Contraindications for blood donation. About blood transfusion: the dangers of donation and how to avoid infection Blood transfusion contraindications for donors

There have been endless debates about whether it is harmful to be a blood donor for many years. That is why in this article we will present to your attention a comprehensive answer to the question posed. In addition, you will learn about how to become a blood donor, what requirements apply to such people and how much it can cost.

general information

The word “donation” comes from the Latin “donare”, which translates as “to give”. And, indeed, this is a voluntary donation of blood for transfusion. In addition, this concept includes all necessary measures that are aimed at ensuring and organizing the safety of material procurement. Blood taken from a donor is used for educational and research purposes, during the manufacture of medical devices and medicines, etc.

How to become a blood donor?

Before answering the question posed, it is necessary to consider exactly what reasons may prevent a volunteer from becoming a donor. Indeed, despite the fact that blood collection points invite absolutely everyone to collect materials, not every person can perform this function.

So who shouldn't be a blood donor? Among the reasons why a potential candidate may be rejected are those aimed not only at protecting the health of the recipient, but also the donor himself. That is why such prohibitions should be taken responsibly.

Blood donor: contraindications

The following deviations are general contraindications:

• mental illness;
• myopia (more than 6 diopters);
• hypotension (low blood pressure);
• hypertension (high blood pressure);
• tooth extraction (9-15 days before the procedure);
• vaccinations done 10-30 days before the procedure (depending on the type, you need to check with the donation center).

Who cannot be a blood donor, in addition to the categories listed above? It should be noted that in addition to general contraindications, there are also specific ones. As a rule, they concern only representatives of the weaker sex. Thus, women and girls are strictly prohibited from donating blood:

• Throughout pregnancy. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that pregnancy is a clear and direct contraindication to blood donation. This is why you need to be very careful.
• During menstruation, as well as for 5 days after them.
• While breastfeeding.
• One year after pregnancy and childbirth.
• Three months from the end of lactation.

Among other things, there are other contraindications to this procedure. We will talk about them in the next section of the article.

Who should not become a donor?

Under no circumstances should people who have the following diseases, experiences or pathological addictions be allowed to donate blood:

• HIV and suspicion of it in a given period of time;
• viral hepatitis and suspicion of it in a given period of time;
• serious blood diseases;
• promiscuity;
• homosexual relationships;
• use of intravenous drugs (except in hospital settings);
• drug addiction and alcoholism.

The contraindications presented are permanent. But besides this, there is also a temporary withdrawal. Such reasons include:

• postoperative period (approximately 12 months);
• after non-severe illnesses (ARVI, acute respiratory infections) - 1 month;
• after using analgesics - approximately 2 weeks;
• after using antibiotic drugs - approximately 2 weeks;
• after tattooing or punctures on the body for piercing - about 6-12 months (depending on the conditions of a particular blood transfusion center).

Potential candidates

Who can become a blood donor? There are much fewer items in this section. However, this does not mean that only selected people can become donors.

So, if you want to become a volunteer and donate blood, then you need to:

• Have sufficient weight (over 50 kg). At the same time, the main thing is that your excessive thinness does not catch your eye.
• Feel great and be healthy.
• Be an adult. But most often people over 60 years of age are not allowed to donate.
• Have any identification document with you (military ID, passport, etc.).
• Have a local registration (this item is not required in all blood donation centers).

Having figured out who can become a blood donor, we move on to the next point, or rather, to the description of the procedure itself.

Preliminary procedures

How to become a blood donor? Once a volunteer has decided to donate his material to the donation center, he must undergo several procedures.

So, what does it take to become a blood donor?

• Fill out the form. Having arrived at the donation center, you should go to the registration desk, where you should be given a questionnaire that contains very simple, but very important questions. As a rule, they relate to past illnesses, promiscuity, drug addiction, as well as some other personal data. You must fill out this form honestly and openly. After all, there is a law of the Russian Federation “On the donation of blood and its main components”, which states that a citizen who distorted information about the state of his health and deliberately concealed it bears full responsibility established by law if these actions entailed (or could have entailed) ) significant health disorder of the recipient. By the way, in other states there is even criminal liability for false information. Therefore, you should take this procedure as seriously as possible. After all, even a minor detail can cause serious complications for the person to whom your blood is planned to be transfused.
• Pass a medical examination. Before being examined, a small amount of blood is required to be drawn from the finger of an approved candidate. This is necessary in order to determine Rh and also to see at what level the donor’s hemoglobin is. After this, the test results are sent to a therapist, whom the volunteer should visit. The doctor will ask you to measure your pulse and blood pressure, as well as several questions regarding the completed questionnaire. Next, the candidate is asked to sign a contract, which indicates that he understood all the questions, answered them correctly, and also fully agrees to voluntarily donate blood and its further transfusion to the recipient.

If all the necessary procedures are completed successfully, the donor is sent to a special ward, where a series of blood collection activities are carried out.

How does blood donation work?

Depending on the specific center, the donor may be offered to donate it in a sitting, lying or semi-lying position. If you are a beginner, you will most likely be asked to lie down on a couch. After all, it is in this position that a person is less likely to feel fever and severe dizziness. After this, the center’s staff squeezes the donor’s arm above the elbow, and then disinfects a certain area using a cotton swab with alcohol and pierces it with a special needle. Then, over the course of 5-12 minutes, the blood is collected in a plastic bag with a volume of about 450 ml. Finally, the rubber tubes are tied and the needle is removed from the vein. Next, employees drain the remaining blood from the system into a test tube (approximately 20 ml) for further analysis. After this, the vein is closed with an alcohol cotton swab and bandaged quite tightly with a bandage. It is not recommended to remove this bandage for 2-4 hours.

How to prepare for blood donation?

Now you are a blood donor. But before such a procedure, experts recommend adhering to the following rules:

• do not drink alcoholic beverages 2 days before donating blood;
• do not smoke 2 hours before donating blood;
• do not take aspirin, analgesics and other strong medications 3-5 days before donating blood.

In addition, on the day of donating blood, you should definitely have breakfast, and 5-10 minutes before puncturing the vein, drink a glass of water or compote.

What can you eat before donating blood?

Two days before the appointed date, the donor can consume:

• any fruits, vegetables;
• fruit drink, juice, compote, still mineral water, sweet tea;
• jam, preserves;
• bread, crackers, cookies;
• boiled cereals cooked in water without adding fat, butter and milk;
• boiled or steamed fish.

What should you not eat before donating blood?

Two days before visiting the donor center, it is prohibited to eat fried, salted, spicy, smoked, eggs, any dairy products and nuts.

Blood donation: harmful or beneficial?

• Thanks to this procedure, a person can regularly and free of charge take tests to detect HIV, syphilis, hepatitis, hemoglobin levels, red blood cells, ESR, leukocytes, etc.
• Donation trains the body and prepares it for the most difficult situations in life (surgeries, injuries, blood loss, etc.).
• Reduce (by 30%) potential heart attacks. After all, the circulatory system of all donors works more efficiently, which contributes to improved health.
• Loss of blood improves metabolism and forces the entire body to mobilize.

Price

How to become a blood donor in Moscow for money? To do this, you should contact any donation center. It is there that you will be asked to decide whether you want to donate blood for free or get money for it.

If the donor chooses a free procedure, then some points provide food rations. If a volunteer decides to make money from this, then depending on the chosen center and the collection of certain material, after the procedure he can receive from 500 to 3000 Russian rubles. Although it should be noted that if you regularly donate blood free of charge for several years in a row, you can eventually receive the title of honorary donor and all sorts of benefits.

Almost any healthy person over 18 years of age can become a donor. However, there are certain medical and social contraindications to donating blood and its components. Various diseases, operations suffered in the recent past, trips to certain parts of the world - all this can serve as a temporary or permanent excuse from donation. You will find a detailed list of contraindications below.

In addition, you should know that the donor must weigh at least 50 kg. Body temperature measured before blood donation should be no higher than 37°C; permissible systolic pressure - from 90 to 160 mmHg, diastolic - from 60 to 100 mmHg; permissible pulse rate is 50-100 beats per minute.

If you have diseases not included in the above list, or you are taking any medications, inform the doctor at the station or in the blood transfusion department, and he will decide whether you can be a donor or not. An examination by a doctor and a conversation between a doctor and a donor are mandatory procedures before donating blood or its components. Do not hide your ailments from the doctor, answer his questions and the questionnaire honestly, and then donation will be safe both for you and for those for whom you are donating blood or its components.

In Moscow and the Moscow region, some medical institutions require donors to register in Moscow or Moscow region - permanent or temporary (at least 6 months). However, other blood transfusion departments also accept blood from regionally registered donors. To find out what a specific facility's registration requirements are, contact our Donor Coordinator or find that facility on the list and read the description of the blood donation requirements.

If you are donating blood not in Moscow, but in another region of Russia, call the station or blood transfusion department in advance to find out what requirements they have for donor registration.

Thank you for being ready to become a donor or have already become one!

List of contraindications to donating blood and its components

(See Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated September 14, 2001 No. 364 “On approval of the procedure for medical examination of a blood donor and its components” and Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation No. 175n dated April 16, 2008 “On amendments to the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated September 14, 2001 No. 364.")

I. Absolute contraindications

(withdrawal from donation regardless of the duration of the disease and treatment results)

1. Factors of infection with blood-borne diseases:

Every healthy person can become a donor. But before you go to the blood transfusion station, you need to find out the basic rules for donating blood.

Preliminary stage

Every person who plans to donate blood should prepare. You cannot drink alcohol for 48 hours, and smoking is also prohibited. However, if a person drinks alcohol often enough, the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) can be constantly elevated. People who abuse alcohol should give it up a week before donating blood.

Due to the risk of increasing the level of this enzyme, on the eve of the examination you should avoid eating lard, mayonnaise, butter, and sour cream. If the ALT level is elevated, then the next time a potential donor can come to donate blood no earlier than in 3 months.

Experienced donors know how to prepare so that their blood donation goes well. Rules are necessary for people who are not yet familiar with this procedure.

When planning to become a donor, you need to reconsider your diet. On the eve of this procedure, avoid fried, fatty, and smoked foods. Avoid butter, eggs and dairy products. Ingesting large amounts of animal proteins can make the blood difficult to separate into its components.

Failure to comply with the diet leads to the fact that fat microparticles are found in large quantities in the blood serum. She looks cloudy. Such blood is not suitable for tests or transfusions. By the way, it is not recommended to eat bananas and nuts.

It is also important to pay attention to your well-being. The rules for donating blood state that you should reschedule the procedure if you feel unwell, feel weak, dizzy or have a headache. You should not go to the transfusion station if you had a sleepless night the night before.

Day of the procedure

It has been experimentally established that the body tolerates significant blood loss best in the morning. Therefore, for most people, blood is taken for up to 12 hours. Breakfast on the day of the procedure is mandatory. In the morning you can eat any porridge with water, dry cookies, and drink sweet tea.

It is better to go to the blood transfusion station in advance and find out how they donate blood for donation. The rules are the same for everyone. By the way, don’t forget to take your passport with registration with you.

First, the potential donor is asked to fill out a questionnaire where he provides information about his health and lifestyle. After this, he should be examined by a therapist. He can additionally inform you about how blood donation takes place. Rules, preparation and diet are mandatory for everyone.

About 450 ml of biofluid is taken from each donor. Some of it is sent for tests. The duration of the procedure depends on what exactly the person is undergoing. It takes 15 minutes to collect this amount of whole blood. Plasma donation lasts about 30 minutes, platelets – 1.5 hours.

Behavior after the procedure

Once the blood draw is completed, the person should rest for a while. To do this, you just need to sit quietly for 15 minutes and drink sweet tea. If you feel unwell or feel dizzy, you should contact the staff. In order to comply with all the rules for donating blood, you must refrain from physical activity on this day. It is advisable to start smoking no earlier than two days after the procedure.

It is advisable not to remove the applied bandage for 3-4 hours. This should prevent bruising. But if it does form, then at the site of its appearance it is recommended to make compresses with heparin ointment. Instead, you can use Troxevasin.

It is also important to eat right: the body must receive all the necessary microelements. After donation, you need to monitor the amount of liquid consumed; you need to drink at least 2 liters of water.

Temporary contraindications

There is a list of situations in which blood donation should be postponed. Rules, preparation, conditions are explained at each blood transfusion station. But people do not always go for a preliminary consultation.

Any healthy person who is over 18 years old and weighs more than 50 kg can become a donor. But even people who meet these parameters can receive a medical exemption for a certain period from the moment of recovery.

Temporary contraindications include the following.

1. Infectious diseases:

• history of malaria (3 years);
• ARVI, sore throat, influenza (1 month);
• typhoid fever (1 year);
• other diseases (6 months).

2. Danger of infection with blood-borne diseases:

• transfusions of blood and its components, surgical interventions, including abortions (6 months);
• acupuncture treatment, tattooing (1 year);
• being on business trips abroad for more than 2 months (6 months);
• stay more than 3 months in countries where malaria is endemic (3 years);
• contacts with persons with hepatitis A (3 months), B and C (1 year).

3. Tooth extraction (10 days).

4. Acute form of diseases or exacerbation of chronic pathologies (1 month).

5. Exacerbation of allergic diseases (2 months).

6. Vaccinations: the rules for donating blood provide for a medical exemption, the duration of which is determined depending on the type of vaccine.

If you are taking any medications, tell your doctor before donating blood. After using antibiotics, a two-week break is required. If you took analgesics or drugs belonging to the salicylates group, then you need to wait 3 days.

Absolute contraindications

People with certain physical illnesses are also not suitable. These include:

• blood diseases;
• malignant neoplasms;
• complete absence of speech and hearing;
• organic lesions of the central nervous system;
• mental patients, people suffering from drug addiction and alcoholism;
• respiratory diseases (asthma, emphysema, obstructive bronchitis, bronchiectasis);
• cardiovascular diseases (stage 2-3 hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, myocarditis, endocarditis, recurrent thrombophlebitis, heart disease);
• diseases of the digestive system, liver, biliary tract (ulcers, achilic gastritis, cirrhosis and other liver diseases, calculous cholecystitis);
• kidney disease (urolithiasis, focal and diffuse kidney damage);
• connective tissue problems;
• radiation sickness;
• endocrine diseases that are accompanied by metabolic disorders;
• chronic purulent-inflammatory and acute diseases of the ENT organs;
• eye diseases (myopia more than 6 D, trachoma, blindness, residual effects of uveitis);
• organ resection operations, tissue and organ transplantation;
• skin diseases (psoriasis, pustular and fungal lesions).

Time intervals

If you have carefully read all the contraindications, you can first determine for yourself whether blood donation is indicated for you. It is better to find out the rules (how to donate blood) after reading the full list of contraindications.

If you meet all the requirements, the therapist may allow you to undergo the procedure. Many come to donate blood again. But doing this too often will not work. The break between these procedures should be more than 60 days. Men are allowed to donate blood up to 5 times a year, women - up to 4 times.

True, these restrictions are established for those cases when whole blood is taken from a person. The break between donating plasma and other components is 30 days. Plasmapheresis can be repeated every 2 weeks. The same break is established for plateletpheresis and leukocytapheresis.

Nuances for women

Despite the established gender equality, there are points that cannot be ignored. Therefore, the rules for donating blood for women are slightly different. They can donate blood no more than 4 times a year. But this is not the only limitation. Pregnant women and nursing mothers cannot be donors. It has been established that at least a year must pass from the birth of the baby, and more than 3 months after the end of lactation.

In addition, blood is not taken from women during menstruation. You must wait 5 days after the end of menstruation, only after that you can go to the transfusion station.

Donation payment issues

Just a few years ago, people who decided to donate blood could receive monetary compensation. For example, in Moscow you could get about 1000 rubles. instead of free food. They were also paid 650 rubles. for every 100 ml of biomaterial. Payment for blood donation in other regions was lower. But active donors received almost 2 times more.

In 2012, a new law was adopted, the provisions of which are aimed at making blood donation free and voluntary. Donors are now only entitled to free food and a number of social guarantees. But at the federal level, cases may be established in which it is possible to donate blood for a fee.

The main idea of ​​the new law is that people should become donors not because of the monetary compensation they are entitled to, but to save lives. The money that was spent on payment is now spent on propaganda. This should attract a larger number of conscious citizens who do not think that donating blood is just a way to earn money. Naturally, such people must also follow the rules (payment, by the way, is provided for honorary donors), because they do this not for the sake of a small amount, but for a good purpose - to save someone’s life.

Donor blood is a highly sought-after product. Transfusions of blood or blood components are required for most patients with trauma, burns, or recovery. after operation, especially organ transplants and caesarean sections.

In addition, there are a number of diseases that require transfusions of blood, plasma, or certain blood cells.

The situation is complicated by a number of factors:

• There is a catastrophic shortage in Russia donors . While the WHO norm is 40 donors per thousand people, in Russia this figure is only 14 people.
• At the first surrender the blood has been quarantined for several months. Only if, upon repeated analysis, HIV and other dangerous infections are not detected in it, donor blood can be transfused to patients. For this reason, the surge in donations after large-scale accidents does not radically change the situation.
• Blood of the required type is not always available. For example, finding the fourth negative is very problematic: only 13% of people with group IV live in the world, of which people with negative Rh make up at most a couple of percent.

What is donated blood used for?

It is rarely poured in its pure form. Basically, patients require individual components and preparations based on human blood. Therefore, after collection, it is divided into components.

Who are the donors?

These are people who voluntarily donate their blood or its components for transfusion to other people. There is also the concept of autodonation - components are taken from the person himself before a course of treatment or planned surgery. After the intervention, the body is weakened, foreign cells are a great stress for it. Therefore, doctors insist on transfusion of the patient's own donor material in those cases where this is possible.

Donors can be one-time or permanent. The first donate blood once - help is needed for a relative, friend, or as assistance to victims of a large-scale accident. Regular donation involves several donations per year.

On average, the human body contains from 4.5 to 5.5 liters of blood. Its volume increases and decreases with fluctuations in body weight. You can take no more than 12% for one procedure. Typically a serving is 450 ml.

Benefits of donation:

• Regular free examinations – donors they are carried out without fail;
• Social privileges and benefits;
• Opportunity to receive emergency medical care;
• Benefit for health. The blood is regularly renewed, while the body burns calories, the blood vessels are maintained in good shape;
• The opportunity to help other people and save someone's life.

But in the life of a donor there is also restrictions: they need to lead a healthy lifestyle, give up bad habits, eat properly and nutritiously, exercise, carefully monitor their health, and not take medications unnecessarily.

Who can become a donor and at what age can you donate blood?

Usually people over 18 years of age are allowed to donate. In Russia there is an age limit plus the requirement that a person be a citizen of the country. Allowed in other countries hand over blood and components from 16-17 years old.

Donor requirements:

• Age over 18 years;
• Availability of a Russian citizen passport;
• Minimum weight – 50 kg;
• Absence of blood diseases, previous dangerous infections, oncology;
• No need to constantly take medications;
• A woman needs to be examined by a gynecologist to rule out pregnancy and infections. In the future, the donor woman needs to undergo regular preventive examinations;
• General level of health.

At the first delivery, a comprehensive analysis is carried out. A control sample is taken after 6 months. If both times the indicators are normal, the person is suitable for donation.

Women can donate blood no more than 4 times a year, men - no more than 5.

Until what age can you donate blood?

Maximum donor age - 60 years. In very old age, absolute health is very rare. Hypertension, which is diagnosed in the majority of Russian pensioners, is one of the contraindications to donating blood.

Who should not be a donor?

The list of contraindications is quite long. People with serious blood diseases, oncology, or infections cannot donate blood at all. In addition, there are situations when a person has temporary branch from donation (for a period of one month to three years) - due to previous diseases and other interventions.

In some cases, contraindications may be conditional. For example, if we are talking about urgently saving the life of a close relative with whom there is full compatibility - but the potential donor has a temporary allotment. If there is no alternative, the doctor can weigh everything pros and cons and make an exception if the potential risk is not high.

Height and weight

Short or very tall stature is not a contraindication - unless it is caused by a disease for which the person regularly takes hormonal drugs.

Weight less than 50 kg is a contraindication. Such people have a harder time withstanding blood loss, even minor ones. Excess weight also imposes restrictions: it is usually associated with an unhealthy lifestyle or hormonal imbalance, which affects the condition and composition of blood cells.

Temporary contraindications

They operate if there were situations in the life of a potential donor that could cause negative changes in the composition of the blood. After a certain period of time and additional examination, they are removed, and the person can donate blood.

Time restrictions include:

• Previous non-dangerous infections without complications;
• Planned and unscheduled operations;
• Tattoos, piercings, acupuncture;
• Poisoning and intoxication;
• Exacerbation of chronic diseases, which in the remission stage are not a contraindication;
• Vaccinations;
• Women in Russia are not allowed to donate blood during menstruation. In many countries this restriction does not apply;
• Deterioration of blood counts until health status stabilizes.

Temporary contraindications to blood donation for regular donors

On the day of blood donation, a donor may be excluded if:

• He came to the procedure under the influence of alcohol or drugs;
• He has a fever and symptoms of fever;
• He had taken medication the day before;
• Eating fatty or spicy foods;
• I did not have breakfast before the procedure.

For what diseases should you never be a donor?

Restrictions apply to:

1. Active diseases, acute and chronic.
2. Transferred in the past, but the blood contains components that can lead to infection of the recipient.

A complete contraindication to donation is the presence of:

The appearance of these diseases in a regular donor is a reason for lifelong cessation of blood donation, regardless of the donor's length of service.

Restrictions for men

Men who:

• Lead an unhealthy lifestyle;
• Regularly smoke or drink alcohol;
• Have suffered from venereal diseases;
• Had homosexual contacts. This is due to the risk of infection of the patient’s already weakened body with immunodeficiency and hepatitis C viruses, which are common among homosexual men.

Being under or overweight and taking steroids also limit a man’s ability to perform. as a donor.

Contraindications for women

Women can be donors just like men, but they have many more physiological contraindications. First of all, the restrictions apply to those whose weight is less than 50 kg and whose blood pressure is below 90/60. Previous operations to remove the uterus or ovaries due to inflammation or neoplasms are a complete contraindication.

You cannot donate blood to women with a history of endometriosis. Anemia may be a temporary limitation: once the hemoglobin level normalizes, you can donate blood.

Can I donate blood after tooth extraction?

If tooth extraction is not accompanied by prolonged suppuration, you can donate blood 10 days after the operation. This procedure is a surgical procedure that involves blood loss and the risk of infection.

Video

Donor blood is a highly sought-after product. Transfusions of blood or blood components are required for most patients with trauma, burns, or recovery. after operation, especially organ transplants and caesarean sections.

In addition, there are a number of diseases that require transfusions of blood, plasma, or certain blood cells.

The situation is complicated by a number of factors:

• There is a catastrophic shortage in Russia donors . While the WHO norm is 40 donors per thousand people, in Russia this figure is only 14 people.
• At the first surrender the blood has been quarantined for several months. Only if, upon repeated analysis, HIV and other dangerous infections are not detected in it, donor blood can be transfused to patients. For this reason, the surge in donations after large-scale accidents does not radically change the situation.
• Blood of the required type is not always available. For example, finding the fourth negative is very problematic: only 13% of people with group IV live in the world, of which people with negative Rh make up at most a couple of percent.

What is donated blood used for?

It is rarely poured in its pure form. Basically, patients require individual components and preparations based on human blood. Therefore, after collection, it is divided into components.

Who are the donors?

These are people who voluntarily donate their blood or its components for transfusion to other people. There is also the concept of autodonation - components are taken from the person himself before a course of treatment or planned surgery. After the intervention, the body is weakened, foreign cells are a great stress for it. Therefore, doctors insist on transfusion of the patient's own donor material in those cases where this is possible.

Donors can be one-time or permanent. The first donate blood once - help is needed for a relative, friend, or as assistance to victims of a large-scale accident. Regular donation involves several donations per year.

On average, the human body contains from 4.5 to 5.5 liters of blood. Its volume increases and decreases with fluctuations in body weight. You can take no more than 12% for one procedure. Typically a serving is 450 ml.

Benefits of donation:

• Regular free examinations – donors they are carried out without fail;
• Social privileges and benefits;
• Opportunity to receive emergency medical care;
• Benefit for health. The blood is regularly renewed, while the body burns calories, the blood vessels are maintained in good shape;
• The opportunity to help other people and save someone's life.

But in the life of a donor there is also restrictions: they need to lead a healthy lifestyle, give up bad habits, eat properly and nutritiously, exercise, carefully monitor their health, and not take medications unnecessarily.

Who can become a donor and at what age can you donate blood?

Usually people over 18 years of age are allowed to donate. In Russia there is an age limit plus the requirement that a person be a citizen of the country. Allowed in other countries hand over blood and components from 16-17 years old.

Donor requirements:

• Age over 18 years;
• Availability of a Russian citizen passport;
• Minimum weight – 50 kg;
• Absence of blood diseases, previous dangerous infections, oncology;
• No need to constantly take medications;
• A woman needs to be examined by a gynecologist to rule out pregnancy and infections. In the future, the donor woman needs to undergo regular preventive examinations;
• General level of health.

At the first delivery, a comprehensive analysis is carried out. A control sample is taken after 6 months. If both times the indicators are normal, the person is suitable for donation.

Women can donate blood no more than 4 times a year, men - no more than 5.

Until what age can you donate blood?

Maximum donor age - 60 years. In very old age, absolute health is very rare. Hypertension, which is diagnosed in the majority of Russian pensioners, is one of the contraindications to donating blood.

Who should not be a donor?

The list of contraindications is quite long. People with serious blood diseases, oncology, or infections cannot donate blood at all. In addition, there are situations when a person has temporary branch from donation (for a period of one month to three years) - due to previous diseases and other interventions.

In some cases, contraindications may be conditional. For example, if we are talking about urgently saving the life of a close relative with whom there is full compatibility - but the potential donor has a temporary allotment. If there is no alternative, the doctor can weigh everything pros and cons and make an exception if the potential risk is not high.

Height and weight

Short or very tall stature is not a contraindication - unless it is caused by a disease for which the person regularly takes hormonal drugs.

Weight less than 50 kg is a contraindication. Such people have a harder time withstanding blood loss, even minor ones. Excess weight also imposes restrictions: it is usually associated with an unhealthy lifestyle or hormonal imbalance, which affects the condition and composition of blood cells.

Temporary contraindications

They operate if there were situations in the life of a potential donor that could cause negative changes in the composition of the blood. After a certain period of time and additional examination, they are removed, and the person can donate blood.

Time restrictions include:

• Previous non-dangerous infections without complications;
• Planned and unscheduled operations;
• Tattoos, piercings, acupuncture;
• Poisoning and intoxication;
• Exacerbation of chronic diseases, which in the remission stage are not a contraindication;
• Vaccinations;
• Women in Russia are not allowed to donate blood during menstruation. In many countries this restriction does not apply;
• Deterioration of blood counts until health status stabilizes.

Temporary contraindications to blood donation for regular donors

On the day of blood donation, a donor may be excluded if:

• He came to the procedure under the influence of alcohol or drugs;
• He has a fever and symptoms of fever;
• He had taken medication the day before;
• Eating fatty or spicy foods;
• I did not have breakfast before the procedure.

For what diseases should you never be a donor?

Restrictions apply to:

1. Active diseases, acute and chronic.
2. Transferred in the past, but the blood contains components that can lead to infection of the recipient.

A complete contraindication to donation is the presence of:

The appearance of these diseases in a regular donor is a reason for lifelong cessation of blood donation, regardless of the donor's length of service.

Restrictions for men

Men who:

• Lead an unhealthy lifestyle;
• Regularly smoke or drink alcohol;
• Have suffered from venereal diseases;
• Had homosexual contacts. This is due to the risk of infection of the patient’s already weakened body with immunodeficiency and hepatitis C viruses, which are common among homosexual men.

Being under or overweight and taking steroids also limit a man’s ability to perform. as a donor.

Contraindications for women

Women can be donors just like men, but they have many more physiological contraindications. First of all, the restrictions apply to those whose weight is less than 50 kg and whose blood pressure is below 90/60. Previous operations to remove the uterus or ovaries due to inflammation or neoplasms are a complete contraindication.

You cannot donate blood to women with a history of endometriosis. Anemia may be a temporary limitation: once the hemoglobin level normalizes, you can donate blood.

Can I donate blood after tooth extraction?

If tooth extraction is not accompanied by prolonged suppuration, you can donate blood 10 days after the operation. This procedure is a surgical procedure that involves blood loss and the risk of infection.

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