What is the best time to open a deposit? Long-term relationship: for how long is it best to open a deposit. What is a deposit

A term deposit, unlike a termless deposit, is kept in the bank for a certain period, after which it is returned to the depositor along with interest. It can be an investment for 2 months or several years. However, withdrawals ahead of time not allowed. Such deposits are less convenient due to limited account management, but more profitable than demand deposits. Rates on term deposits are much higher than on perpetual deposits.

Term deposits are divided into:

• cumulative, which can be replenished;
• savings, not subject to replenishment.

An example of a savings deposit is a refillable deposit. It is placed for a specific period with a predetermined initial amount. This is a good solution for saving money for a large purchase. By choosing a long-term period, you can get 10 percent per month or more for a deposit.

Term deposits also include an indexed deposit. It is a structural product (profitability depends on several factors: stock prices, index changes, options, etc.) and is distinguished by the presence of risk. This makes it possible to receive 20% per month for short-term deposits, but does not guarantee this. The scheme of work of such a contribution is as follows:

• the profitable part of the deposit is tied to the prices of shares, goods or stock indices;
• if at the end of the investment period the yield does not change or falls, the deposit amount is returned to the client and the minimum percentage is added (about 1% per annum, as for a termless deposit);
• if the indicators equated to profitability have increased, the client receives additional income along with the deposit amount.

A metal account can also be a term deposit. Its difference lies in the fact that instead of money, the deposit is placed in the form of precious metals (silver, gold, platinum or palladium). These can be short-term deposits for 8 months or for a longer period.

No matter how long the deposit is opened, even if it is less than a year, its rate is declared in annual percentage. You can calculate interest on a term deposit in the following way:

1. Citizen Petrova, having received money in the amount of 150,000 rubles from the sale of the car, made a deposit for 9 months at 11 percent per annum.
2. 1 percent of 150,000 rubles. = 1500 rubles.
3. 11 percent, respectively = 16,500 rubles.
4. For a year, citizen Petrova would receive 16,500 rubles. by deposit.
5. For 9 months she will receive: 12375 rubles: 16500 rubles. you need to divide by 12 months and multiply by 9 months (16500/12 * 9 \u003d 12375 rubles).

But since banks basically determine the term of the deposit by the number of days (the same period is also determined in the contract), it is more correct to consider this:

• 9 months (from April to December inclusive) have 275 days;
• 11 percent per annum from the amount of 16,500 rubles. - this is 45.2 rubles. per day (16500/365);
• multiplying 275 days by 45.2 rubles, it turns out 12430 rubles.

Online services are a very convenient tool for calculating the profitability of a term deposit. For example, using an online calculator, you can quickly, within a few minutes, calculate the amount of profit. It makes it possible to get the most advantageous offers from banks, taking into account the region or other requirements. To do this, you need to enter in the appropriate fields of the calculator the amount of the deposit, its term and, if necessary, additional features:

• the presence of capitalization;
• the possibility of replenishment;
• currency type.

There are online services that provide up-to-date and up-to-date information on interest rates, deposit programs and other time deposit data. Attention should also be paid to regularly compiled ratings for Russian banks and the financial products they provide.

When choosing a bank, you need to take into account several points and study the deposit agreement very carefully. The profitability and profitability of a deposit is not always determined by a high rate.

Favorable conditions are:

• the possibility of placing funds in different currencies at the same time;
• low down payment;
• profitable for the client and at the same time the average market interest rate (for short-term periods, this is mainly a contribution of 5% per month, no more);
• the ability to replenish the deposit and choose its expiration date;
• the presence of capitalization;
• partial withdrawal.

A very important factor is deposit insurance. This allows you to return the money invested in the event of a bank failure.

It will not work in banks to get the maximum profit from available funds by making a deposit of 15% per month or a deposit at 20% per month. Only microfinance organizations specializing in providing urgent loans to the population can afford such rates. Because interest on payday loans is calculated for each day, such institutions can receive up to 300% per annum or more.

However, the placement of term deposits in microfinance companies has its limitations. So, the minimum investment amount they have is very significant, and amounts to about 1.5 million rubles. Although the rates of such organizations are high, the conditions for deposits are quite strict. On average, in order to make a deposit at 15% per month, you will need to deposit an amount of at least 1.5 million rubles. for a period of 2 years.

• When making a term deposit, find out if capitalization is carried out on it. For short-term deposits, for example, a deposit for 4 months or less, it is desirable that it be daily.
• When making a multi-currency deposit, it should be taken into account that interest is charged by banks on all convertible transactions. And since the exchange rate is different in different banks, the percentage, respectively, will also be different.
• Despite the fact that many domestic banks are insured, it is better to check the availability of deposit insurance in a particular credit institution. The bank's reliability is enhanced by its partnership with the DIA (Deposit Insurance Agency).

Most Russians, who are far from the financial sector and do not have money management skills, prefer to trust their savings to banks. If the banks are reliable, then the money will not only be preserved, but will also increase. Moreover, in the competition for depositors, banks today offer very, very attractive conditions for increasing capital.

You can open deposits for various periods and on various conditions. You can place your funds in the bank for up to a year by opening a short-term deposit, or for a longer period - a long-term deposit. Of course, it is more profitable for banks to receive money for a long period, respectively, and the conditions for clients opening a long-term deposit are better. For example, depending on whether you invested money for three months or three years, interest rates on the same deposit will be different.

The same amount of money, say, 10 thousand rubles, will bring you an income of about 6% if you invest for 92 days and about 10% if you invest for three years. Of course, the higher the amount of money invested, the higher interest rates offered by banks. Moreover, lending institutions are developing many attractive bonus programs that encourage the opening of long-term deposits. Interest capitalization is also offered, when they are accrued every month and added to the deposit amount, as a result of which the deposit amount is constantly increasing, and interest is accrued on the increased amount. Banks that open long-term deposits often offer such a service as lending against this deposit. In other words, the conditions offered by banks for long-term deposits are always more favorable than for short-term deposits. And even such a significant drawback of long-term deposits as the inability to withdraw money before the expiration date specified when opening a deposit (otherwise it is fraught with loss of interest and penalties), is gradually eradicated - more and more banks are moving away from this scheme, offering customers more loyal conditions with opportunity to withdraw money early.

It turns out that if you can afford to "forget" about a certain amount of money for several years, then you have the most reason to open a long-term deposit - the conditions for it are always more favorable. But for some reason, Russians do not really like such long-term deposits, preferring to trust banks with their savings for a maximum of a year. What is the reason?

Of course, the factor of uncertainty in the future is triggered - there is no certainty that suddenly in a year or two there will be no need for this money. But not only this moment worries our compatriots. More important, as it turns out, for them is not so much the factor of uncertainty about their own stability, but the doubt about the stability of the Russian economy and the reliability of banks. Seriously alarmed the Russians and a number of revocations of licenses from banks in recent years. Many began to doubt the reliability of the Russian banking system. This is especially true for deposits. Isn't it risky to make long-term deposits, and isn't it better to choose short-term ones? With these questions, we turned to the experts.

“I see no reason to doubt the reliability of the banking system as a whole,” Dmitry Fedenkov, head of the analytical department of Nordea Bank, comments on the situation. - One can doubt (and sometimes not without reason) the reliability of its individual participants ... If we talk about the preference for short-term or long-term deposits, then according to the theory, of course, with an increase in terms, uncertainty and, accordingly, risks increase. But if we consider the deposits of individuals, we, of course, a priori do not count on the bankruptcy of the bank to which we entrusted our savings, but the presence of such a structure as the DIA reduces the uncertainty that we spoke about, almost to zero, regardless of the term of the deposit. Taking into account the current volume of the fund’s resources, the legally prescribed possibility of providing the DIA with funds from the Bank of Russia and / or additional capitalization, I see no reason to doubt its viability in the event of insured event whenever this event occurs."

Emma Ponomareva, director of retail operations at Investtorgbank, finds it expedient to open long-term deposits with the possibility of early termination on terms acceptable to depositors. “In the current situation, many banks have already entered the market with offers of short-term deposits, but these deposits fix good returns, usually for short periods (3-6 months). At the same time, placing funds on long-term deposits, the rates for which are almost always higher, guarantees high profitability over the entire long term of the deposit,” the expert explains, noting that the state in any case guarantees the safety of deposits of individuals up to 700 thousand . rub. in those banks that participate in the deposit insurance system. In addition, Emma Ponomareva draws the attention of depositors to the fact that the Deposit Insurance Agency, in the event of an insured event, pays not only the amount of the deposit, but also the accrued interest on it.

“On short-term deposits, generally lower interest rates are offered, which, if we are talking about large federal banks, are often even lower than inflation, so they may be of interest only as tools for saving money, and even then with reservations,” says the investment holding analyst "Finam" Anton Soroko. - It seems to me that short-term deposits (up to six months) are in low demand due to the reasons mentioned above. Both short-term and long-term deposits are insured by the DIA, so the risks for them are the same. If the depositor thinks that his bank will soon be closed, then, having withdrawn his money, he will lose all the accumulated interest (with capitalization at the end of the term), so I don’t see much difference in such a situation between investments.”

But the expert of BCS Premier bank Anton Shabanov, assuring that the revocation of licenses from banks and the long-term investment in deposits are in no way interconnected (after all, all deposits are insured, regardless of their duration, up to 700 thousand rubles), gives a couple of good practical advice : “Choose deposits for yourself with a monthly capitalization of interest to the body of the deposit and invest in each bank no more than 600 thousand rubles. Thus, if you make a deposit for a year, and the bank closes five months after the deposit, you will definitely lose almost nothing. Indeed, during these five months, interest has already been credited to your deposit five times, and since the amount is less than 700 thousand rubles, you will receive both your initial investment and interest for five months. If you chose a deposit with a single capitalization at the end of the deposit term (the majority of such deposits), then you would receive back only 600 thousand rubles, and your interest for five months would most likely simply burn out.

Thus, all experts agree that any bank deposits, not exceeding 700 thousand rubles, nothing threatens, which means that you can safely invest your capital by opening not only a short-term, but also a long-term deposit. If the Central Bank revokes a bank's license, then depositors receive compensation from the Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA) within two weeks, which is paid through a large stable agent bank. Most importantly, make sure that the size of your account does not exceed the indicated amount, otherwise redistribute your capital to several banks. Each depositor is returned his funds in the bank and interest on them, accrued before the license was revoked from the bank, in a total amount of not more than 700 thousand rubles. Such guarantees are given to us by the state.

Big money attracts even more money. Many people think so. However, any additional cash that is not expected to be used in the near future can be considered capital and is worth trying to make it work for you. Money should not lie, they are obliged to bring income to their owner.

There are many ways to invest money. But most Russians are far from financial analytics, and have no idea how to properly dispose of excess money. What to do in this case? Yes, the same thing that we always do when we ourselves cannot cope with a problem. We need to turn to professionals. In the financial market, professionals are, first of all, banks. Bank specialists know exactly how to make money. This is their profession. They monitor the situation in the financial sector and make investments in such a way as to get the maximum profit. Therefore, it would be prudent for a novice investor to make a deposit in a bank that can not only save money, but also increase it.

There are many banks in the market today. All of them compete with each other for clients and offer various types of deposits. The depositor chooses a suitable deposit, depending on how long he would like to place the money. There are short-term deposits, when money is invested for a short period of time, and long-term deposits, when funds are placed for a period of a year or more.

High percent

Banks are interested in attracting money for longer periods, and therefore the conditions for such deposits are better than for short-term loans. The bank, using capital for a long time, receives more income from this, therefore, in turn, it is ready to pay a higher rate to depositors on long-term deposits.

Interest capitalization

In addition, banking institutions offer depositors who open long-term deposits various bonuses. The vast majority of such deposits have interest capitalization. That is, the accumulated interest for the month is automatically added to the deposit, and from the next month, interest is accrued on the total increased amount.

Opportunity to take out a loan

For depositors with long-term deposits, banks are willing to meet and open a loan on preferential terms, without requiring unnecessary documents and third-party guarantees. That is, the depositor receives a double benefit both from the deposit and from the opportunity to use credit money.

Possibility to withdraw the deposit or part of the deposit

Many banks, under the influence of competition, are moving away from the principle that a long-term loan is issued without the right to withdraw it before the date specified in the contract. Most long-term deposits now offer the possibility of early withdrawal, which guarantees the peace of mind of the depositor, who is entitled to withdraw his money, in case of personal need or instability in the exchange rate.

Deposit insurance provided

At this stage, Russians give preference to short-term deposits. There is uncertainty in the stability of the banks and in the further efficiency of the state economy. It is always easier to make a forecast for a short period of time than for a long term. However, not everyone is so pessimistic. In the next two years, of course, negative aspects will appear in the country, such as growth, a slowdown in economic growth. But, despite this, you can not worry about the bankruptcy of banks. Almost all Russian banks are included in the system. When the bank is closed, the Deposit Insurance Agency will return to the depositor the entire deposit and interest on the deposit. The return will lie down as contributions to Russian rubles, as well as in currency. There is a limit on the amount of the return of the deposit, no more than 700 thousand rubles. However, this trouble can be easily circumvented by splitting a large amount of money and placing it in parts in various banks.

Experts advise choose the term of the deposit depending on the growth rate of rates. If there is a steady increase in deposit rates on the market, then it is better to choose a short-term deposit. As rates move down, it is better to choose a long-term investment to receive higher interest over a longer period. In the current situation, experts recommend deposits for a period of one year.

Most citizens make deposits in various banks for a certain period of time. And, for example, current accounts are more suitable for companies and organizations that use it to make money transactions. The depositor, entrusting his funds to the bank, hopes not only to save them, but also to increase them, so they conclude an agreement on a term deposit, because the interest on such a deposit is much higher than on a simple one, and you can return it at any time without any losses.

What deposits do Russian banks offer?

Term deposits, as a rule, are opened for a strictly defined time - at least 1 month (however, such "short" deposits are now offered by very few banks, most have a minimum deposit period of 3 to 6 months), for a maximum of several years. The interest rate on such a deposit directly depends on how long the money will be in the bank, that is, the longer the term of the agreement, the more profit the deposit will bring. Basically, the rate for ruble deposits is now 6-11% per annum and 3-7% for deposits in other currencies.

If you have made a term deposit to the bank, this does not mean that it will be possible to withdraw money only after the expiration of the contract. Each bank, according to the existing Civil Code, is obliged to return to the depositor all the funds at his request, regardless of how much time is left before the expiration of the deposit. In this case, not only the bank suffers losses, but also the depositor himself, because early withdrawal of funds entails a loss of interest. This can also happen when the termination of the contract is made literally a couple of days before its end. Thus, the investor can receive only 0.1% per annum instead of the required 8-11%.

If the depositor did not have time or could not withdraw his deposit at the end of the term of the agreement, the bank has the right to extend the term of the deposit. In this case, the interest rate of the deposit is set according to the tariff in force in the bank at the time of the “renegotiation” of the agreement.

What is the optimal deposit term?

However, the question has not yet been answered: for what period is it better to open a deposit in a bank in order to get the maximum profit and avoid various troubles (for example, those associated with lowering the rate during early withdrawal of funds, and so on)?

To get an answer to this question, it is necessary, first of all, to determine the purpose for which the money will be spent. Thus, if you plan to buy an apartment in a year, then it is better to make a contribution for a year. However, most often, depositors deposit their funds in the bank for their savings. In this case, you will have to choose between short-term and long-term deposits. The first allows you to more freely dispose of the invested funds, and the second will bring more income. Of course, you will have to resolve this issue on your own, but in any case, it is not recommended to make deposits for too little time (a month), as well as for a very long time (more than a year).

It should be borne in mind that making a deposit for a short period will not be a very profitable event, especially if the amount is not too large. But opening a deposit for a longer period may also not bring tangible profits, since no one knows what can happen in our country in a couple of years. What level will inflation reach and will it not “eat up” all the hard-earned savings?

That is why it is better to follow the old, but proven rule of the golden mean - to conclude contracts for a period of 3 to 12 months, in other words, to make deposits for a certain period.

Do not forget that the possibilities of investing money are not limited to bank deposits alone. If you want to make a contribution for a short period of time and at the same time want to actively manage the invested funds, then it is worth spending your money on acquiring a share or share investment fund. But if you are planning to make a long-term investment, then it is worth investing in government bonds or precious metals.