How figure skaters eat before competitions. Traditional medicine is the treatment of cancer with folk remedies. The correct dietary system for figure skaters

It is impossible to achieve success in figure skating if you are overweight. But the specifics of this sport require a huge amount of energy, so a balanced and nutritious diet is necessary for athletes.

How do figure skaters eat? Do they have a special diet and what does it include?

Organization of figure skaters' diet

According to trainers working with figure skaters, extra pounds appear due to improper distribution of nutrients. A skater must not only be physically tough and have well-developed muscles, but also be flexible and flexible.

Skaters get carbohydrates for endurance from fruits, vegetables, cereals and pasta made from durum wheat. Proteins give strength to muscles. They are found in lean varieties of fish, meat and poultry, low-fat fermented milk and dairy products. A liquid diet maintains the flexibility of the body, and foods high in calcium strengthen bone tissue and stimulate the conduction of nerve impulses. Therefore, soups, nuts and dairy products must be included in the diet of athletes.

The composition of the diet and its quantity are certainly important. But the diet is no less important. Skaters eat often, but in small portions, and at the request of coaches, lunch should be two hours before the start of training, so that digestion does not interfere with classes. For each athlete, the diet is compiled individually, taking into account gender, age, direction of the training process and other factors.

And yet there are cases when, before a performance, an athlete’s weight exceeds the permissible values. In this case, an extreme diet is used, which, of course, is not approved by either trainers or professional nutritionists. However, it is very effective.

Getting out of bed after sleep, you need to drink 250 ml of mineral water. It should be without gas.
For breakfast you are allowed to eat two glasses of pure bran. You can add kelp to them. Drink 500 ml of green tea without sugar.
The second breakfast menu consists of only two green apples.
Lunch consists of two rye crackers, 250 ml of kefir, low-fat only.
Before afternoon snack, you can snack on a large orange and 100 grams of low-fat cottage cheese.
The afternoon snack menu consists of four grain breads (preferably buckwheat), 250 ml of black tea without sugar.
Before dinner, you can have a snack with 100 grams of low-fat cottage cheese.
Dinner can consist of 100 grams of boiled beef or white poultry or two boiled eggs.

In two to three weeks of such a diet, you can get rid of 15-20 kilograms of excess weight, but losing it quickly can have a negative impact on your health, so it is better to be prudent and lose weight gradually.

In the 2007/2008 season. We carried out research work to analyze the actual nutrition of young athletes on the basis of the St. Petersburg Youth Sports School of the Olympic Reserve in Figure Skating. Data on actual nutrition were collected based on the nutrition diaries completed by the athletes. To calculate the parameters of the chemical composition, we used the computer program “Organization of catering in youth sports schools and educational institutions”, developed at St. Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture based on tables on the chemical composition of food products and ready-made dishes.

The hygienic characteristics of nutrition were carried out in comparison with the currently existing recommended values ​​for the consumption of basic nutrients and energy for young athletes (Order No. 155 of February 25, 2004 “On the standards for providing a minimum daily diet for students of Olympic reserve schools”). In table 30, 31 and 32 show the correspondence of the actual content of nutrients and energy to the recommended values.

Table 30 Correspondence of the content of nutrients and energy value of the daily diet of young skaters to the recommended values ​​(%)

As follows from the table, young skaters' energy needs are satisfied with food by 50.3-63%, in - by 42.3-62.3%, in - by 63-85.2%, in - by 44-49 ,1%.

A lack of basic nutrients (,) and energy in the diet inevitably leads to a deficiency of such essential food components as, and (see Tables 31 and 32), which in our study was confirmed by biochemical research data.

Table 31 Provision of vitamins in the daily diet of young figure skaters in comparison with the recommendations of St. Petersburg Research Institute of Physics (%)

Pair skating (m)
Pair skating (w)
Single skating (m)
Single skating (w)

Table 32 Provision of minerals in the daily diet of young skaters in comparison with the recommendations of St. Petersburg Research Institute of Physics (%)

Study groups of athletes
Pair skating (m)
Pair skating (w)
Single skating (m)
Single skating (w)

When comparing the vitamin composition of the diet with the recommended intake values, an insufficient content of all the studied vitamins, including PUFAs, was revealed in the figure skaters’ diet.

A study of the mineral composition of food revealed a deficiency in nutrition of all the studied mineral substances.

Based on the totality of the studies conducted, typical errors found in the diet of figure skaters were identified:

• reduction in the energy value of the daily diet;
• insufficient content of total carbohydrates with a violation of the structure of their consumption (excess - and);
• insufficient content of proteins of both plant and animal origin in the diet;
• insufficient consumption of animal and plant fats;
• insufficient content .

and as a consequence:

• insufficient intake of vitamins (vitamin A, B1, B2, C, etc.);
• deficiency of macro- and microelements (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, etc.).

Based on the totality of the studied indicators, we concluded that insufficient is determined in all skaters, regardless of the chosen type of figure skating.

Algorithm for compiling diets for figure skaters

The main goal of creating diets for athletes is to achieve maximum compliance between the possible influence of the diet on the body of a young athlete and the tasks set by the coach for a given period of the training process.

• Calculation of daily averages in order to determine the energy value of the diet.

• Determination of the ratio of basic nutrients in accordance with a specific pedagogical task for a specific period of training of an athlete. To do this, it is necessary to know the structure of training microcycles (MCs) in the annual cycle of training athletes, pedagogical tasks for individual microcycles, and duration. Each day of the microcycle must correspond to a specific diet.

• Compiling a set of products that provides the calculated calorie content of the diet and the ratio of nutrients in it. To fulfill this condition, it is recommended to be guided by the approximate sets of products developed by St. Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture (Order No. 155 of February 25, 2004 “On the standards for providing a minimum daily diet for students of Olympic reserve schools”), or Appendix 9.

• Creation of a technological card index of ready-made dishes (layout cards).

• Compiling a diet from a card index of layout cards with its distribution throughout the day (4-5 meals are recommended) depending on the time and number of training sessions.

An example of compiling a ten-day menu of four meals a day for a training camp (ration ShSh-2) is given in Appendix 14.

General nutritional principles for weight loss for figure skaters

In our opinion, one of the reasons for the typical mistakes encountered in the diet of figure skaters is the restriction of food consumption due to the fear of gaining excess weight. This is especially true for girls and young women. We have already written that any lack of energy, proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the diet inevitably leads to a deficiency of such essential food components as PUFAs, vitamins and minerals, which ultimately leads to decreased immunity, injuries, increased morbidity and decrease in sports results. Therefore, when a young figure skater or figure skater is faced with the task of reducing body weight or maintaining the recommended one, we must correctly formulate a diet so that, with a reduced caloric content, the food contains an adequate amount of all essential food components, and the athlete can maintain the achieved level of physical fitness throughout this period.

Nutrition principles for weight loss:

• Gradually reduce the energy value of the diet, but not below the energy consumption for basal metabolism (1200 kcal).

• Increase the protein quota in the diet to 18-20% of the daily calorie intake (but not more than 3 g/kg body weight).

• As a complete source of protein, use: beef and chicken without visible fat, low-fat fish (cod, pike, navaga, pike perch), rabbit, veal, low-fat cottage cheese, eggs. Combine meat with raw vegetables and leafy greens.

• Limit the fat quota to 26-30% of the daily calorie intake from animal fat.

• Eliminate animal fat from the diet or limit it as much as possible (butter, cream, sour cream, offal, lard, sausages).

• Increase the consumption of vegetable fats (up to 20-25 g per day). They are recommended for use in salad dressings and vinaigrettes, but not for frying foods.

• Maintain a carbohydrate quota of up to 50-56% of the daily caloric intake while limiting high carbohydrates (sugar, sweets, confectionery, premium flour products, potatoes, white rice, corn flakes).

• Increase the consumption of fruits and berries containing carbohydrates with a low glycemic index: apples, grapefruits, oranges, peaches, plums, lemons, currants, gooseberries, cranberries, and juices from them.

• Maintain the frequency of meals - at least 4-5 times a day.

• The main food consumption should be in the morning and afternoon (at breakfast and lunch - 2/3 of the total daily calorie intake, at dinner - 1/3, respectively).

• It is recommended that the evening meal consist mainly of protein products (lactic acid, lean meats, eggs, seafood).

• The time between dinner and the start of bed should be at least 3 hours.

• Limit foods that stimulate appetite (overeating) in your diet: strong broths, pickles, marinades, smoked foods, fried foods, spicy seasonings, alcohol.

• To prevent overeating, you need to eat slowly, chewing your food thoroughly.

• The use of diets with limited energy intake (hypocaloric nutrition).

For an approximate weekly hypocaloric diet aimed at reducing the body weight of figure skaters, see Appendix 15. This diet is prescribed for no more than 1 month.

As an alternative to diets with limited energy intake, fasting days can be used. Most of them are inferior in energy value and chemical composition, so they are prescribed for 1-2 days and no more than 1-2 times a week.

Methodology for conducting contrast, or fasting, days

Contrast, or fasting, days are carried out with the aim of restructuring metabolism and stimulating the mobilization and use of energy resources from fat depots, which leads to weight loss. Increased diuresis and improved bowel movements these days lead to a more or less significant decrease in body weight and contribute to the removal of metabolic end products from the body.

A fasting diet is usually prescribed on a day off. Meals are taken 5-6 times a day. To avoid irritation of the food center, you should not eat at a common table. On this day, it is advisable to ensure physical rest - excessive physical stress is unacceptable. Light to moderate housework is permitted. It is advisable to plan your daily routine in advance, including spending time in the fresh air.

If you feel hungry, accompanied by severe weakness and dizziness, it is recommended to drink tea with sugar, jam or honey.

When choosing a menu for a contrasting day, you should be guided by your personal tolerance to the proposed diet foods and individual taste. At the initial stage, preference should be given to diets with the highest energy value (higher calorie content) - meat, fish, cottage cheese. In the future, other types of diets (fruit and vegetable, dairy) or double fasting days can be used: for example, first a meat day is prescribed, and then an apple day (Appendix 16).

One of the methods that helps to correct and maintain the recommended body weight is changing eating behavior, i.e. developing the habit of eating right.

Appendix 14 Approximate ten-day menu of four meals a day for a training camp for figure skaters

Day 1, menu

Name of dish	Weight of the finished dish, g	Chemical composition
		Proteins, g	Fats, g	Carbohydrates, g	Calorie content, kcal
BREAKFAST
Tea with sugar and lemon
Hercules milk porridge
Natural two-egg omelette
Butter bun
Fruits (peaches)
TOTAL
DINNER
Assorted vegetables
Olivier salad
Chicken soup with vermicelli
Mashed potatoes
Fruits (pears)
TOTAL
AFTERNOON SNACK
Curd cheese
Blend "Tropical"
TOTAL
DINNER
Tea with sugar and lemon
Grated carrots with sugar
Crumbled buckwheat porridge
Fruits (apples)
Bee honey
TOTAL

Food set No. 1 (calorie content - 3500 kcal)

No.	Products	Product quantity (net, g)
	Meat products (cooked, semi-smoked, hard-smoked, pork-smoked sausages): sausages
	Egg (dietary)
	Vegetable oil (sunflower, corn, etc.)
	Milk (whole)
	Dairy products:
	cottage cheese n/w
	Potato
	Cereals, flour: Hercules flakes
	vermicelli
	onion/leek
	parsley dill
	fresh/salted cucumbers
	peas (canned)
	Fresh fruits (berries, citrus fruits assorted):
	Canned fruits
	Dried fruits (dried apricots, raisins, prunes)
	Nuts (walnuts, almonds, cashews, hazelnuts)
	Jam, jam, marmalade: jam
	Rye/wheat bread

Day 2, menu

Name of dish	ready dish, g	Chemical composition
				Carbohydrates, g	Calorie content, kcal
BREAKFAST
Tea with sugar and lemon
Rice porridge milk
Sausage sandwich s/c
Pancakes with cottage cheese
Condensed milk
Fruits (apples)
TOTAL
DINNER
Assorted vegetables
Fresh cabbage with herbs
Bean soup with m/k broth
Meatloaf, minced meat. egg
Crumbled buckwheat porridge
Fruit compote
Fruits (nectarines)
TOTAL
AFTERNOON SNACK
Blend "Tropical"
Baking with honey
TOTAL
DINNER
Tea with sugar and lemon
Mashed potatoes
Squash Cavier
Corn (canned)
Fruits (pears)
TOTAL

Food set No. 2 (calorie content - 3500 kcal)

	Products	Product quantity (net, g)
	Meat (veal, 1st grade beef tenderloin, pork, lamb)
	By-products (beef): tongue, liver, kidneys
	Meat products (cooked, semi-smoked, hard-smoked, pork-smoked sausages): semi-smoked sausage
	Fish and fish products (fresh, frozen, salted fish)
	Poultry (chickens, turkey, chicks)
	Egg (dietary)
	Butter, including ghee
	Milk (whole)
	Dairy products:
	cottage cheese n/w
	condensed milk
	Potato
	Fresh vegetables, legumes, herbs (assorted):
	squash Cavier
	onion/leek
	parsley dill
	fresh cucumbers
	corn (canned)
	used cabbage
	nectarines
	Canned fruits
	Fruit juices/mineral water
	Sugar, candies, marmalade, halva: sugar
	Jam, jam, marmalade
	Flour confectionery products (cookies, biscuits, gingerbread, etc.): baked goods
	Rye/wheat bread

Day 3, menu

Name of dish	Weight of the finished dish, g	Chemical composition
				Carbohydrates, g	Calorie content, kcal
BREAKFAST
Cocoa with milk
Buckwheat milk porridge
A cheese sandwich
Boiled egg
Bun with jam
"Fruits (pears)
TOTAL
DINNER
Vinaigrette with fish (canned)
Fresh cabbage with herbs
Pickle soup for chickens. broth
Navy pasta
Compote from St. apples
Fruit (kiwi)
TOTAL
AFTERNOON SNACK
Almonds in yogurt
Baking with chocolate
TOTAL
DINNER
Tea with sugar and lemon
Rice balls
Korean carrots
Olivier salad
Fruits (apples)
TOTAL

Food set No. 3 (calorie content - 3500 kcal)

	Products	Product quantity (net, g)
	Meat (veal, 1st grade beef tenderloin, pork, lamb)
	By-products (beef): tongue, liver, kidneys
	Meat products (cooked, semi-smoked, hard-smoked, pork-smoked sausages)
	Fish and fish products (fresh fish, frozen fish, canned fish)
	Poultry (chickens, turkey, chicks)
	Egg (dietary)
	Butter, including ghee
	Vegetable oil (sunflower, olive, corn, etc.)
	Milk (whole)
	Dairy products:
	cottage cheese n/w
	condensed milk
	Potato
	pasta
	pearl barley
	Fresh vegetables, legumes, herbs (assorted):
	onion/leek
	parsley dill
	pickles
	peas (canned)
	used cabbage
	Fresh fruits (berries, citrus fruits assorted):
	Canned fruits
	Dried fruits (dried apricots, raisins, prunes)
	Fruit juices/mineral water
	Nuts (walnuts, almonds, cashews, hazelnuts)
	Sugar, candies, marmalade, halva: sugar
	Jam, jam, marmalade
	Flour confectionery products (cookies, biscuits, gingerbreads, etc.): baked goods
	Rye/wheat bread

Day 4, menu

0 0 2306

Name of dish	Weight of the finished dish, g	Chemical composition
				Carbohydrates, g	Calorie content, kcal
BREAKFAST
Tea with sugar and lemon
Millet milk porridge

There is a common belief that figure skaters constantly limit themselves in nutrition in order to stay in shape. Is it true?

In fact, there are no scary stories and rumors, such as, for example, about the world of gymnastics, in figure skating. Although restrictions, of course, exist, we are still talking about professional sports. But let’s listen to the athletes themselves.

DIET IS A WHOLE SCIENCE

- This is a whole science. For the last year and a half I have been trying to be as responsible as possible with my body. Now it’s no longer possible to eat after six in the evening as before,” said the two-time world champion and two-time silver medalist of Pyeongchang 2018 Evgenia Medvedeva a month before my 18th birthday.

— Cakes and pastries? I'm indifferent to them. Not because it’s impossible, I just don’t like all these butter creams and sugary icing. But that doesn't mean I'm so correct. There is also milk chocolate - I eat it almost every day, albeit a little bit,” the Russian woman said in an interview with Tatler magazine in May 2017. By the way, in the same text, the correspondent noted that during the break between training, Medvedeva swallowed pork with buckwheat - no one has yet canceled calories and proteins.

A post shared by (@victoria_sinitsina) on Sep 23, 2018 at 9:43am PDT

– What should you never eat?

- The first thing I refused was the phrase that you just said - “you should never eat.” These words are killing me, they make me want to eat even more. You can’t even think about this “never”.

Marina told me this: “Do you want fries? Eat one stick. Do you want chocolate? Break off a square and eat.” If something is banned forever, I will have a breakdown. In fact, I didn’t radically limit myself in anything, I just began to eat rarely and little by little,” said Sinitsina.

A career in a sport such as figure skating, as well as being overweight, are categorically incompatible concepts. At the same time, this sport forces you to spend a significant amount of energy, so athletes’ nutrition simply must be balanced and nutritious. That’s why a specific dietary system, called the skaters’ diet, appeared and was then popularized.

The correct dietary system for figure skaters

Trainers who work with figure skaters are confident that the appearance of extra pounds is caused solely by improper distribution of nutrients in the diet. The fact is that figure skating requires from those who practice it not only great endurance, but also well-developed muscles. At the same time, flexibility must be present. Endurance is simply unthinkable without a sufficient supply of carbohydrates; figure skaters get them by eating fruits and vegetables, as well as cereals and pasta based on durum wheat. An indicator such as muscle strength most directly depends on the intake of protein from food. By the way, the optimal sources of these should be considered all lean types of fish, as well as meat and poultry, as well as low-fat fermented milk and dairy products. Flexibility in the body can be effectively maintained through a liquid diet. Since all skaters put themselves at risk of falling during any training, and this, in turn, can cause fractures or sprains, they now and then have to enrich their diet with foods that contain calcium. By the way, this element not only significantly strengthens bone tissue, but also stimulates the conduction of all nerve impulses. The main sources of calcium are all kinds of dairy products and some types of nuts.

Diet for figure skaters - the right system

Diet is also of great importance. So, all skaters eat fairly small portions, but quite often. Coaches really insist that their players eat at least a couple of hours before the start of training. Then the digestion process will not interfere with their full activities. These are general guidelines only. In fact, for each specific athlete, the diet and nutrition regimen are compiled individually, then factors such as gender and age, as well as the direction of their training process, are taken into account as much as possible.

Extreme variation of the dietary system

Diet for figure skaters - sample menu

In addition to the main one, there is also an extreme version of this diet. It allows you to adjust your weight immediately before performances. This is a quick diet that is designed for good results. Most likely, it does not cause much delight either among coaches, or among professional athletes themselves, and, especially, among nutritionists. But its effectiveness in terms of weight loss is beyond any doubt.

Menu for this diet

After waking up, you should drink a glass of still mineral water.

Breakfast consists of 1/2 cup bran. Can be consumed pure or with kelp. You also need to drink 500 grams of unsweetened green tea

Second breakfast consists of a couple of green apples

Lunch includes 2 rye crackers with a glass of low-fat kefir

The snack consists of a large orange and 100 grams of low-fat cottage cheese

For an afternoon snack, you can eat 4 grains, preferably buckwheat, and drink 1 glass of unsweetened black tea

The snack consists of low-fat cottage cheese, the portion of which should not exceed 100 grams

Dinner should include boiled beef or white poultry. The volume of meat is 100 grams. To make the diet easier, the next day you can replace it with 2 boiled eggs

Diet for skaters - menu

The duration of such a diet should not be more than two to three weeks. The weight loss in this case is approximately 15-20 kilograms.

Diet for figure skaters - results

The diet of figure skaters in its first version does not cause any particular complaints, which definitely cannot be said about the extreme version of it, because it provokes excessively rapid weight loss. A quick result is not always good.

How not to fail on a diet - video

It is impossible to achieve success in figure skating if you are overweight. But the specifics of this sport require a huge amount of energy, so a balanced and nutritious diet is necessary for athletes.

How do figure skaters eat? Do they have a special diet and what does it include?

Organization of figure skaters' diet

According to trainers working with figure skaters, extra pounds appear due to improper distribution of nutrients. A skater must not only be physically tough and have well-developed muscles, but also be flexible and flexible.

Skaters get carbohydrates for endurance from fruits, vegetables, cereals and pasta made from durum wheat. Proteins give strength to muscles. They are found in lean varieties of fish, meat and poultry, low-fat fermented milk and dairy products. A liquid diet maintains the flexibility of the body, and foods high in calcium strengthen bone tissue and stimulate the conduction of nerve impulses. Therefore, soups, nuts and dairy products must be included in the diet of athletes.

The composition of the diet and its quantity are certainly important. But the diet is no less important. Skaters eat often, but in small portions, and at the request of coaches, lunch should be two hours before the start of training, so that digestion does not interfere with classes. For each athlete, the diet is compiled individually, taking into account gender, age, direction of the training process and other factors.

And yet there are cases when, before a performance, an athlete’s weight exceeds the permissible values. In this case, an extreme diet is used, which, of course, is not approved by either trainers or professional nutritionists. However, it is very effective.

Getting out of bed after sleep, you need to drink 250 ml of mineral water. It should be without gas.
For breakfast you are allowed to eat two glasses of pure bran. You can add kelp to them. Drink 500 ml of green tea without sugar.
The second breakfast menu consists of only two green apples.
Lunch consists of two rye crackers, 250 ml of kefir, low-fat only.
Before afternoon snack, you can snack on a large orange and 100 grams of low-fat cottage cheese.
The afternoon snack menu consists of four grain breads (preferably buckwheat), 250 ml of black tea without sugar.
Before dinner, you can have a snack with 100 grams of low-fat cottage cheese.
Dinner can consist of 100 grams of boiled beef or white poultry or two boiled eggs.

In two to three weeks of such a diet, you can get rid of 15-20 kilograms of excess weight, but losing it quickly can have a negative impact on your health, so it is better to be prudent and lose weight gradually.