Types of sexual diseases. Treatment of sexually transmitted infections. Treatment in our clinic

Every person wants to live their life brightly and interestingly. But many don’t even want to think about the consequences. A stormy and active sex life can often “give” a lot of unpleasant surprises.
Currently, scientists know more than 20 types of STDs of various types. If we remember the distant 70s, our parents had information about only two diseases that were transmitted “through the bed.”
Viruses can be divided into:

• Incurable
• Curable

Scientists around the world are trying to create drugs and antibiotics to cure these diseases, but many remain “killer”. Almost half of the people who contracted the disease through sexual intercourse were under 30 years of age.
The seven most dangerous sexually transmitted diseases

Immunodeficiency of the body, the last, fatal stage of this disease is called AIDS. Viruses in the body can develop in a latent form, more slowly or rapidly. The body exhibits tumors and multifocal infections caused by protozoan bacteria and fungi. They may not affect a healthy person, but they are deadly for someone infected with HIV.

A healthy person has a strong immune system; a sick body has a weakened immune system that is unable to fight infection. AIDS cannot be cured. It is possible to support the immune system with special drugs and medications, but the cost of such treatment is very high. Routes of transmission: through unprotected sexual intercourse, through blood and syringes, in some cases from mother to child.

An STD that is caused by the microorganism Triponema pallidum. A person with syphilis does not even know about his illness for the first month. The incubation period of the virus is about 30-35 days. The disease manifests itself on the skin in the form of eczema, spots, and purulent wounds. Further, it affects internal organs, mucous membranes, nervous system and bones.

Chlamydia

Today it is the most common disease. The causative agent of the infection is the intracellular organism chlamydia. You can become infected with this disease in several ways: unprotected sexual intercourse (instantly), through a towel and bed linen of the patient (using secretions), during childbirth from mother to baby.

A sign of chlamydia: abundant unpleasant purulent discharge from the genital tract appears, sharp pain in the lower abdomen, pain and cramping in the vagina may be accompanied by short-term and heavy bleeding. Many of the patients who have had chlamydia remain infertile.

This disease can provoke and develop the following diseases: the appearance of atherosclerosis, bone destruction, pain in the spine, vascular diseases of varying complexity, diabetes mellitus, deterioration and loss of vision.

The causative agent of the disease is a dangerous microorganism, gonococcus. Signs of the disease in men appear on the 4th day after infection. This disease can be recognized by a sharp pain during urination. The external opening is covered with a dense film of mucus and pus. In women: on the 5th day you can see unpleasant mucus with pus in the vagina.

Heaviness and aching pain appears in the lower back and lower abdomen. Many women may experience intermenstrual, light discharge and bleeding. If left untreated and not examined, gonorrhea can lead to inflammation of the uterus, appendages, and infertility.

Grip can be transmitted not only through sexual contact, but also through personal items (bed linen, dishes, cutlery, towels, underwear, toothbrush, washcloth).

Doctors call this disease “type 2 herpes.” This serious viral disease affects the entire body. The inflammatory process begins on the lips, then spreads to all other mucous membranes. Very often, with this disease, immunity decreases. The disease instantly spreads to the genitals, eyes, intestines, liver and even the brain. This virus does not develop rapidly and cannot be removed from the body. Routes of transmission: during sexual intercourse, through contact with affected areas of the skin of the hands and lips.

Ureaplasmosis

The carriers are ureaplasma. Symptoms of the disease are subtle, develop slowly, and are hidden. Many carriers of this virus may not take their illness seriously. Under stress and decreased immunity, the virus begins to “work” faster. Ureaplasma can disrupt sperm activity.

This disease is very dangerous for pregnant women. Many doctors suggest getting rid of the fetus. The incubation period of the virus is from one to two months. Signs of a urinary infection: a slight burning sensation when urinating, white or clear discharge, inflammation of the genital organs, pain during sex.

A dangerous disease for all humanity. Every year, 3 million people worldwide fall ill with this virus. This virus is the most resistant to the external environment. The virus persists on a dried blood stain, on a razor blade, or on a needle for up to 10 days.
At the first stage of development of the virus, it can be compared to the mild stage of acute respiratory infections. After a couple of days, the infected person loses appetite, lacks strength, lethargy, joint pain, headache, urine becomes dark in color, signs of nausea and vomiting appear.

The chronic course of the disease is characterized by: pain in the right hypochondrium, enlarged liver, skin itching, change in body cover to a more unnatural color (yellow). In the chronic form of Hepatitis B, it is necessary to strictly follow all doctor’s instructions, follow a special diet, and give up tobacco and alcohol.

Unprotected sexual intercourse – 80% that infection will occur instantly. Random unprotected (oral, anal) relationships entail dire consequences. Prevention of this kind of disease can only be done through careful and protected sexual intercourse. Washing the genitals with water or interrupting sexual intercourse cannot be protection against STDs. The absence of symptoms of illness does not mean your partner is completely healthy. Trust but verify your partner.

Thank you

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!

What are sexually transmitted infections? When did they appear?

In medical scientific literature under the term sexually transmitted infections understand a set of infectious diseases that affect the organs of the male and female reproductive system and parts of the urinary tract (urethra, ureter, bladder).

As can be seen from the definition, we are talking exclusively about infectious diseases that are caused by a specific pathogen - some pathogenic microorganism that affects the genitourinary organs of both men and women. Quite a large group of sexual infections includes a list of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) that affect the same organs. Sexually transmitted infections are synonymous with sexually transmitted diseases.

However, a significant difference between the group of STDs and all sexually transmitted infections is that the latter can be transmitted not only sexually, but also through contact, and affect other organs and systems except the urinary system (for example, liver, immunity).

Therefore, quite often sexually transmitted infections mean exclusively a group of sexually transmitted diseases, which is not entirely true. The list of sexually transmitted infections is quite wide, and the causative agent of the disease can be transmitted both through sexual contact and through everyday contact (for example, lack of personal hygiene, neglect of sterility rules in medical institutions, injuries, etc.).

It is impossible to accurately determine the time of occurrence of sexually transmitted infections. However, they have been known since ancient times - doctors from China, Rome, Greece, Egypt and India described various manifestations of this type of disease. Africa is considered the birthplace of many sexually transmitted infections, where microorganisms that are genetically and morphologically similar to pathogenic pathogens are found in the wild.

Pathogens of sexually transmitted infections – pathogenic and opportunistic
microorganisms

The causative agent of a sexually transmitted infection can be a pathogenic or opportunistic microorganism. What does it mean?
A pathogenic microorganism is never normally found in the microflora of a particular human organ, and when it enters the body it causes the development of an infectious-inflammatory process with the characteristics characteristic of this pathogen. The main pathogenic microorganisms that cause the development of sexually transmitted infections include:

• Treponema pallidum (Treponema pallidum) is the causative agent of syphilis;
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhea;
• Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis (trichomoniasis);
• Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) is the causative agent of chlamydia;
• Herpes virus (Human herpesvirus);
• Human papillomavirus (HPV - Human Papillomavirus) is the causative agent of papillomas, condylomas, and cervical erosion.

We have listed only a number of the main pathogenic microorganisms that can cause sexually transmitted infections. All pathogenic microorganisms can be transmitted sexually, but some of them also have a contact route of spread.

The pathogen affects various organs of the reproductive system in women and men, always causing an inflammatory process. It should be remembered that a sexually transmitted infection is characterized by the fact that there is a certain pathogen (pathogenic microorganism) that penetrates the mucous membrane of various organs of the reproductive system, causing inflammation of the latter. This inflammatory process can occur in different ways, depending on the state of the immune system, the presence of other infections, etc. In order not to write a diagnosis, for example, “gonorrheal urethritis”, “gonorrheal vaginitis” or “gonorrheal adnexitis”, doctors decided to call the disease simply gonorrhea, specifying the affected organ (for example, gonorrhea, urethritis, etc.). The same is done in the case of other sexually transmitted infections - that is, they indicate the name of the disease as the main diagnosis and specify which organ is affected.

It should be remembered that sexually transmitted infections can affect several organs of the genitourinary tract at the same time. Or damage to one organ develops first, and then others become involved. In this case, we are talking about the generalization of the pathological process (complication), that is, the involvement of other organs in the inflammatory reaction.

Based on the organs affected, all genital infections can be divided into female and male. Thus, the following nosologies caused by a sexually transmitted infection can be classified as purely “male” pathologies:
1. Inflammation of the penis (for example, balanitis, balanoposthitis).
2. Inflammation of the prostate gland.

The following diseases caused by pathogens of sexually transmitted infections are purely “female”:
1. Inflammation of the ovaries.
2. Inflammation of the uterus.
3. Inflammation of the fallopian tubes.
4. Inflammation of the cervix.
5. Inflammation of the vagina (vaginitis).

Urethritis (inflammation of the urethra), cystitis (inflammation of the bladder), as well as inflammation of the kidneys or ureters are universal diseases that, when infected with a sexually transmitted infection, equally often affect both men and women.

Inflammatory foci of sexually transmitted infections can be located in the mouth, vagina, urethra, anus, rectum or perineal area, in both men and women. In this situation, the location of the inflammatory focus depends on the type of contact that resulted in the infection. For example, oral sex can lead to the development of oral gonorrhea, and anal intercourse, accordingly, will cause gonorrhea of ​​the anus or rectum, etc.

Urogenital infections - general characteristics

The term "genitourinary infections" is often used as a synonym for sexually transmitted infections. However, experts distinguish between these concepts. The term genitourinary infections refers to inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract of men and women caused by a sexually transmitted infection. Urogenital infections include cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis and a number of other, more rare pathologies. In all cases, genitourinary infections are caused by a pathogenic microorganism that has invaded these organs, forming inflammation.

Almost any sexually transmitted infection is combined with a genitourinary infection, since urethritis is one of the main and most common signs of the development of STDs. Infection of the urinary organs with pathogens of sexually transmitted infections occurs due to their anatomical proximity. Thus, the urethra (urethra) is located next to the vagina in women and the vas deferens in men.

Urethritis in men is a more difficult condition to treat than in women because the length of the duct is much longer. Thus, the length of the male urethra is 12-15 cm, and the female urethra is only 4-5 cm. In this situation, urethritis in women is easier to cure, but the risk of complications is also higher, since the pathogen needs to travel a short distance to pass to other organs. In men, urethritis is more difficult to cure, but the risk and rate of development of complications is somewhat lower, since the pathogen must travel a considerable distance to other organs.

General symptoms of all sexually transmitted infections

Of course, each sexually transmitted infection has its own characteristics, but all diseases in this group are characterized by a number of common symptoms. So, if you have the following signs, you can suspect infection with any sexually transmitted infection:

• discharge from the genitals that differs from normal (for example, copious, foamy, with a strong odor, unusual color, etc.);
• itching sensation in the genital and urinary organs;
• burning and pain in the genital and urinary organs;
• cloudy urine, change in the amount of urine, etc.;
• pus, leukocytes, epithelium, casts or red blood cells in a general urine test;
• feeling of discomfort in the lower abdomen (pulling pain, aching sensation, etc.);
• pain during sexual intercourse;
• enlargement of lymph nodes, primarily inguinal;
• development of various lesions on the skin - spots, pustules, blisters, ulcers, etc.

Routes of infection

Since pathogens of sexually transmitted infections are not adapted to life in natural conditions, their transmission from one person to another is possible only through direct contact. Infection most often occurs through unprotected sexual contact, from a sick person to a healthy one. Infection occurs during any type of sexual contact - vaginal, oral or anal. It should be remembered that the use of various erotic devices (dildos, etc.) during sexual intercourse with a sick person also leads to infection.

In addition to sexual transmission, the pathogen can be transmitted through close household contact, or through contaminated instruments. For example, papillomavirus or trichomonas can be transmitted by sharing towels, sponges and other hygiene items. A scabies mite or pubic louse infects a healthy person simply through everyday contact with a sick person, through bedding, door handles, etc. A number of sexually transmitted infections can be transmitted from sick mother or father to child, for example, during childbirth.

A separate group of transmission routes for sexually transmitted infections are non-sterile medical instruments. In this case, the pathogen is transferred when the instrument is used first on an infected person, and then, without proper treatment, on a healthy one. AIDS and hepatitis can be transmitted through the transfusion of contaminated donor blood that has not been properly tested.

Can sexually transmitted infections be transmitted through oral sex - video

What tests can detect sexually transmitted infections?

Today, there is a wide range of different laboratory methods that make it possible to accurately determine the presence or absence of sexually transmitted infections, as well as the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to medications. So, sexually transmitted infections can be detected using the following tests:

• rapid test;
• bacteriological method;
• microscopy of a smear taken from the genitourinary organs;
• immune fluorescence reaction (IF);
• enzyme immunoassay (ELISA);
• serological method;
• ligase chain reaction;
• polymerase chain reaction;
• provocative tests.

Rapid tests can be used in emergency cases, when it is necessary to urgently determine the presence or absence of a sexually transmitted infection (for example, before surgery, etc.). These tests are similar to those used to determine pregnancy. However, the accuracy and sensitivity of rapid tests is low, so they cannot be used for full diagnosis.

A smear of genitourinary secretions can be performed quickly, but its reliability is determined by the qualifications of the laboratory technician and the correctness of the biological sample taken.

Enzyme immunoassay, immune fluorescence reaction, and serological method have a fairly high sensitivity, but the reliability of the results obtained depends on the type of pathogenic agent and the level of the laboratory. Some infections can be diagnosed very accurately using these methods, but for detecting other sexual diseases they lack sensitivity and specificity.

The most accurate, sensitive and specific methods for detecting any sexually transmitted infection are bacteriological culture on the medium and molecular genetic tests - ligase or polymerase chain reaction (LCR or PCR).

Provocative tests are carried out specifically to identify hidden chronic sexually transmitted infections. In this case, chemicals or food intake cause a short-term stimulation of the immune system, biological material is taken and the pathogen is determined using culture on a medium or polymerase chain reaction.

Principles of prevention

Taking into account the routes of transmission of pathogens of sexually transmitted infections, the basic principles of preventing these diseases are the following:

• use of condoms (male and female);
• the use of various topical agents that destroy the pathogen after unprotected sexual intercourse;
• regular testing for sexually transmitted infections;
• correct and effective treatment with subsequent monitoring when a sexually transmitted infection is detected;
• identification and treatment of sexual partners;
• sexual rest during the treatment period;
• informing your partner about existing sexually transmitted infections;
• use of vaccines against hepatitis and human papillomavirus;
• compliance with the rules of personal hygiene (availability of a personal towel, sponge, soap, razor, etc.).

Drugs for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections

Today, pharmacology can provide a wide range of drugs that are used to treat sexually transmitted infections. The main groups of medications effective in the treatment of sexually transmitted infections:
1. Antibiotics:

• systemic quinolones;
• aminoglycosides;

2. Antiviral drugs:

• vamciclovir;
• alpizarin;
• Gossypol ointments;
• Megasyn;
• Bonafton;
• Alpizarin, etc.

3. Antifungal drugs:

• 
  Remember that when a sexually transmitted infection is detected in a man or woman, it is imperative to examine and, if necessary, treat the sexual partner.

  Which doctor will help diagnose and treat sexually transmitted infections?

  If a person suspects that they have a sexually transmitted infection, they should immediately contact a specialist who will conduct a qualified diagnosis and prescribe correct and effective treatment. So, if signs appear that presumably indicate a sexually transmitted infection, you should contact the following specialists:
  1. Gynecologist (for women).
  2. Urologist (for men and women).
  3. Venereologist (for men and women).

  Sexual infections and reproductive capacity

  Any sexually transmitted infection affects the key organs for childbirth and conception, both men and women. Depending on the organ affected, the state of immunity, the course of the infection and the individual characteristics of the man or woman, pregnancy may occur against the background of a chronic disease. If a woman has a chronic sexually transmitted infection, then after pregnancy her course will be unfavorable, the risk of deformities in the unborn child increases, the threat of miscarriage and premature birth develops, as well as other complications. If a man suffers from a chronic sexually transmitted infection, but after sexual contact with a woman she becomes pregnant, then in this situation the partner receives a “fresh” infection with a high risk of intrauterine infection of the fetus, or early miscarriage.

  A woman suffering from a sexually transmitted infection that was not treated before or during pregnancy puts her child and herself at risk during childbirth. During childbirth, a child can be infected while passing through the genital tract. Inflamed tissues of the birth canal are poorly distensible, which leads to ruptures during childbirth, and this contributes to the penetration of pathogenic pathogens into the blood and the development of generalized inflammation with the threat of death or other complications. Sutures placed on inflammatory tissues heal poorly, fester, etc.

  A man suffering from a chronic sexually transmitted infection can infect his pregnant partner, which is also unfavorable for the development of the unborn child and the course of labor.

  Prolonged or massive course of sexually transmitted infection in a man or woman often leads to infertility caused by chronic inflammation, which prevents the normal course of the fertilization process, and the subsequent implantation of the embryo into the wall of the uterus. It should be remembered that sexually transmitted infections in both men and women can lead to infertility. In the vast majority of cases, to restore the ability to reproduce, it is enough to treat an existing sexually transmitted infection and take a course of vitamins in combination with proper nutrition and general strengthening measures.

  Legal liability for contracting sexually transmitted infections

  The Russian Federation establishes criminal liability for intentionally infecting someone with sexually transmitted diseases. The method of infection in this case is not taken into account. Deliberate infection with sexually transmitted infections refers to two types of actions:
  1. Active action.
  2. Criminal omission.

  By active action, lawyers mean a deliberate refusal to use condoms, drinking together or eating from the same container, etc. That is, active actions aimed at close contact, during which the causative agent of a sexually transmitted infection will be transmitted to a partner with a high degree of probability. By criminal inaction, lawyers understand silence and failure to warn a sexual partner about an existing sexually transmitted infection.

  Before use, you should consult a specialist.

Intimate relationships are one of the integral spheres of life of almost any sexually mature person of fertile age. With a responsible attitude, compliance with hygiene standards and the use of reliable methods of contraception, unpleasant “surprises” can be avoided.

The simplest and most accessible means of preventing any problems is condoms. In addition to unplanned pregnancy, they will reliably protect against many sexually transmitted diseases. If risky behavior leads to infection, drug treatment (sometimes long-term) cannot be avoided.

What are sexually transmitted diseases

This term refers to a group of infections transmitted from a carrier to a sexual partner during coitus. These diseases are part of the concept of “sexually transmitted diseases (or infections)” - STDs or STIs, respectively. A broader definition includes not only lesions of the reproductive system caused by pathogenic bacteria and fungi, but also AIDS, human papillomavirus, scabies, lice pubis and others.

STDs can not only be contracted through sexual contact. Infection can be carried out by contact, parenterally, or vertically.

The approach to treatment depends on the causative agent of the infection. For example, viral diseases require treatment with antiviral drugs, fungal infections are treated with fungicidal agents, and bacterial diseases with antibiotics.

Antibiotics for sexually transmitted infections

The most well-known sexually transmitted diseases are gonorrhea and syphilis. In addition to them, this group includes chancroid, inguinal granuloma, urogenital trichomoniasis, lymphogranuloma venereum, chlamydia, etc. All of the listed pathologies are amenable to antibiotic therapy, but require prior consultation with a dermatovenerologist and compliance with his prescriptions.

Self-treatment following the advice of non-specialists usually leads to temporary suppression of the activity of pathogens when symptoms disappear. However, the disease progresses, although less noticeably, and the pathogen becomes resistant to the antibiotic used. As a result, a form of the disease that is difficult to treat with antibiotics is formed, and numerous complications appear.

Major diseases

Below is a brief description of the symptoms of STDs, their forms and methods of drug therapy. The information in this case is for informational purposes only and should not become a guide to self-medication.

Firstly, a preliminary laboratory analysis is required to accurately identify the pathogen, and secondly, antibiotic therapy must be individualized. For example, all drugs are divided into main (broad-spectrum) and reserve. The second group of medications is prescribed when pathogens are resistant to main antibiotics.

At the moment, the same antibiotics are used for STDs in women and men, as are the treatment regimens.

Syphilis

Known since the 15th century, when the first epidemic of this disease occurred in Europe. Since then, various methods of therapy have been tried, but only with the advent of the era of antibiotics did doctors learn to rid patients of it quickly and with virtually no consequences. The causative agent is Treponema pallidum (lat. Treponema pallidum), which enters the body through the mucous membranes and causes a systemic chronic infection that affects internal organs, skin, bones and the nervous system.

It occurs in three stages:

• Primary- with the formation of hard chancre (mainly in the genital area, but can be localized in the pharynx, arms, abdomen, anus). The formation is a compaction of small diameter, sometimes with an erosive surface. However, the modern craze for antibiotics sometimes prevents the pronounced activity of treponema, and chancroid does not appear, and the disease is diagnosed already at the second stage.
  Treatment is three intramuscular injections of bicillin-1 with an interval of 5-8 days. In case of intolerance, injections of ceftriaxone ®, doxycycline ®, erythromycin ®, etc. are prescribed. in accordance with the diagram.
• Secondary- manifested by various skin rashes. These may be spots similar to lichen and psoriasis, nodules, condylomas lata, and pustules. At the end of the period, due to the penetration of the pathogen through the blood-brain barrier, CNS pathologies (neurosyphilis) are diagnosed. Treated with bicillin-3 ® (according to the scheme) or others. Reserve drugs – , .
• Tertiary– deep damage to all organs and tissues. Expressed in the form of various malignant tumors, necrosis of the skin and cartilage. Therapy – 4-week course of “benzylpenicillin sodium salt“® There are no sexually transmitted diseases, since even different periods of syphilis require an individual approach to the choice of drug. If a pregnant woman is infected, then if she wants to save the fetus, treatment with penicillin antibiotics must be prescribed according to the stage. Since infection of a child with Treponema occurs during childbirth, prophylaxis is mandatory in the maternity hospital (benzylpenicillin sodium salt).

Gonorrhea

During unprotected sexual intercourse, Neisseria gonorrhoeae affects the mucous membranes (mainly the genital organs, as well as the rectum, oropharynx and eyes). The pathology is characterized by a long incubation period, after which itching, burning, milky discharge, pain, the appearance of bright inflammatory hyperemia of the affected mucous membranes, pain when urinating, and the appearance of a false urge to urinate appear. In about half of infected women, the only symptom is milky-purulent discharge.

If left untreated, the infection spreads to the pelvic organs and kidneys, which leads to severe complications and infertility.

Antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated gonorrhea consists of a single intramuscular injection of one of the drugs: Ceftriaxone ®, or (the dose depends on the severity), together with oral administration (azithromycin ® is indicated in the presence of concomitant STDs).

Trichomoniasis

The most common infection is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. After a fairly long incubation period (from a week to a month), women develop symptoms such as hyperemia of the vulva and vagina with purulent discharge, burning, pain during sexual intercourse and urination, and itching. In men, most cases are asymptomatic.

The chronic form is one of the main causes of infertility and recurrent inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs.

Antibiotics for trichomoniasis in women are prescribed in a seven-day course. Need to take : orally, 500 mg twice daily.

Reserve drugs are tinidazole ® and. Treatment for pregnant women can begin in the second trimester (2 grams of ornidazole ® or metronidazole ® once). Without systemic antibiotic therapy, local antibiotic therapy in the form of ointments and suppositories is ineffective.

Chlamydia

A widespread latent infection (mostly asymptomatic) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Clinically, it always manifests itself as urethritis, both in men and women. The latter are infected more often, and, in addition, chlamydia is considered a component of the opportunistic vaginal flora.

In the absence of symptoms of the inflammatory process, this infection is not treated. However, for symptoms of urethritis, a course is indicated or .

Alternative drugs, including for pregnant women, are erythromycin ®, amoxicillin ®, spiramycin ®, josamycin ®.

Other infections

Other diseases are recorded much less frequently. Antibiotics are used for these venereal diseases in men and women as follows:

• Lymphogranuloma venereum (caused by C. trachomatis) can be successfully treated with a three-week course of doxycycline ® (100 mg twice daily) or erythromycin (500 mg four times daily).
• Inguinal granuloma is also an “exotic” infection, since the pathogen C. granulomatis actively reproduces only in tropical climates. Antibiotic therapy consists of taking doxycycline ® or co-trimoxazole ® according to the regimen.
• Chancroid is another rare venereal disease in Russia, originally from hot countries. The pathogenic microorganism H. ducreyi is destroyed by a single oral dose of Azithromycin ®, one intramuscular injection of Ceftriaxone ® (250 mg) or a five-day course of erythromycin.

All of these infections manifest as lumps or ulcerations in the groin or genital area. It is quite difficult to become infected with them in our climate, and on vacation in Africa, India, and South America, you should avoid accidental unprotected sexual contact.

What antibiotics should I take to prevent STDs?

As you know, it is better to prevent a disease. The best option in this case is to have a permanent, trusted partner and use a condom. This contraceptive guarantees almost complete safety of casual sexual intercourse.

The use of antiseptics (for example, Miramistin ®) after coitus to disinfect the genitals can also have some effect. Although clinical studies indicate very low effectiveness of this method.

What antibacterial drugs can be taken orally to avoid infection?

Efficacy of Azithromycin ® for STDs

As can be seen from the information above, this powerful antibiotic, from the azalide subclass, is quite often used in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. However, using it as a prophylaxis after unprotected sexual intercourse is pointless and ineffective.

The drug is also often used to treat infections of bacterial origin of the respiratory tract, where it has gained great popularity due to its short course and convenient dosage regimen. While not a panacea in venereology, it is still successfully used to treat:

• gonorrhea (in combination with ceftriaxone ®) – 1 gram, taken once;
• chlamydia – once 1 g;
• chancre - similar.

As for the treatment of syphilis, Azithromycin ® is prescribed together with penicillins. The effectiveness of monotherapy against treponema pallidum has not been proven.

But in any case, taking antibiotics after accidental sexual intercourse or if an infection is suspected is unacceptable. Sexually transmitted diseases should be treated by a specialist based on laboratory tests. Self-medication is the path to temporary suppression of the pathogen, its mutation and the occurrence of severe complications. In addition, the social significance of STDs requires awareness, which will help stop the spread of infections.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are transmitted from one person to another through unprotected sex or genital contact.

Below is an overview of various sexually transmitted infections with links to more detailed information about them.

Chlamydia

Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, easily transmitted during sex. Most people do not experience any symptoms and therefore do not know they are infected.

In women, chlamydia can cause pain or a burning sensation when urinating, as well as vaginal discharge, pain in the lower abdomen during or after sex, bleeding during or after sex, or between periods. It can also lead to heavy periods.

In men, chlamydia can cause pain or burning when urinating, white cloudy or watery discharge from the penis, and pain or discomfort in the testicles.

Chlamydia can also infect the rectum, throat, or eyes.

Chlamydia is diagnosed through a urine test or a swab taken from the infected area. The infection is easily treated with antibiotics, but if left untreated can lead to serious long-term health problems, including infertility.

Genital warts

Genital warts (genital warts) are small growths, bumps, or skin changes that appear on or around your genitals or anus. Their causative agent is the human papillomavirus (HPV). Warts are usually painless, but you may notice some itching or redness. Sometimes they bleed.

It is not necessary to have penetrative sexual intercourse to transmit the infection, since HPV is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. Genital warts are treated with several methods, including ointments and cryotherapy (freezing the warts).

Genital herpes

Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), the same virus that causes cold sores.

Some people experience symptoms of HSV within a few days of coming into contact with the virus. Typically small, painful boils or sores appear that may cause itching, tingling, or painful urination. Once you are infected, most of the time the virus remains inactive. However, certain triggers can reactivate the virus, causing the boils to reappear, although they are usually smaller and less painful.

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is a disease caused by bacteria that is easily transmitted through sexual contact. About 50% of women and 10% of men do not experience any symptoms and do not know they are infected.

In women, gonorrhea can cause pain or burning when urinating, vaginal discharge (often watery, yellow or green), pain in the lower abdomen during or after sex, bleeding during or after sex or between periods, sometimes causing heavy periods.

In men, gonorrhea can cause pain or burning when urinating, a white cloudy or watery discharge from the penis, and pain or discomfort in the testicles. Gonorrhea can also affect the rectum, throat, or eyes.

Gonorrhea is easily diagnosed through a urine test or a swab taken from the infected area. The infection is easily treated with antibiotics, but if left untreated can lead to serious long-term health problems, including infertility.

Syphilis

Syphilis is a disease caused by bacteria that, in its early stages, results in a painless but highly contagious sore on your genitals or around your mouth. The ulcer can last up to 6 weeks and then go away.

Secondary symptoms may then appear, such as a rash, a flu-like state, or uneven hair loss. They may go away within a few weeks, after which there will be a period when you do not experience any symptoms.

Late, or tertiary, stage syphilis usually occurs many years later and can cause serious health problems such as heart disease, paralysis and blindness.

The symptoms of syphilis are not always easy to recognize. A routine blood test can most often show the presence of syphilis at any stage. It can be treated with antibiotics, usually injections of penicillin. With proper treatment, late stages of syphilis can be avoided.

HIV AIDS

HIV is most often transmitted during unprotected sex. It can also be transmitted through contaminated blood - for example, by sharing an injection needle.

The HIV virus attacks and weakens the immune system, making it less able to fight infections and diseases. There is no cure for HIV, but there are treatments that allow most people to live long and otherwise healthy lives.

AIDS is the final stage of HIV, when your body is no longer able to fight off life-threatening infections.

Most people with HIV appear healthy and have no symptoms. When you first become infected with HIV, you may experience flu-like symptoms with a fever, sore throat, or rash. This is called seroconversion disease.

Typically, a routine blood test is used to detect HIV infection. Some clinics may also offer a rapid test using a finger prick blood test or a saliva sample.

In women, Trichomonas can cause frothy, yellow or watery vaginal discharge with a foul odor, irritation or itching around the vagina, and pain when urinating. In men, trichomoniasis rarely causes any symptoms. You may experience pain or burning after urination, gray-yellow or gray-green discharge, or inflammation of the foreskin.

Trichomonas can sometimes be difficult to diagnose and your GP may refer you to a specialist clinic for a urine test or smear test. Once diagnosed, trichomoniasis is treated with antibiotics.

Pubic lice

Pubic lice are usually transmitted through close genital contact. They usually live in pubic hair, but can also live in armpit hair, body hair, beard hair and sometimes eyebrows or eyelashes.

Lice crawl from hair to hair, but do not jump from person to person. It may take several weeks before you notice any symptoms. Most people feel itchy, but you may also find lice or lice eggs (nits) in your hair.

Pubic lice can usually be treated well with special creams or shampoos that can be purchased over the counter at most pharmacies. You don't need to shave your pubic hair or body hair.

Scabies

The causative agent of scabies is a microscopic mite that makes passages in the skin. Infection can occur through personal or sexual contact or through contaminated clothing, bedding or towels.

If you become infected with scabies, you will develop severe itching that gets worse at night. The itching may be localized to the genital area, but also often occurs between the fingers, on the wrists and ankles, under the arms, and on the torso or chest. You may develop a rash or small pimples. In some people, scabies can be mistaken for, having read their price level and reviews of their work on our website.

Sexual diseases have existed since ancient times. The first information about them is found in sources of different nations, including Indian mythology and the Bible. Syphilis and gonorrhea are considered the most ancient infections - they have been dangerous to humans for centuries. How long ago these diseases appeared is unknown. Different countries blame each other for the spread of infections, giving them unique code names, for example, “Italian disease”, “Indian measles”, “French smallpox”, etc. It is most likely that gonorrhea and syphilis became widespread as a result of military operations and travel around the world. Previously, entire nations suffered from infectious diseases of the genital organs. But progress does not stand still, and with the discovery and production of penicillin, the invention of the microscope, as well as the promotion of protected contacts between partners and the popularization of condoms, the risk of the consequences of sexually transmitted infections has decreased many times.

Venereological diseases are studied by venereology. The search for treatment methods, prevention and causes of sexually transmitted diseases are included in the scope of this science. The name “venerology” appeared in the 14th century thanks to the French doctor Jean Fernel. He christened medical science in honor of the ancient Greek goddess of love and beauty - Venus. However, with the discovery of a large number of infections, WHO experts introduced the term “sexually transmitted diseases” (STDs) in 1974.

Sexually transmitted diseases have recently been divided into old (classical) and new (urogenital) infections. Old diseases, respectively, include gonorrhea, syphilis, chancroid, donovanosis and lymphogranuloma venereum. New diseases are ureaplasmosis, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, trichomonias, gardnerellosis, candidiasis, cytomegalovirus, genital herpes, human papilloma virus (HPV), HIV infection.

The list of sexually transmitted infections is very large, but it is pointless to list all the diseases, since without high-quality diagnostics it is impossible to choose the right treatment. We must take precautions in sexual relations and have a general understanding of the symptoms and consequences of STDs.

General information about genital infections. Nonspecific diseases

Diseases are not always transmitted sexually. There are a number of nonspecific infections that can spread not only through sexual contact, but also in other ways. This large group includes diseases that disrupt the function of the reproductive system. These diseases are directly related to the processes of inflammation of the genital organs. Here is a list of these infections:

• inflammation of the foreskin (posthitis);
• inflammation of the glans penis (balanitis);
• inflammation of the bladder (cystitis);
• inflammation of the rectum (practitis);
• inflammation of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis);
• inflammation of the urethra (urethritis);
• inflammation of the vagina (vaginitis).

Male genital diseases, like female ones, are associated with inflammation of the organs. This can be seen from the list below. The listed infections sometimes appear due to various microorganisms, allergies and friction. They can also be side symptoms of other diseases. Among the complaints of patients, various types of discharge, irritation and discomfort in the genitals are most often recorded. Such diseases are treated with medication and a course of antibiotics is prescribed.

Diseases caused by microorganisms include bacterial vaginitis. This is an exclusively female disease for which a short course of antibiotics is prescribed.

Sexually transmitted diseases can also be of the viral type. Thus, genital herpes is caused by the common herpes virus found in the oral cavity. In some cases, the disease appears in the anus and genital area. It is most contagious when sores appear in the mouth and blisters on the genitals. The virus is transmitted through sexual contact. During the period of illness, sexual intercourse should be avoided. Sometimes herpes can be transmitted without these symptoms. There are various ways to eliminate the manifestations of herpes, but there are no treatment methods as such at the moment.

Among viral nonspecific diseases, hepatitis B stands out. The cause is a virus that develops in the blood and other organic fluids of a sick person, causing an inflammatory process in the liver. It is transmitted through sexual contact, as well as through bodily fluids (blood, saliva and urine). The disease can appear immediately after infection. In some cases, symptoms do not appear at all. After a month or six months, symptoms of the flu may be observed: fatigue, loss of appetite, joint pain. Then the whites of the eyes and skin acquire a yellowish tint, pain in the abdominal area, weight loss, light-colored feces and brown urine are observed. Recovery is characterized by normalization of weight, color of the whites of the eyes and skin. The consequence may be long-term impairment of liver function. The patient needs rest and diet; it may take several months for the body to recover.

Venereal diseases classified according to the type of classical infections are gonorrhea and syphilis. Gonococcus affects the cervix, urethra, rectum, and sometimes the throat (in the case of oral-genital contact) in women, that is, the mucous membranes, causing septic processes. During childbirth, gonorrhea is transmitted from mother to child in the form of eye infections. Treatment is usually successful, but antibiotics should be taken in the early stages.

Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum. This bacterium enters the body through microcracks and mucous membranes, multiplies in the organic fluids of an infected person, and is transmitted through chancre secretions. Treponema can affect various organs, especially the brain and heart, causing disfigurement and even death.

Sexually transmitted diseases

Sex, of course, is needed by a person as an element of a love relationship and a way of procreation. But it often happens that partners do not remain faithful to each other, and promiscuity leads to rather unpleasant consequences, by which we mean infectious diseases of the reproductive system.

The following diseases are transmitted sexually:

Forms of sexually transmitted diseases

All of these infections represent only part of the vast world of diseases. We have found out what diseases of the genital organs exist, and now we need to understand the symptoms.

Sexually transmitted diseases have acute and chronic forms. This is important to know because the manifestations of diseases vary. Infections develop in an acute form precisely with a recent infection, and in this situation all the symptoms appear. The incubation period for each disease is different, but most often it varies from 1 to 10 days.

Acute infections are characterized by itching, burning and discharge with an unpleasant color and odor; skin manifestations in the form of rashes, warts and ulcers are often observed.

Many victims of STDs believe that infections can be cured on their own or that recovery will occur on its own. However, the acute form always turns into a chronic form, in which the symptoms appear less clearly, but it entails severe consequences. Chronic diseases often affect other organs and also lead to infertility. As a rule, the diagnosis is made based on acute manifestations. In the chronic course of the disease, it is difficult to say which organs are affected and what factors caused the problem. The chronic course of the infection means that the disease has become firmly established in the human body. The patient turns out to be dangerous to others, especially to his partners, since he is a carrier of the disease.

Male venereal diseases are also acute and chronic. It often happens that the acute form does not have time to manifest itself because it immediately turns into a chronic form, and in this case the symptoms may be insignificant. Many manifestations are nonspecific for specific infections. In addition, partners can “reward” each other with several diseases at the same time. To make a correct diagnosis, tests are necessary.

Read about the clinical manifestations of trichomoniasis. Everyone needs to know about the first symptoms of HIV and AIDS, described in detail!

Characteristic symptoms

Symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases, as we have already said, manifest themselves mainly in acute form. Basically they are similar, only the nature of the manifestations varies. With sexually transmitted infections, skin symptoms (ulcers, suppuration, rash, etc.) are often observed. Thus, with genital herpes, blisters form in the corresponding areas and sores on the lips and under the nose. At the first stage of syphilis, a hard, painless chancre always forms. In the second stage, a rash appears. Itching and irritation are caused by skin manifestations.

All infections of the genital organs entail inflammatory processes, often accompanied by a burning sensation during urination and pain, such as with urethritis.

The most common symptom is discharge from the genitals. They are most often used to determine the disease. With thrush, a white, cheesy discharge is observed; with trichomoniasis, it is watery, foamy, sometimes with a yellowish tint, and often has a sharp, unpleasant odor. In some cases, neoplasms are observed on the mucous membranes. HPV is characterized by the appearance of condylomas and benign formations on the cervix.

As we have already said, infections are often transmitted to the child from the mother. They also appear as a result of oral contact. In such situations, sore throat and conjunctivitis are observed, as, for example, with gonorrhea. Diseases can be asymptomatic. They are detected only during a general examination of the body. Such infections include chlamydia.

Symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases are sometimes characterized by an increase in temperature. This is how the body reacts to inflammation and the desire to overcome the infection. However, an increase in temperature is not specific to sexually transmitted diseases. In general, the symptoms of STDs are the same in both sexes. The differences are related only to physiology. Let's try to differentiate a little between the manifestations of STDs.

Symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases in men are explained by inflammation of the urethra, testicles, penis, prostate gland, and sometimes the anus. According to statistics, men rarely turn to a venereologist, although many are carriers of infections as a result of incontinent sexual intercourse. And the reason is simple: a person may not be aware of the presence of the disease or may hope for self-healing.

Signs of sexually transmitted diseases in men are characterized by damage to the genitals. Urination becomes difficult and becomes painful. Men complain of burning and pain in the urinary tract

om channel. Many diseases lead to nonspecific urethritis, as well as septic processes in the urinary tract. Some diseases manifest themselves more clearly than in women. Thus, gonorrhea is often accompanied by purulent discharge and sharp pain when urinating. Sometimes diseases are asymptomatic. For example, most men do not have symptoms of trichomoniasis.

Male venereology diseases are best treated in the early stages. In acute cases, the disease is easier to diagnose and, accordingly, treat.

Venereal diseases in women have less pronounced symptoms, more often they occur hidden. All symptoms are observed in acute form. Patients complain of spotting with an unpleasant odor and pain. Inflammation of the pelvic organs is observed. In some cases, skin manifestations in the vagina, irritation of the mucous membranes, accompanied by itching, are diagnosed.

Signs of STDs and treatment

In the modern world, everything is possible: openly expressed sexual fantasies, same-sex marriage, free relationships between a man and a woman. We do not plan to discuss whether this is good or bad, but we need to remember about health in any situation. To protect yourself and your partner from infections, you must undergo an examination at least once every six months. Seek medical help if:

• had unprotected sexual contact;
• you have several sexual partners;
• you are planning a pregnancy;
• you want to enter into new sexual relationships;
• Your partner has already been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease.

The first signs of sexually transmitted diseases usually appear 10 days after infection. First of all, you should pay attention to the discharge, since the disease is determined by color, smell and consistency. You should consult a doctor if you experience rashes, blisters, or redness of the mucous membranes.

Sexually transmitted diseases in men, as we have already said, are characterized by pain and burning in the genitourinary canal. Possible irritation of the membranes of the foreskin and penis. Since many infections have a hidden course, you should not refuse examination. A person’s task is to procreate, and there is no need to deprive a partner of the opportunity of motherhood.

The medical history should record fever, sore throats, and eye infections, since all of these are nonspecific manifestations of diseases of the genital organs.

Female venereological diseases threaten infertility. Infections are transmitted to the child from the mother through breast milk or during childbirth. Often women are not aware of the disease that arose as a result of the infidelity of their life partner, and therefore ladies also need to contact an antenatal clinic.

Partners should always be made aware of the presence of the disease. It is foolish to blame one person for a suspected infection. Both partners must get tested. No one other than a doctor can diagnose you. The doctor will order a blood draw, smear test, and other tests. It may be necessary to provoke symptoms, as with gonorrhea. It is usually recommended not to urinate for 3 hours before the test. At this moment you should not use hygiene products. Some doctors prescribe stimulants or allow you to take a little alcohol.

All STDs are treated exclusively with medications, in most cases antibiotics are required. If you have undergone treatment, repeat the diagnosis to make sure there is no disease.

Remember that health is in your hands! Love your partner, remain faithful to him, take precautions, maintain hygiene, and then you will not be afraid of infectious diseases of the genital organs.