Pulse currents in physiotherapy. Electrotherapy: indications and contraindications Electro treatment

Action: A low voltage direct current, passing through the body and creating a driving force, begins to move ions. The positive ones (cations) move to the negative pole, the cathode. Negative (anions) - to the positive pole, anode. The movement of monovalent ions is faster, so they accumulate at the cathode, and divalent ions accumulate at the anode.

Monovalent ions, accumulating in the cell, lead to an increase in its excitability, and the accumulation of divalent ions reduces excitability.

With this electroosmosis, the movement of liquid goes to the cathode, causing swelling and loosening of cells, and permeability increases. Under the anode, there is a tightening of the cell membranes, which leads to a decrease in pain. Under the electrodes, as a result of chemical reactions called electrolysis, strong irritants are formed, which accumulate at the border of the skin and hydrophilic pads.

The patient feels a slight burning or tingling sensation during the procedure, which travels along the nerve pathways to the cerebral cortex. Irritation under the electrodes causes hyperemia of the skin, which disappears after 1.5-2 hours. Hyperemia helps to enhance regeneration processes and resorption of tissue decay products. Reserve capillaries open, the permeability of their walls increases, which promotes the absorption of drugs injected into the skin. Under the influence of direct current, shifts are observed in the central and peripheral nervous system. Direct current causes morphological changes in the skin, which helps restore nerve conduction and increase tissue metabolism at the site of exposure. Under the influence of direct current, biologically active substances are formed. Direct current has a humoral and reflex effect on the body. The electrical conductivity of tissues in the human body is different. Blood, lymph, and muscles have greater electrical conductivity. The excitability of the brain and spinal cord can vary depending on the direction of flow of direct current. When choosing a technique, it is necessary to take into account all the factors that arise during electrotherapy.

Methodology: When performing the procedure, it is necessary to examine the patient’s skin in the affected area. Abrasions, cracks, ulcers, and large amounts of hair are not allowed. This reduces resistance, which can result in chemical burns. Current is supplied to the patient using electrodes consisting of metal plates that are placed in a pad. The gasket is made of hydrophilic fabric with a thickness of 1.0-1.5 cm. It protects the patient’s skin from contact with electrolysis products, which have a cauterizing effect. Uniform contact of the electrode with the skin is created. The hydrophilic gasket should be 2-3 cm larger than the metal plate (electrode). On the area of ​​the skin where the procedure will be performed, hydrophilic pads soaked in warm water and wrung out are placed, and metal plates are placed on top of them in special pockets. After each procedure, the pads are washed with running water, boiled and dried.

For better contact of the electrodes with the body, they are fixed with a bandage or bags of sand or with the weight of the patient’s body when he lies on them. Depending on the technique, transverse, longitudinal and cavity application of electrodes is distinguished. The technique is determined depending on the localization and severity of the process.

With a transverse arrangement, the electrodes are placed opposite each other (back and abdomen; thus, a deep effect is achieved). With a longitudinal arrangement, the electrodes occupy a place in the same plane, without touching each other (along the course of a muscle or nerve; the action in this case will be superficial). Smaller electrodes and active electrodes have a higher current density. Before turning on the device, you must make sure that the potentiometer is in the zero position, as well as the milliamp arrow. The second ends of the wires are connected to the terminals of the device, and the device is turned on. A light on the panel lights up, indicating that the device is working. It is necessary to warm up the device for a short time, and then the potentiometer lever is slowly moved clockwise, which allows the current to increase. The patient should feel a tingling sensation at the sites where the electrodes are applied. If you complain of a burning sensation, you must stop the procedure, turn off the device and check the electrodes and the condition of the patient’s skin. The patient can sit or lie down during the procedure. Talking and reading are prohibited. At the end of the procedure, the potentiometer knob is moved to the zero position and the device is turned off.

Dosage. Everyone's skin sensitivity is different, so the current density required is different. The causes of the burn may be a decrease in sensitivity due to certain neurological diseases or contact of the electrode with the skin. The procedures are carried out from 6 to 30 minutes in a course of 10-20 procedures, daily. After the procedures, the patient should rest for 20-30 minutes.

Application: galvanization of the face (Bergonier half mask). A three-bladed electrode is used and placed on the affected area of ​​the face. The effect is applied for 10-15 minutes with a course of treatment of 10-12 procedures.

Galvanization of the collar area (according to Shcherbak). An electrode, shaped like a collar, is located on the collar area and connected to the anode, the second electrode, having an area half the size of the main one, is placed on the lower back and connected to the cathode. The first procedure lasts 6 minutes with a current strength of 6 mA. In subsequent procedures, the current increases by 1 mA and the time by 1 min. The procedures are carried out daily, the course of treatment is 12-15 procedures.

ROLE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY IN THE COMPLEX OF REHABILITATION MEASURES
Drug electrophoresis- a therapeutic method in which, under the influence of direct current, medicinal substances are introduced into the body through the skin or mucous membranes. The most sensitive skin to the effects is the skin of the abdomen, shoulder, thigh and lower leg. With this administration, an accumulation of the drug substance in the body is observed and a depot is created. In greater quantities and with greater ease, medicinal substances enter through the mucous membrane. When a medicinal substance is administered using electrophoresis, it enters the body directly in the area of ​​the pathological focus and the side effects are less pronounced.

Action: penetrating into the skin through the openings of the excretory ducts of the sweat glands, ions accumulate under the electrode, forming a “skin depot” of ions. Subsequently, the lymph flow washes out the medicinal substances, and through osmosis and diffusion they enter the general blood circulation.

Various medications, as well as antibiotics or vitamins, can be injected into the skin using direct current. It is possible to introduce ions into the body selectively depending on their polarity. Medicines administered using electrophoresis remain in the body longer and are eliminated from it more slowly.

Methodology does not differ from the galvanization technique, except that a layer of filter paper moistened with medicine is placed between the pad and the skin. Buffered solutions are used to introduce complex organic compounds (proteins, amino acids). The concentration of solutions for electrophoresis varies - from 0.5 to 5%, and potent solutions are used in a concentration of 0.1% (adrenaline).

If it is necessary to administer two medicinal substances with the same polarity, a bifurcated wire connected to two gaskets is used. To avoid inactivation by electrolysis products when using antibiotics and enzymes, use 3 cm hydrophilic gaskets or insert filter paper moistened with a 5% glucose solution into a regular gasket. When processing hydrophilic pads in running water, pads of different polarities are placed in different sinks to avoid contamination of the pads with ions of a different polarity.

Application: drug electrophoresis in the pelvic organs. The patient is positioned lying on the couch. Electrodes can be applied in various ways. The abdominal-sacral method is easy to use - one electrode is placed above the womb and connected to one of the poles, and the second electrode of the same area is placed in the sacrum and connected to the other pole. A medicinal substance is injected from an electrode located above the womb. Duration of procedures - 15-20 minutes, current strength - 10-15 mA, daily, course of treatment - 10-15 procedures.

Superelectrophoresis- administration of medication on dimexide. It has transport properties, bipolarity and pronounced transfer towards the cathode. Dimexide is used in the form of applications to the skin, since in this case the substance enters the bloodstream after 5 minutes. With the help of dimexide, medicinal substances penetrate the skin in greater quantities and more deeply.

Methodology Applications are the same as for galvanization.

Indications: chronic inflammatory processes, eye diseases, injuries and bone diseases (arthritis, osteochondrosis), diseases of the peripheral and central nervous system (neurosis, sleep disorders, neuralgia), diseases of the digestive system (colitis, chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer), softening of scars, diseases respiratory organs (tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia), diseases of the genitourinary system (cystitis). Contraindications: neoplasms, acute and purulent inflammatory processes, circulatory failure, systemic blood diseases, febrile conditions, dermatitis, individual intolerance, cachexia.

TREATMENT WITH PULSE CURRENTS OF LOW VOLTAGE AND LOW FREQUENCY
Pulse current- this is a direct current with periodically repeated pulses, used for therapeutic diagnostic purposes. Currents vary in shape, frequency (measured in Hz) and pulse duration (ms).

Leduc's currents- current with rectangular pulses; procedures using it are called electrosleep. This current enhances the process of inhibition in the cerebral cortex. The state is similar to physiological sleep. Pulse frequency - 1-130 Hz, duration - 0.2-2.0 ms.

Tetanizing current- current with peaked pulses. Suitable for electro-gymnastics of muscles. The current causes them to contract. Used for weakened muscle function, pulse frequency - 100 Hz, duration - 1.0-1.5 ms.

Exponential current (Lapik current)- with a gently increasing and decreasing curve. Used for electro-gymnastics of muscles; the frequency and duration of the pulses depend on the degree of muscle damage.

Electroson- a therapeutic method in which the central nervous system is affected by pulsed currents of low frequency and low strength. The effects of low-frequency transcerebral pulsed electrotherapy are possible with procedures lasting from 2 to 6 hours. Constant pulse currents are used with a frequency of 5 to 150 Hz, a pulse duration of 0.5 ms, with a constant duty cycle.

Devices: ES-10-5, Electroson-4.5. These are transistor low frequency current generators with rectangular pulses. All devices are the same. The device control is located on the front panel. On the side surface there is a current-carrying wire for connecting the mask. Action: pulsed current has a therapeutic effect on brain structures and most of all on the subcortical-stem formations located near the base of the brain (thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, limbic system). As a result, the functional state changes and the provision of various body functions improves. The analgesic effect of pulsed current is based on the fact that the sedative effect increases the pain threshold, and therefore the perception of pain changes. Physiological effects of pulsed current: the sedative effect is expressed when using rectangular currents with a frequency of 10 Hz. The functional state of the central unequal system improves.

Hemodynamic effects: currents affect the circulatory system and heart activity. In this case, a restructuring of the autonomic and central regulation of the cardiovascular system is observed, which makes it possible to reduce oxygen consumption by the heart muscle.

The hypotensive effect of pulsed current is based on the hemodynamic effect, and there are no regional hemodynamic changes (brain, kidneys), as in the case of the use of antihypertensive drugs.

Immune effects: when acting on the central nervous system, due to the influence on endocrine centers, pulsed currents change the immune and hormonal background of the patient, which is regulated by selecting the parameters of pulsed currents. Stimulation of pituitary function is accompanied by the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone and the synthesis of steroid hormones. The effect is observed when applying a frequency from 80 to 100 Hz. Metabolic-trophic effect: pulsed currents affect various metabolic processes in the body: fat, carbohydrate, etc.

Methodology: the procedure is carried out in a separate darkened room 1-1.5 hours after eating. Before the procedure begins, the patient is told about possible sensations during it and warned that sleep does not always occur. The patient is in a supine position. The rubber mask is wiped with alcohol, and cotton swabs soaked in warm water and slightly wrung out are placed in the metal recesses. One electrode is placed on closed eyes, and the second - a bifurcated electrode - in the area of ​​the mastoid processes. Orbital electrodes are connected to the negative pole of the device. The mask is secured. The device is preheated for 5 minutes. On the front panel, set the parameters and slowly rotate the potentiometer knob to turn on the current until a sensation in the form of goose bumps and a feeling of blowing appears. The nurse should not leave the office and must monitor the patient’s breathing, maintaining silence. During the procedure, the current strength may change. This may cause an unpleasant burning sensation; in this case, the nurse should immediately reduce the current. After the procedure is completed, the device turns off. If the patient has fallen asleep, his sleep is not disturbed. After removing the mask, it is not recommended to open your eyes immediately; the patient should lie down with his eyes closed for 1-2 minutes in a darkened room. The procedures are carried out at a pulse frequency of 5-75 Hz, a current strength of 15-20 mA, the duration of the procedure is from 20 to 60 minutes, the course of treatment is 10-20 procedures.

Indications: hypertension I and II degrees, peptic ulcer, neurocirculatory dystonia, bronchial asthma, burn disease, frostbite, enuresis, menstrual irregularities, neurotic conditions, chorea, neurodermatitis, psoriasis, neuroses, emotional stress.

Contraindications: dystrophic eye diseases, residual cerebrovascular accidents and general contraindications.

Electrical stimulation- a therapeutic method, the purpose of which is to excite or enhance the activity of certain systems and organs, influencing them with pulsed currents and intermittent galvanic current. Action: this method is most often used for electrical stimulation of motor nerves and muscles, as well as internal organs. Before electrical stimulation of muscles, it is necessary to conduct electrodiagnostics to clarify the degree of degeneration of the neuromuscular system.

Methodology: use small and large plate electrodes with hydrophilic pads. When stimulating muscles, electrodes are placed on the motor points of the nerves or motor muscles. The motor points of the nerve are most superficially located; they are the zone of greatest excitability of the muscle. There are two methods of influence: unipolar (unipolar) and bipolar (bipolar). With the unipolar technique, a small electrode is used, it is active. This electrode is located on the motor point of a nerve or muscle. Another larger electrode is placed in the area of ​​the corresponding segment. With the bipolar technique, both electrodes are small: one is placed at the motor point, and the other at the junction of the muscle and the tendon. Electrodiagnostics are performed by a doctor.

Indications: prevention of muscle atrophy, peripheral motor nerve paresis, weakened bowel or bladder function, facial nerve paresis.

Contraindications: correspond to general physiotherapeutic contraindications.

Diadynamic currents. A therapeutic method using pulsed currents of a half-sinusoidal shape with an elongated trailing edge with a frequency of 50 to 100 Hz. Low frequency pulsed current is the so-called Bernard current, or diadynamic current, which has an analgesic effect. At a frequency of 50 Hz, the current is called “half-wave continuous”. Has a stimulating effect. At a frequency of 100 Hz the current is called "full wave continuous". Has an inhibitory effect. The following modulations are used for therapeutic purposes:

CP - short period, alternating a full-wave continuous current of 1.5 s with a current of the same duration (stimulating effect, stimulates trophism and tissue metabolism);
DP - long period, alternating current of the form half-wave current lasting 4 s with full-wave current lasting 8 s (has a braking effect);
OR - syncopation rhythm - sending a current of the form of a half-wave current lasting 1.5 s with pauses of the same duration (used in electro-gymnastics);
OV - single-cycle wave - current of the form half-wave current, increasing to maximum amplitude and decreasing to zero; pauses between pulses are 4 s;
DV - push-pull wave - a current of the type of full-wave current, increasing to a maximum amplitude and decreasing to zero within 8 s; pauses between pulses are 4 s.

Action: diadynamic currents have an analgesic effect.

When the threshold of pain sensitivity increases, peripheral nerve endings are irritated. From peripheral nerve receptors, impulses enter the central nervous system, which leads to irritation and pain relief. To reduce addiction and increase the irritating effect, diadynamic current is used when switching poles. Blood and lymph circulation is activated, tissue trophism is improved, and metabolic processes are reduced.

Methodology: The electrode used must correspond to the area of ​​the painful area. During the procedure, the location of the electrodes can be transverse or longitudinal. During the procedure, the patient sits or lies. The electrodes are contained in a hydrophilic pad and secured with bandages or sandbags. The current strength is adjusted in accordance with the patient’s sensations and milliamp readings. The patient should experience a feeling of pronounced, but not painful vibration. The cathode is located in the area of ​​the painful area. If necessary, medicinal substances can be administered using diadynamic current. The duration of the procedure is from 10-15 to 20-30 minutes. The course of treatment is 3-10 procedures. The first three procedures are carried out daily, the subsequent ones every other day. Indications: sprains, bruises, periarthritis, diseases of the peripheral nervous system, neuritis, radiculitis, osteochondrosis, migraine, chronic peptic ulcers of the stomach and intestines.

Contraindications: increased sensitivity to direct current, acute inflammatory processes, bleeding, bone fractures with unfixed bone fragments, acute intra-articular injuries, malignant neoplasms, pulmonary tuberculosis. The procedures are carried out daily, the course of treatment is 6-10 procedures.

Sinusoidal modulated currents- a therapeutic method in which the body is exposed to currents with a frequency of 5000 Hz.

Action: upon exposure, good permeability through the skin is ensured; at the same time, there is no irritating effect on it and the receptors located in the thickness of the skin. To ensure that the application of current has a weak exciting effect, low frequency modulations from 10 to 150 Hz are used. This frequency is closest to the frequency of muscle biocurrents.

If it is necessary to obtain a stronger exciting effect and a deeper impact, change the modulation frequency. This, in turn, eliminates the possibility of addiction. Sinusoidal modulated currents have an analgesic effect, improve peripheral blood supply and the functional state of the neuromuscular system, and are well tolerated by patients.

There are several types of sinusoidal modulated currents:
current with a frequency of 5000 Hz (unmodulated current);
constant modulation current - 1st type of work (modulated current with a frequency of 10-150 Hz).
Action: when changing the depth of modulation, it has a stimulating effect on neuromuscular formations and deeply located tissues;

The “send-pause” current is the 2nd type of work (alternating sends of modulated oscillations with a frequency of 10 to 150 Hz with pauses).
Action: has a stimulating effect, used for electrical stimulation.

The sending current of modulated and unmodulated oscillations is the 3rd type of work (alternating sendings of modulated oscillations in the form of several pulses with a frequency of 10 to 150 Hz with sendings of unmodulated oscillations).
Action: mildly irritating. The stimulating effect of this current is used in cases of pronounced pain.

Alternating frequency current - 4th type of work (alternating modulated frequencies with a constant frequency of 150 Hz and a frequency varying from 10 to 150 Hz).
Action: relieves addiction phenomena as a result of alternating different impulse frequencies.

Methodology: electrodes are used that correspond to the area of ​​the painful area. During the procedure, the patient sits or lies. The electrodes are contained in a hydrophilic pad and secured with bandages or sandbags. The current strength is adjusted in accordance with the patient’s sensations and milliamp readings. The patient should experience a feeling of pronounced, but not painful vibration. The arrangement of the electrodes can be transverse, longitudinal or transverse-longitudinal. If necessary, medicinal substances can be administered using sinusoidal modulated currents in a rectified mode. Modulation depth is an increase or decrease in the amplitude of the modulated oscillations compared to the amplitude of the original current. It can be from 0 to 100%. The duration of the current can vary from 1 to 5 s.

Mode of application: Currents can be applied in both normal and rectified mode. The duration of the procedure is from 5 to 20 minutes, daily, less often every other day, for a course of treatment there are 5-20 procedures.

Indications: injuries of the musculoskeletal system with pain, dystrophic diseases of the joints of the limbs and spine, diseases of internal organs, peripheral nerves, paresis and paralysis, diabetes mellitus, diseases of the digestive system.

Contraindications: general contraindications for physiotherapy, purulent skin diseases.

Application: effects on the stomach and duodenum. Used for pain relief and stimulation of trophic processes. One electrode is applied in the pyloroduodenal region, the other on the back in the area of ​​V-IX thoracic vertebrae, the first mode of operation, the 3rd and 4th type of work with a modulation frequency of 70-100 Hz and a modulation depth of 50-75%, the duration of the sendings is 2-3 s. A pronounced vibration should be felt under the electrodes. Each type of work lasts 3-5 minutes. The procedures are carried out daily in a course of 10-15 procedures.

Fluctuating currents- the use for therapeutic purposes of aperiodic currents of sound frequency with randomly varying short-term pulses. These currents do not cause tissues to become accustomed to irritation. This form of current is used to administer drug ions.

Action: has a pronounced analgesic and rapid anti-inflammatory effect.

Methodology: The current supply knob is set to the “O” position. Set the required current shape. Electrodes are used in the same way as for galvanization. They are placed longitudinally or transversely. The duration of the procedure is 5-10 minutes, the course is 3-10 procedures, daily or every other day.

Indications: in straightened mode in dentistry, in the treatment of certain gynecological diseases.

Contraindications: general contraindications for physiotherapy.

Application: to the area of ​​the trigeminal nerve.

The patient is in a lying or sitting position, with the head resting on the headrest. A triple active electrode is applied to the skin in the area of ​​the projection of the extraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina. An indifferent electrode equal to their total area is placed 0.5 cm in front of the tragus of the ear on the affected side. Apply daily for 5-6 minutes in a course of 10-12 procedures.

TREATMENT WITH PULSE CURRENTS OF HIGH VOLTAGE AND HIGH FREQUENCY
Darsonvalization- a therapeutic method using high-frequency (from 100 to 400 kHz) pulsed current of high voltage (from 10 to 100 kV) and low strength (from 10 to 15 mA) with intervals between current pulses slightly longer than the duration of the pulses. The currents are named after the French physiologist and physicist D'Arsonval.

Action: Darsonval currents have an analgesic effect, reducing the sensitivity of skin receptors, and have an antispastic effect on blood vessels and sphincters. The blood vessels in the skin dilate and it turns red. By increasing metabolism, Darsonval currents affect tissue trophism. When applied topically, the maturation processes of granulations are accelerated, segmental and general reflex reactions appear.

Methodology: the device is warmed up before the procedure begins. Then the electrode with which the procedure will be carried out is wiped with alcohol and placed on the area of ​​the body to be exposed. The influence is provided by contact or remote methods. The electrode is used to stroke the skin. With local darsonvalization and incomplete contact of the electrode with the skin, a stream of sparks is observed. The patient experiences slight tingling in the affected area. When a low current is applied, the patient feels a slight warmth. The duration of the procedure is 5-15 minutes, carried out daily or every other day, the course of treatment is 10-15 procedures.

Indications: neuralgia, paresthesia, hair loss, trophic ulcers, slow-healing wounds.

Contraindications: tendency to bleeding, malignant neoplasms, leukemia.

TREATMENT WITH SUPERTONAL FREQUENCY CURRENTS
A therapeutic method, the operating factor of which is a sinusoidal current of a supra-tonal frequency of 22 kHz and a quiet spark discharge formed at the point of contact of the gas-discharge electrode with the skin or mucous membrane.

Action: in the area where the electrode is used, slight heat occurs and blood circulation increases, which helps stimulate neurotrophic functions in the body and enhance metabolic processes.

Methodology: the effect is carried out using electrodes filled with neon. The shape of the electrodes is different. Stable and labile methods are used.

Indications: some diseases of the skin, female internal genital organs.

Contraindications: general contraindications for physiotherapeutic procedures.

Application: in the area of ​​the submandibular lymph nodes. The patient is in a lying or sitting position. The electrode is placed in the area of ​​the submandibular lymph nodes. The effect is applied first on one side and then on the other side for 3-4 minutes in a course of 10-12 procedures.

TREATMENT WITH MAGNETIC, ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD. MAGNETOTHERAPY
Magnetic fields used for therapeutic purposes can be constant or variable; the latter, in turn, are divided into low-frequency, high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency. The unit of measurement for magnetic induction is Tesla (T).

Methodology: a constant magnetic field is generated by means of magnetic applicators - rubber plates with barium ferritol powder. The duration of exposure to the plates is up to 10-12 hours. Before the procedures, all metal objects are removed from the patient’s clothing and belongings. Inductors are installed in transverse and longitudinal positions. The patient does not experience any sensations, since a magnetic field is created in the affected area. The duration of the procedure is 20-30 minutes, daily, the course is 8-15 procedures.

Indications: epicandylitis, traumatic swelling of the extremities, phantom pain, residual effects of poliomyelitis.

Application: effects on joints and limbs. Cylindrical inductors are installed on the opposite side of the joint. The duration of the procedures is 20-30 minutes, daily, the course of treatment is 10-15 procedures.

TREATMENT WITH HIGH FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD. INDUCTOTHERMY
A method of therapeutic exposure to a high-frequency alternating magnetic field, resulting in the formation of heat in the tissues.

Action: heating of fluid-rich tissues (blood, lymph, muscles) occurs. The heat penetrates deeply, hyperemia is noted, tissue trophism improves, the phagocytic activity of leukocytes increases, tissue swelling decreases, and it has a sedative, vasodilating, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect.

Methodology: procedures are performed in a position convenient for the patient. Before the procedures, all metal objects are removed from the patient’s clothing and belongings. The effects of inductothermy are carried out through clothing. The inductors are located without any gap. During the procedure, the patient feels warmth. Duration of the procedure - 15-30 minutes, course of 8-15 procedures, daily or every other day. Indications: inflammatory diseases in chronic and subacute form - pneumonia, bronchitis, cystitis, colitis, neuritis, nephritis, radiculitis; scleroderma, fractures of tubular bones, bruises, arthrosis, osteochondrosis.

Contraindications: neoplasms, the presence of metal objects in the body, acute purulent processes, myocardial infarction, systemic blood diseases, tuberculosis, thyrotoxicosis, diabetes mellitus in the decompensated stage.

TREATMENT WITH ULTRA-HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTRIC FIELD
UHF therapy- a therapeutic method using an alternating or pulsed electric field of high or ultra-high frequency (UHF).

Action: deep penetration through tissue. Heating of tissues promotes deep and long-lasting hyperemia in the affected area. There is an increase in blood and lymph circulation in the area of ​​influence, the focus of inflammation and swelling decreases. The process of resorption of exudates is accelerated. The processes of repair and regeneration are improved. With a strong dose, suppression of the functions of systems and the body is noted, with a weak dose, nerve regeneration is noted. At low power, no thermal effect is observed, but there is an increase in the function of tissues and organs (bile secretion). The UHF electric field has an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, vasodilating, trophic, lymphatic drainage effect with correction of the hormonal and immune systems. Metabolic processes are more active.

Methodology: several methods of applying capacitor plates are used: transverse, longitudinal, tangential. The electric field is created by two capacitor plates, between which the impact zone is placed. The electric field passes well through clothing, dry bandages, and plaster. The gap between the capacitor plates and the patient's body can be 0.5-1 cm, since in this case the energy is absorbed by the surface tissues. With a gap of 3.5-4.5 cm, most of the energy is dissipated into space, and the remaining part is evenly absorbed by the tissues. During the procedure, all metal objects are removed from the patient’s clothing and belongings. The UHF electric field is dosed according to the patient’s sensations. A non-thermal dose - the patient does not feel heat, a low-thermal dose - the patient clearly feels it. The dose is judged by the glow of a neon light bulb brought to the capacitor plates. The duration of the procedure is from 7 to 20 minutes, daily or every other day with a course of 6-15 procedures.

Indications: acute and subacute inflammatory diseases of internal organs, injuries with violation of tissue integrity, purulent process in the presence of purulent outflow, low-grade inflammatory processes, allergic diseases (bronchial asthma).

Contraindications: tendency to bleeding, severe hypotension, feverish conditions.

Ultrahigh frequency electric field. A therapeutic method using ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic waves in the decimeter range and waves in the centimeter range. Centimeter waves penetrate to a depth of 5-6 cm, decemeter waves penetrate to a depth of 7-9 cm or more, and spread evenly in tissues. Subcutaneous fatty tissue and skin absorb microwaves weakly, so they heat up little. The best absorption occurs in environments and tissues rich in water.

Action: Heat occurs in tissues when they absorb microwaves and other high-frequency vibrations. A non-thermal oscillatory effect is also observed. There is an acceleration of blood and lymph flow, increased functioning of the reticuloendothelial system, and an increase in metabolic processes. Due to the decreased sensitivity of nerve endings, the analgesic effect is more pronounced than with other factors of physiotherapy.

Methodology

small - the wattmeter needle is located at 20-30 W, the patient does not feel heat at this dosage;

The duration of the procedures is 10-20 minutes, daily or every other day, the course of treatment is 10-15 procedures.

Indications

Contraindications

TREATMENT WITH A CONSTANT HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELD
Franklinization- a therapeutic method using a constant high-voltage electric field. Weak electrical discharges are used, which leads to the formation of an ion flow. In medical practice, preference is given to a negative charge.

Action: Heat occurs in tissues when they absorb microwaves and other high-frequency vibrations. A non-thermal (oscillatory) effect is also observed. There is an acceleration of blood and lymph flow, activation of the reticuloendothelial system, and an increase in metabolic processes. Due to the decreased sensitivity of nerve endings, the analgesic effect is more pronounced than with other factors of physiotherapy.

Methodology: The patient is positioned in a comfortable position. The area of ​​exposure is freed from clothing to reduce the reflection of waves. The required emitter is installed at a distance of 5-7 cm from the exposure area, and the exposure time is set on the clock. Some emitters are placed directly at the site of exposure.

Three types of therapeutic dosages are used for procedures:
small - the wattmeter needle is located at 20-30 W, the patient does not feel heat at this dosage;
medium - the wattmeter needle is located at 40-50 W, the patient feels a slight warmth;
intense - the wattmeter needle is located at 60-70 W, the patient feels pronounced warmth.

The duration of the procedures is 10-20 minutes, daily or every other day, for chickens - 10-15 procedures.

Indications: joint diseases, neuralgia, radiculitis, acute purulent inflammation of the skin and its appendages (in weak doses), sinusitis (if there is an outflow of pus).

Contraindications: malignant neoplasms, tendency to bleeding, decompensated heart defects.

Action: exposure to a constant high-voltage electric field (static shower) is the effect on the human body of ions and chemicals of the air located in the sphere of action of this field (nitrogen dioxide, ozone). Causing irritation of skin receptors and the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, the air ion flow reflexively affects a number of body functions. Vascular reactions appear in the skin: a short-term spasm of the capillaries is replaced by expansion, and inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex intensify.

Methodology- the patient is positioned for the procedure on a wooden chair. Clothes are not removed. Metal objects are removed, including from hair (barrettes, hairpins), and earrings from ears. The head electrode is installed at a distance of 10-15 cm from the head, then the device is turned on. The patient feels a breath in the head area. The duration of the procedure is 10-15 minutes, daily, the course of treatment is 15-20 procedures. The procedure can also be applied topically.

Indications: functional diseases of the nervous system (insomnia, headache, migraine), itchy dermatoses, burns, wounds with a sluggish course.

Contraindications: neoplasms, acute and purulent inflammatory processes, systemic blood diseases, febrile conditions, organic diseases of the nervous system, coronary heart disease, tuberculosis.