Contraceptives for women under 25 years of age. What are the best birth control pills to take? Pros and cons of taking oral contraceptives. Side effects of birth control drugs

Content

If a woman is sexually active, but does not feel ready for motherhood, she is faced with the question of which birth control pills are good, how to take them, and what is the difference between hormonal and non-hormonal drugs. Is it possible to completely avoid the risk of becoming pregnant if you regularly use contraceptives, and is there a chance of avoiding withdrawal symptoms?

What are birth control pills

Protection on the part of a man, if it is only a condom, does not provide a 100% guarantee that sperm will not penetrate the vagina and will not reach the developed eggs. Experts say that only good birth control pills help prevent pregnancy. They are divided into 2 groups: vaginal and oral. Main characteristics:

• Vaginal tablets have only a local effect, so they are used before sex. Their long-term use with any composition is not recommended. These pills cannot be classified as particularly reliable - they only prevent pregnancy by 70%. Pharmatex, Erotex, Ginekotex are the names of the most famous and working vaginal spermicides.
• Oral contraceptives (the preferred method of protection) have a different principle of action: they suppress ovulation when taken for a long time, the course is tied to the monthly cycle. Mostly in modern gynecology, combined oral contraceptives are used, based on a combination of the main female hormones: estrogen and progesterone. Among those especially recommended by gynecologists are Miniziston, Jess.

Monophasic

If the instructions suggest that you can drink the contents of the blister in any order, these are single-phase or monophasic COCs: all tablets will contain the same doses of active ingredients. From a convenience standpoint, they are the best, according to women, and are leaders in the overall ranking of hormonal combined contraceptives. However, doctors argue that monophasic medications are the least physiological, since it is natural for the body to change hormonal levels during the menstrual cycle.

Representatives of this group:

• Silest;
• Femoden;
• Mercilon.

Two-phase

If we look for a compromise between single-phase and three-phase contraceptive drugs, these will be biphasic: they involve 2 types of tablets in a blister, differing in combinations of estrogen with progestin (the proportion of the latter is increased). They have side effects less often than monophasic ones, since they become closer to the natural processes in the female body. Their degree of protection is high, the doses of hormones are average, so it is easier to choose two-phase contraceptives for a sensitive organism than three-phase ones. Representatives of this group:

• Dimia;
• Nouvelle.

Three-phase drugs

The most natural for a girl’s body are combined contraceptives, the dosage of active substances in which changes during the cycle. Three-phase medications have a special dosage regimen, according to which different doses of estrogen and progestin are supplied to the body at each stage of the menstrual cycle, so there are fewer adverse reactions with such tablets. If a specialist is able to choose the right contraceptives for you, protection against unwanted ovulation will be 100%.

Among three-phase COCs, the following stand out:

• Trisiston;
• Tri-mercy.

Classification of COCs according to the content of active ingredients

When considering combined contraceptives, doctors recommend paying attention to the proportion of estradiol, since it is largely responsible for ovulation and possible negative consequences from taking the drug. The amount of gestagen changes significantly only in biphasic COCs at the 1st and 2nd stages of the cycle, which plays almost no role for the general classification.

Microdosed hormonal agents

In patients under 25 years of age, the use of combined contraceptives for a long time is not recommended by gynecologists due to the large number of adverse reactions that appear when synthetic hormones accumulate. Gynecologists recommend that girls pay attention to microdosed contraceptives, where the amount of estrogen does not exceed 20 mcg:

• Lindinet-20 – with long-term use (from 3 months) relieves pain during the cycle, often prescribed after curettage of the epithelium for its growth.
• Zoely is a combination of estrogen and nomegestrol, both components of natural origin, which sets this medicine apart from other COCs.

Low-dose birth control pills

Women who have already given birth, or those who have experienced spotting bleeding while taking microdose contraceptives (due to low amounts of estrogen), can try options with a higher dose of synthetic estradiol: this is 30 mcg. Most of the drugs whose names are well-known due to advertising are included in this group. The most effective:

• Tri-Mercy is a three-phase OC, created on the basis of estradiol with desogestrel, which normalizes hormonal levels well, but suppresses libido. After withdrawal, severe hormonal disruption is noticeable.
• Diane-35 - contains 35 mcg of estradiol combined with cyproterone, has a strong antiandrogenic effect, can be used to treat acne and hirsutism.

High-dose drugs

If the previous categories do not suit the woman, the doctor may consider the advisability of using hormonal drugs with 50 mcg of estradiol or higher. Such contraceptives cannot be purchased without a specialist prescription: they greatly change hormonal levels and are mainly used to treat diseases of the endocrine and reproductive systems. Often gynecologists prescribe:

• Triquilar - the reliability of this COC is high, the amount of estrogen reaches only 40 mcg, levonorgestrel - 25 mcg. Compared to other three-phase options, it is easier to tolerate.
• Trizeston - the body must be absolutely healthy to take this OC (especially relevant for the heart), smoking cannot be combined with it at all, but protection against pregnancy is up to 98%.

Mini-pill

Low-dose preparations of the non-combined type contain only gestagen, the proportion of which ranges from 300-500 mcg. Mini-pills only affect cervical mucus, thickening it, which prevents sperm from passing through it or embryo implantation. Their advantage is the ability to get by with minimal side reactions, permission to take during lactation, but their effectiveness is not higher than 95%.

Most Popular:

• Microlute - each mini-pill contains 0.03 mg of gestagen, you need to drink 1 piece every day, according to a strict schedule (at the same hour). The order is maintained according to the diagram attached to the blister; taking the mini-pill begins on the first day of the cycle.
• Charozetta - these contraceptives contain 0.075 mg of progestin, which increases their effectiveness if taken according to instructions. These mini-pills have no effect on hemostasis and metabolic processes and have few contraindications.

How to choose birth control pills

Experts divide all types of drugs that prevent unwanted pregnancy into 3 large categories, each of which works in certain conditions. You need to decide which birth control pills are best to take not only based on ratings and reviews, but after clarifying the situation in which you find yourself. Medicines can be topical or oral, used before or after sexual intercourse.

Hormonal oral contraceptives

To influence a woman’s reproductive system, it is impossible to do without the use of hormones, and the most important ones here are estrogen and gestagen of synthetic origin. Based on them, several dozen modern contraceptives were created, divided into 3 groups:

• Based on estrogen - used primarily as a medicine for deficiency of this hormone. They make sense for amenorrhea, during menopause. Gynodiol, Estrace are the most famous names of such drugs. The disadvantage lies in the frequent intolerance of large doses of estrogen in women.
• With a high dose of gestagens (Laktinet, Exluton) - otherwise called mini-pills, they are considered good contraceptives for breastfeeding women, but do not correct the menstrual cycle or suppress ovulation. After withdrawal, the body recovers without obvious difficulties. The dosage of hormones is low.
• The combined type (Silhouette, Jess) involves a different ratio of estrogens and gestagens with a predominance of the latter, and belongs to the new generation of drugs. If taken according to instructions and without omissions, it is a soft option with maximum reliability.

Non-hormonal contraceptives

Spermicides (Benatex, Contratex, Traceptin) work locally, so this contraception is used only before sexual intercourse and additionally serves as protection against pathogenic microorganisms. Non-hormonal contraceptives have few side effects and contraindications, which gives them an advantage over taking oral medications. However, they cannot be used daily, and among the significant disadvantages is that they cause irritation of the vaginal mucosa.

Birth control after intercourse

Doctors identify emergency contraception as a separate category, which should not be used often: these are not the best, but strong drugs that cause damage to health and the reproductive system. There are 2 options:

• Levonorgestrel drugs (Escapel, Microlut) - these contraceptives are taken within 24 hours after sexual intercourse: 1 tablet immediately and 1 more after 12 hours.
• Medicine containing mifepristone (Zhenale, Mifolian) must be taken within 72 hours after sexual intercourse.

Mechanism of action of oral contraceptives

The key difference between medications that need to be taken orally and vaginally is the effect on the hormonal levels of the whole body, and not on the vaginal microflora. Oral contraception is distinguished for its good performance when comparing effectiveness with local contraception, because:

• Non-combined and combined oral contraceptives change the thickness of cervical mucus in the cervix, which impedes the movement of sperm, and thins the endometrium.
• The high content of sex hormones in combined oral medications blocks ovulation, preventing the egg from maturing.

How to choose birth control pills

You need to entrust the task of choosing contraceptives to a specialist: only after consulting a gynecologist, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, examination of the mammary glands and passing a detailed analysis (blood from a vein) can you approach the choice of contraceptives. Even the best contraceptives can be dangerous, so do not neglect a visit to the doctor and do not try to choose them yourself.

Drugs of choice

The best oral contraceptives are the safest, but with close to 100% effectiveness. They are selected individually; after a month of use, the doctor evaluates the result and decides to extend the course or adjust it. Possible options:

• If your sexual life is not too active, doctors advise you to use non-hormonal contraceptives based on nonoxynol (Enkea, Pharmatex).
• For a sensitive body, new generation single-phase tablets (Novinet, Jess) are desirable, which contain small amounts of estrogen (up to 20 mcg) - they cause less harm to hormonal levels.
• For women aged 27 years or more (especially before menopause), gynecologists recommend taking combined hormonal three-phase contraceptives (Tri-regol, Triquilar).

Contraception for hormonal disorders

If a woman begins to suddenly become overweight, accompanied by looseness, there is swelling, and several menstrual cycles have passed unscheduled, the doctor may prescribe microdosed medications with a contraceptive effect, but first of all she will need to undergo tests to find out what indicators need to be regulated. Only combined hormonal pills can act as medicine: Marvelon, Jess, etc.

Effective tablets for gynecological diseases

Some of the contraceptives may not only have a contraceptive effect, but also help treat uterine fibroids, cervical pathologies, and endometriosis. It is possible to prevent ovarian cancer and polyposis. For this purpose, the use of combination drugs is primarily recommended, the course of use of which is adjusted by a gynecologist every 8 weeks. Possible appointment:

• Miniziston 20 fem;
• Lindinet-30.

How to take birth control pills correctly

A classic COC blister contains 21 tablets (dragées), which implies a course of 3 weeks, followed by a 7-day break. The only exception will be some three-phase drugs, where there are 28 tablets. There are several admission rules:

• Take contraceptives on a schedule: once a day at the selected hour (i.e., an interval of exactly 24 hours).
• If the medicine has been missed, take it as soon as possible.
• Do not pay attention to menstruation: from the 29th day, open a new package.

Side effects and contraindications

Most of the negative reactions to contraceptives are observed from the digestive system (nausea, vomiting), which can result in migraines and weight gain. The list of contraindications is determined by which contraceptives you choose - even the best ones have a long list. Doctors advise those who have:

• thrombosis;
• liver failure;
• hepatitis;
• tumors;
• diabetes;
• nicotine abuse.

The best birth control pills

• Jess - refers to monophasic contraceptives. Among the advantages of these popular pills is a low dose of estrogen (20 mcg versus 30 mcg), which makes them safer for women's health, without affecting the effectiveness of contraception. According to reviews, adverse reactions to Jess and Jess Plus are rare. The principle of administration is “24+4”: a smaller number are placebo tablets, the rest are active. The main disadvantage is the price per package - 1100 rubles.
• Novinet. These contraceptives are similar to Jess: the latest generation pills with a low dose of estrogen (20 mcg), but the additional component is desogestrel. The course of administration is 21 days, preferably used from the 3rd day of the cycle. After the course you need a week's break. Among the good points is that the drug is inexpensive - 490 rubles. for 21 tablets.

• Janine is also a representative of single-phase contraceptives, in which estrogen is observed in minimal doses, but higher than Jess: 30 mcg. Additionally, the antiadrogenic component dienogest was introduced. The reception schedule is the classic “21+7”. Among the disadvantages is a large number of adverse reactions. The cost of packaging for the course is 1000 rubles.
• Regulon is one of the monophasic contraceptives in the budget category (pack price - 490 rubles), taken according to the traditional “21+7” scheme. The composition is the same as Novinet: estrogen + desogestrel, but the former is 30 mcg, which increases the likelihood of adverse reactions in women.
• Yarina. Among the good contraceptive drugs, according to doctors, are the Yarina combined type contraceptives, which work on estrogen and drospirenone (30 mcg and 3 mg). Gynecologists also prescribe them to eliminate fluid retention (which provokes weight gain) in case of disturbances in estrogen levels. The course of admission is standard. The downside is a large number of side effects. Price - from 1100 rubles.
• Logest. These combined contraceptives, working on estrogen (20 mcg) and gestodene, have received a lot of good reviews: some women have been taking them for more than 10 years and confirm that there have been no unwanted pregnancies with them. You need to drink according to the classic scheme - 3 weeks on and a week off. The package price for the course is 800 rubles.
• Qlaira is a classic example of combined estrogen-based contraceptives with dienogest, which suppress ovulation. The package contains 4 types of active tablets and 1 placebo. Take it strictly according to the regimen, where the tablets are alternated in a certain order (they differ in color). A significant drawback is frequent adverse reactions, including problems with menstruation, if long-term use is practiced. The cost of packaging is 1200 rubles.
• Midiana. According to women and gynecologists, this contraceptive is an absolute analogue of Yarina, only cheaper (600-700 rubles). The composition is identical, the instructions, indications and contraindications are the same. In terms of side effects, especially after withdrawal, the situation is similar, which is the downside of these pills.
• Ovidone is not the most popular option for hormonal contraceptives, differing from those described above in the large amount of estrogen: 50 mcg. It is supplemented with levonorgestrel. According to gynecologists, these are very effective contraceptive pills that suppress ovulation, but they are recommended for use by women who have already given birth and are close to menopause. Active reception - 28 days. The risk of adverse reactions is high due to the large dose of estrogens. Budget price - 390 rubles.
• Non-ovlon is close in amount of estrogen to Ovidone (also 50 mcg), but the second component is norethisterone acetate. Take from 5 to 25 days of the menstrual cycle, standard break, lasts a week. The risks of a negative response from the body are high, but from a reliability standpoint, these COCs are leaders. It is difficult to find in pharmacies, so there is no information on the price.

Pros and cons of taking birth control pills

Hormonal contraceptives help to even out the menstrual cycle, improve the condition of the skin and hair, and prevent some diseases of the reproductive system. However, among the advantages there are also disadvantages:

• A large number of adverse reactions.
• Possible ovarian cysts.
• Unplanned bleeding.
• Delayed ovulation after withdrawal for 3-6 months.

Thanks to modern medicine and pharmacology, there are many ways that will help protect yourself without suppressing sensations, and at the same time, providing complete protection for the female body. Oral contraceptives have recently become increasingly popular. What are the safest birth control pills out there, and how to choose them?

Types of contraception

The issue of contraception today is very relevant, since the number of unwanted pregnancies is increasing every day. Nowadays, there are many different methods of protection, and they all differ significantly from each other. Main types:

• hormonal pills;
• suppositories;
• spirals;
• barrier agents;
• natural ways.

It is the hormonal group of drugs that has recently become increasingly popular due to the ease of use and the results themselves. If 10 years ago hormonal pills were not so safe, and their range left much to be desired, today pharmacology has made a significant step forward.

In the modern world, birth control medications exist not only in the form of tablets, but also in the form of:

• plasters;
• vaginal rings;
• injections;
• candles.

Oral contraceptives are the most effective; the level of protection against such drugs is about 99%. Moreover, in addition to the function of protection, such drugs are often prescribed for therapeutic purposes. Recently, cases have become more frequent when they are prescribed to restore or normalize the menstrual cycle, to eliminate polycystic ovary syndrome and for a rebound effect.

Interesting fact:

Scientists have proven that such drugs are absolutely safe and harmless to the female body.

How do new generation birth control pills differ from their predecessors:

• lower dosage of hormones while maintaining reliability and effectiveness;
• the use of new analogues of female sex hormones - ethanyl estradiol and levonorgestrel;
• the use of new third-generation progestagents - norgestimate, gestodene, desogestrel;
• a new type has appeared called mini-pills, which do not contain gestagen, and the amount of hormones is at a minimum.

It is worth noting that modern birth control pills are almost all combined. This means that they contain two main components:

1. Synthetic estrogen.
2. A progestogen component, which is usually available in the form of various progestogens.

However, that's not all. Based on the dosage of the main components available in the drug, they can be divided into the following groups:

• monophasic;
• two-phase;
• three-phase.

The new mini-pill contraceptive pills belong to the monophasic group, and are excellent not only for protection before the first pregnancy, but also during lactation.

The principle of action of hormonal contraceptives

All combined oral contraceptives (COCs) contain sex hormones (estrogens and gestagens). The main principle of their action is to suppress the ovulation process, as a result, protection from unwanted pregnancy. What causes ovulation suppression?

Firstly, the natural fluid that is secreted in the cervix is ​​thickened and affects the penetration of sperm. Due to compaction and change of flora, it is quite difficult for sperm to penetrate the cervical canal, and sometimes they can even die when they enter the vagina. In this case, their penetration into the uterus is excluded. Secondly, due to the entry of new hormones into the female body, the production of natural ones is blunted, as a result of which the egg does not mature.

In the process of contraception, the endometrium becomes much thinner. Because of this, even if the egg is somehow fertilized, it will not be able to attach. As a result, pregnancy does not occur.

Today, this method of protection is one of the most effective and safe.

Modern contraceptives have no side effects, which is another undoubted advantage. Scientists have noticed that by taking COCs, the condition of the skin improves, hair disappears, hair becomes thicker, the amount of hair loss is significantly reduced, and nails become stronger. Therefore, recently you can often hear that dermatologists prescribe such drugs to combat various dermatological problems.

Video “How to choose the right oral contraceptives?”

Informational video with advice from an obstetrician-gynecologist on the selection of oral contraceptives.

Mini-pills - what they are and the main advantages of the drug

Some of the best birth control pills available today are the mini-pill. Their main advantage over various types of hormonal drugs is that the mini-pill contains only progestan. Nevertheless, the effect of taking this type of remedy is no less positive.

The principle of operation is also similar to COCs. To protect against unwanted pregnancy, mini-pills make the mucus from the cervix thicker and the endometrium thinner, which prevents conception.

Despite the small amount of hormones contained in the drug, it is strictly not recommended to prescribe them to yourself. As in the case of COCs, mini-pills can provoke hormonal disorders, unscheduled bleeding, as well as various gynecological pathologies. Therefore, you should not start taking this type of medication without a doctor’s recommendation.

How to choose birth control pills?

In fact, the process of choosing oral contraceptives is quite simple and ideally this should be done by the attending physician. However, in the modern world, women often do not find time for additional examinations and visits to the gynecologist, and prescribe contraceptive drugs on their own.

In such cases, it is necessary to adhere to some important nuances when choosing a product:

Most often, when choosing a remedy on your own, preference is given to combined contraceptives, since they do an excellent job of preventing unwanted conception, as well as treating gynecological diseases and disorders. It is COCs that are most often prescribed by dermatologists. This is the safest and most effective option on the pharmaceutical market.

If there are contraindications, it is better to stop taking OCs altogether. Contraindications include:

• diabetes;
• phlebeurysm;
• diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• impaired metabolism in the body;
• malignant formations;
• pregnancy and lactation;
• age over 40 years.

These are not all contraindications; a detailed list is in the instructions for each individual drug; before starting to take it, you must read this list.

Non-hormonal contraceptives

Since medicine does not stand still, today you can even find non-hormonal contraceptives. Unlike hormonal OCs, non-hormonal OCs can be used immediately after childbirth, during breastfeeding, and also for those women who have contraindications to taking COCs.

The main principle of their action is the destruction of sperm that penetrate the vagina, as well as the thickening of the mucus secreted by the cervix and the formation of a protective membrane.

Interesting fact:

Non-hormonal contraceptive drugs are based on spermicides, which also help slow down the speed of sperm movement.

It is important that non-hormonal contraceptives are also a kind of protection for women from sexually transmitted infections. This is due to the existing antibacterial, antiseptic and antimicrobial actions.

This method of protection belongs to the barrier chemical type and is a fairly convenient and safe option. These are reliable birth control pills that do not contribute to hormonal imbalances and are an excellent prevention against various sexually transmitted diseases. Even such more or less safe pharmaceutical products should be prescribed only by the attending physician.

Contraceptive creams and suppositories

Also, in addition to the tablet form, there are non-hormonal suppositories and creams to protect against unwanted pregnancy. Unlike hormonal drugs, local remedies are less effective, but recently this form has been gaining particular popularity.

Many pharmacological manufacturers offer the form of suppositories, ointments and creams, the composition of which contains nonoxynol or benzalkonium chloride. Advantages of local non-hormonal contraceptives:

• ease of use;
• the effect of additional lubrication from suppositories, ointments, creams;
• only a small number of side effects;
• protecting women from infections;
• a wide selection of products and the ability to use during breastfeeding, immediately after childbirth.

However, this form of funds also has its disadvantages:

• vaginal creams and suppositories can provoke a change in the vaginal microflora;
• itching and burning, allergic reactions and rashes may occur;
• lower percentage of protection.

As a rule, topical remedies are used immediately before sexual intercourse, about 10 minutes before. The effect of suppositories and creams lasts no more than 4 hours.

Rules for taking hormonal OCs

Any oral contraceptives must be taken, adhering to certain schemes and rules. They are usually indicated in the instructions for the drug. If the rules are not followed, unscheduled bleeding may occur, as well as unwanted pregnancy and hormonal imbalance.

Typically, one package of the drug contains 21 tablets, this amount is designed for one cycle. Basic rules for taking OK:

1. You should start taking it on the first day of your menstrual cycle.
2. It is necessary to take the tablets at approximately the same time, preferably in the evening. To remember, you can set a reminder on your phone.
3. You must take the tablets daily, without breaks, until the tablets in the blister run out. Afterwards, you need to take a break for 7 days, just at this time menstrual bleeding should begin.
4. After a 7-day break, you need to start a new pack, regardless of whether your period has ended or not.
5. If you suddenly forget to take a pill, you need to resume taking it as soon as possible.
6. For the first two weeks, it is also necessary to use a barrier method of protection (condoms).
7. If slight bleeding occurs in the middle of the cycle, do not stop taking the drug. If there is severe bleeding, you should consult a doctor.

Also, you should not stop taking OK in the middle of the cycle, since this is fraught with consequences such as cycle disruption and so on.

Are OK harmful?

When properly selected, OK drugs are absolutely safe for women. However, if selected incorrectly, various side effects may occur, such as excess weight, hair loss, etc. It is also worth paying attention to contraindications, in which case you can be completely confident in the safety of the product. If you have diabetes, diseases of the cardiovascular system, as well as liver and kidney problems, you should stop taking COCs.

You should not give preference to this method of protection even if you have a bad habit - smoking, since OCs place a significant burden on the heart.

Interesting fact:

With regular use of OCs, sexual activity may decrease. This is due to a decrease in testosterone production.

Birth control pills - which are better?

There is a certain rating of the most popular oral contraceptives, which are most often prescribed by gynecologists both for therapeutic purposes and for contraception. Each drug contains different hormones, the dosage of which also differs.

Jess is an excellent option for reproductive age

Jess are the best oral contraceptives of the new generation, excellent for women of reproductive years. Very often prescribed by gynecologists to normalize the menstrual cycle, combat polycystic ovary syndrome and hormonal imbalances. As a nice addition, it can be used to combat acne and other skin problems.

Jess contains estrogens and gestagens that block the ovulation process. This affects pain during menstruation and PMS. Reduces anemia and discomfort, shortens the duration of menstruation, and is prescribed for severe PMS symptoms.

The main advantage over other drugs is the low concentration of active components.

Jess Plus - improved version

Jess Plus is a more improved version of Jess, which, in addition to the hormones responsible for inhibiting ovulation, contains calcium leaomefolate. This is a type of folic acid that is essential for women's health.

Despite the low concentration of hormones, Jess Plus provides up to 99% guarantee against unwanted conception. If pregnancy does occur, then thanks to the folic acid present in the composition, the risks of disorders of the baby’s nervous system are reduced. Can be taken from 18 years of age until menopause.

Yarina and Yarina plus - the most popular OK

The first place in the ranking of birth control pills is a drug called Yarina. They help stabilize the cycle, have a minimal number of side effects and perfectly perform their direct function of protection.

Unlike many other COCs, Yarina does not cause weight gain and is excellent at combating acne, other rashes and dermatological problems. However, it has a small drawback - with long-term use, you may notice the occurrence of frequent headaches.

Just like Jess, it has a more improved version - Yarina Plus with folic acid. It is this drug that experts often give their preference, since Yarina Plus is easily tolerated by most patients, does not cause unscheduled bleeding and promotes a rebound effect.

Novinet is a drug with minimal side effects

The main effect of Novinet is to block ovulation and the production of luteinizing hormone, which helps slow down the movement of sperm. The tablets do not cause pain or discomfort during menstruation and have a minimal number of side effects.

The most common symptoms observed during administration were nausea and sometimes vomiting. Partial hair loss and migraines may occur. A feature and an undeniable advantage can be considered the ability to take Novinet already 3 weeks after birth. However, do not forget that this is still a hormonal drug and it can provoke an increase in milk production during breastfeeding.

Janine is a monophasic low-dose remedy

Thanks to the main three actions, the contraceptive effect is ensured: suppression of ovulation, increasing the viscosity of secretions from the cervical canal, reducing the thickness of the endometrium. The drug can be classified as a monophasic low-dose oral contraceptive. Most reviews about Janine are positive.

Regulon - COC, analogue of Janine

Quite often, Regulon is prescribed by gynecologists to normalize the cycle, as well as to eliminate unscheduled uterine bleeding. It is an analogue of Janine, the composition is similar, as are the actions. Many women who use Regulon note its quality and focus on reliability.

Gynecologists often prescribe Regulon to young girls, even teenagers. Does not cause side effects even with long-term use. There are many positive reviews on the Internet about the therapeutic properties of Regulon.

Logest – minimum hormone content

These are the best new generation contraceptives with minimal hormone content. In addition to the main contraceptive function, it has a therapeutic and preventive effect on female cancer. After its cancellation, reproductive functions are immediately restored. This allows as soon as possible.

Klaira – natural OK

Klaira is the first OC of the fifth generation. Thanks to the main active component - estradiolavalerate, it perfectly combats the symptoms of menopause.

The main difference is a change in the order of administration, thanks to a unique dynamic dosing regimen. This is a four-phase hormonal drug, the packaging of which contains:

• 2 placebo tablets without active ingredient;
• 26 tablets with an active component and effect, where the dosage of the substance is different.

During administration, the dosage of estrogen gradually decreases, but the dosage of gestagen, on the contrary, increases. Thanks to this, the effect of taking it is significantly increased. Today, Qlaira is a revolutionary drug with a high degree of protection and the ability to treat female diseases.

Popular questions about birth control pills

Even the best birth control pills have their own characteristics of use, so quite often women who take them have a lot of questions about the effect of the drug on their body.

How long can I take OK?

Previously, hormonal contraceptives were quite strong drugs that could cause serious harm to the female body. In this regard, most of them could not be applied on an ongoing basis. Today, OCs have been invented with a minimal number of side effects that can be taken for a long time.

However, it is still not worth taking birth control regularly. Periodically you need to take breaks and change the medication you are taking. However, in the absence of side effects, OCs can be used for quite a long time under medical supervision.

Is it possible to get pregnant after stopping contraceptives?

According to gynecologists, it can happen much faster. Even if it was previously impossible to conceive a child. After discontinuation, the likelihood of pregnancy increases significantly several times. Sometimes doctors use the so-called rebound effect to treat infertility.

Is it possible to get pregnant while taking OK?

Despite the fact that COCs are a fairly reliable method of contraception, pregnancy cannot be ruled out while taking them. However, this occurs quite rarely. Another thing is due to a violation of the dosage regimen. If the break between taking pills is more than 24 hours, the effect of protection is significantly reduced.

The main function of the OC is also reduced due to the use of other drugs - antibiotics, various herbal infusions, and so on. Doctors recommend using the barrier method for the first 2 weeks from the moment you start taking the drug.

OK or spiral – what to choose?

Many women believe that the intrauterine device is a safer method of birth control. Moreover, it is safer both in terms of unwanted pregnancy and in terms of the effect on the female body. However, according to gynecologists, this is far from the case.

Still, it is worth remembering that the intrauterine device is a foreign body in the uterine cavity, which can cause inflammation. Tablets are a safer and more reliable option. In the event of an unplanned pregnancy, pills are also the best option, since they do not pose any threat to the fetus, unlike the intrauterine device.

In the 20th century, contraception received a huge boost in development. However, attempts to combat unwanted pregnancy were made in ancient Egypt and America, where they used douching with special herbal decoctions after sexual intercourse. Medicine does not stand still, so we will consider the most effective birth control pills of the new generation.

Which tablets to choose

Most often, a young woman relies on the opinion of a doctor or pharmacist when choosing contraceptives. It is best if the girl first receives minimal information about the types of contraception and birth control pills in particular, in order to ask a specialist about the differences between certain drugs. Remember that each product has side effects, and a person may be intolerant to any component.

Effective drugs

Despite the fact that combined tablets are more reliable in their composition and action, they should not be used without a special examination of hormonal levels and consultation with a doctor. Recently, among hormonal drugs, women have been attracted to “mini-pill” tablets, which have only one hormone, but are reliable, and can also be taken while breastfeeding. For ladies who cannot tolerate estrogen, these medications are also suitable.

Emergency contraception

There are pills that contain high levels of hormones, but they can only be taken once a month immediately after sexual intercourse. This emergency contraception is suitable for people with irregular sex life. New drugs appear every day, but which one is right for your body, you need to decide with your doctor.

Types of hormonal birth control pills

Recently, hormonal tablets, which contain one or more hormonal substances in a minimal amount, have become popular. These can be estrogens (ethinyl estradiol, mestranol, levonorgestrel, norethinodrel) or progestogens (gestodene, desogestrel, norgestimate). More often, tablets are produced as combined tablets, that is, they contain both estrogen and gestagen components.

Monophasic drugs

According to dosage, tablets are divided into mono-, two- and three-phase. In the first option, they all have the same hormone composition. This category includes medicines “Silest”, “Rigevidon”, “Regulon”, “Novinet”, “Marvelon”, “Mersilon”.

Two- and three-phase tablets

In the second group, the dose of hormones is changed twice per dose, so the tablets come in packages of different colors. This is the drug “Anteovin”. In the third category, the dosage changes three times, and the tablets are colored in three colors. This group includes medications “Triziston”, “Tri-mercy”, “Tri-regol”.

Classification of tablets by hormone dose

Microdosed birth control pills contain a small amount of ethinyl estradiol (the names of just a few of them are Novinet, Qlaira, Mercilon, Lindinet-20). This group of drugs has no side effects. They can correct some hormonal imbalances such as acne or painful menstruation. Women of any age take them, but these pills are most suitable for nulliparous girls (up to 25 years old) who have regular sex life.

Low-dose drugs

Low-dose tablets contain several other hormones along with ethinyl estradiol. Together they can eliminate acne, hair loss or prevent hair growth on the face. Therefore, these tablets (Femoden, Regulon, Midiana, Belara, Zhanin, Yarina, Marvelon) are suitable for young women who have undergone childbirth.

Medium and high dose medications

Medium- and high-dose tablets contain two hormones: levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol. With an average dosage, the products (“Chloe”, “Tri-regol”, “Demoulen”, “Diane-35”) are suitable for women over 30 years old who have not recovered from childbirth, but have already weaned their children. High-dose tablets (Ovidon, Non-Ovlon, Milvane) are prescribed in case of serious hormonal disorders.

Non-hormonal tablets

Non-hormonal tablets (Pharmatex, Traceptin, Ginakotex) do not contain hormones, therefore they are suitable for women after childbirth and during lactation, as well as for those who cannot take hormonal drugs. The popularity of such drugs is associated with antiseptic and antimicrobial effects. As a result, a woman is protected from most infections that she can contract during sexual intercourse.

Features of the action of spermicides

Non-hormonal tablets act as follows: spermicides, the main component of the drug, slow down the speed of sperm and destroy them. In addition, a woman’s body forms a protective film on the vagina. The mucus in the cervical canal thickens to such an extent that sperm cannot penetrate the uterus. That is, these drugs do not affect a woman’s hormonal levels. Compare how hormonal drugs work: due to estrogen and progesterone, the production of other hormones responsible for the maturation of follicles is inhibited, as a result of which the development of the egg is suppressed.

Birth control pills: names of the most popular drugs

The best pills for women: Novinet and Janine

Birth control pills: list of new generation drugs

Contraindications for taking birth control pills

Both hormonal and non-hormonal birth control pills have pros and cons. Names of diseases for which hormonal drugs should not be taken:

• thrombosis and blood clotting diseases;
• heart diseases;
• migraine;
• breast and genital cancer;
• liver diseases;
• high blood pressure;
• diabetes;
• epilepsy.

Side effects

Hormonal pills are also contraindicated for smokers, breastfeeding women and women before surgery. Therefore, the attending physician prescribes this or that drug. Self-medication can lead to side effects:

• vomit;
• nausea;
• headache;
• irritability;
• painful sensations in the chest;
• copious vaginal discharge;
• allergy;
• weight gain.

If contraceptive pills are chosen correctly (only the gynecologist will indicate the names in each case individually), then after a few months (on average 3) of adaptation to the drug, the woman’s menstrual cycle normalizes, pain during menstruation decreases, some female diseases disappear, irritability and hysteria disappear.

Oral contraceptives partially or completely suppress ovulation, which prevents pregnancy. The tablets are reliable and convenient to take, but due to the hormones they contain, the drugs can be hazardous to health.

Oral contraceptives help protect yourself from unwanted pregnancy

How to choose contraceptives?

It is better to entrust the choice of oral female contraception to a specialist; the doctor will determine the woman’s phenotype, prescribe an analysis to determine sugar levels, hormonal levels, mammography, and ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

Estrogenic phenotype

Women of short or average height, with medium or large mammary glands, deep voices, dry skin, non-greasy hair. The duration of the female cycle is more than 28 days, the duration of menstruation is 5–7 days. PMS manifests itself in the form of nervousness, the chest becomes dense, painful. This phenotype is characterized by copious discharge of leucorrhoea, but pregnancy proceeds without any special symptoms or complications.

For such women, it is better to choose drugs with a large amount of gestagen - Rigevidon, Miniziston.

Progesterone phenotype

Women are tall, have an angular build, they have a low voice, small mammary glands, oily skin and hair, and frequent acne. The menstrual cycle is short, periods last 3–4 days, but the discharge is heavy. PMS manifests itself in the form of depression, lower back pain. Little leucorrhoea is produced, pregnancy is accompanied by significant weight gain.

Women of the progesterone phenotype are distinguished by severe toxicosis during pregnancy

Oral contraceptives must have an antiandrogenic effect - Yarina, Janine, Jess.

Balanced Phenotype

Representatives of the mixed type are characterized by feminine shapes, average height, medium-sized breasts, normal skin and hair. The duration of the cycle is 28 days, the duration of menstruation is 5 days, there are practically no manifestations of PMS, moderate leucorrhoea. Pregnancy proceeds normally, without any special complications.

Suitable birth control pills are Novinet, Regulon.

Classification of oral contraception

All contraceptive pills are divided into 2 large groups - mini-pills and combined oral contraceptives; they also differ in the amount of hormones.

Types of oral contraceptives:

1. Microdosed– with a minimal content of hormones, they are prescribed to nulliparous women, girls who are taking birth control pills for the first time, or to those over 35. The pills have virtually no contraindications and have a pronounced cosmetic effect.
2. Low dosage– suitable for women who have given birth, can be taken 1.5 months after birth to prevent re-pregnancy. Tablets are also prescribed if spotting occurs when taking microdoses. Contraceptives prevent the growth of unwanted hair, the appearance of acne, and have a beneficial effect on the condition of the skin.
3. Highly dosed– drugs with a high content of hormones are often prescribed as therapeutic drugs for hormonal disorders, endometriosis.

The pills must be taken at the same time; if this rule is regularly violated, you must additionally use condoms, since the effectiveness of oral contraceptives decreases if taken irregularly.

Mini-pills and COCs - how are they different?

Mini-pills are the easiest contraceptives, they are safe, have a small number of contraindications and side effects, and contain only progestogen. The drugs affect the consistency of vaginal mucus, making it viscous and dense, which prevents sperm from penetrating into the fallopian tubes. When taking pills regularly, the conditions for the implantation of a fertilized egg worsen; in 50% of women, ovulation does not occur at all. Progestin drugs are prescribed for uterine myoma, adenomyosis, endometriosis.

The action of the mini-pill is based on creating obstacles for the penetration of sperm into the fallopian tubes

All combined contraceptives contain the same dose of progesterone - this hormone prevents the onset of ovulation; the tablets differ only in the estrogen content.

COC classification:

• monophasic drugs - contain an equal ratio of estrogen and progestogen;
• biphasic - the dose of gestagen changes twice, depending on the period of the monthly cycle;
• three-phase tablets - the gestagen content changes 3 times, depending on the phase of the cycle.

You should start taking contraceptives on the first day of your period, or on the day of a medical abortion. They will begin to act after 14 days, so you need to use additional contraception for 2 weeks.

List of the best oral contraceptives

When choosing birth control pills, you need to take into account age, presence of children, phenotype, before starting to take it, read the instructions, study contraindications and possible adverse reactions.

Mini-pill

Mini-pills belong to the group of progestogens, each tablet contains desogestrel or linestrenol. The product is best suited for breastfeeding women, or if it is impossible to take estrogens, the tablets prevent the release of the egg, change the consistency of cervical discharge, and are considered relatively harmless and gentle.

Oral contraceptives are taken from the first day of the cycle daily

List of the best pills

Contraindications:

• thrombosis, problems with cerebral circulation, angina pectoris;
• hormone-dependent malignant neoplasms;
• severe forms of hypertension;
• serious liver pathologies;
• allergies to soy, peanuts, lactose.

The package contains 28 tablets, you need to take them without interruption. You need to start taking it from the first day of the cycle; if a woman starts taking pills from days 2 to 5, then she needs to use barrier contraception for a week.

With the right choice of oral contraceptives, spotting in the middle of the cycle should stop after a maximum of 3 months.

A combination drug with a low content of hormones, containing gestodene and ethinyl estradiol, contraceptive pills. It has an estrogen-gestagenic effect, the mechanism of action is based on the suppression of the production of hormones that are necessary for the maturation of the egg, changes in the secretion of vaginal secretions. Price – 860–880 rub.

Femoden changes the secretion of vaginal discharge

Tablets are prescribed to prevent conception, normalize the cycle, and reduce heavy bleeding.

Contraindications:

• presence in the anamnesis of liver tumors, severe forms of pancreatitis, thromboembolism;
• diabetes mellitus with vascular complications;
• migraine;
• uterine bleeding of unknown origin.

Take 1 tablet daily from the first day of the cycle for 3 weeks, take a seven-day break, continue taking the drug, even if your period has not yet ended. The contraceptive effect of the medicine is maintained if the errors in taking the pills are less than 12 hours.

All birth control pills should not be drunk with an established or suspected pregnancy, uterine bleeding of unknown origin.

Combined monophasic contraceptive, contains drospirenone and ethinylestradiol, 28 tablets in a blister. Price – 1170–1200 rub.

Jess is intended not only for contraception, but also for the treatment of severe manifestations of PMS

A drug with an antiandrogenic effect, improves skin condition, normalizes the cycle, reduces the pain of menstruation, bleeding becomes less abundant, reduces the risk of developing malignant tumors of the endometrium and ovaries. Drospirenone prevents weight gain, the appearance of edema, reduces the manifestation of PMS.

Jess is intended for contraception, sometimes it is prescribed for the treatment of acne, the elimination of severe symptoms of PMS.

Contraindications:

• thrombosis, thromboembolism;
• migraine, diabetes, vascular pathologies;
• pancreatitis, severe liver and kidney pathologies, adrenal gland diseases;
• malignant tumors.

Start drinking tablets from the 1st day of the cycle, it is possible to start taking them on the 2nd-5th day using additional contraceptives during the week. Take the medicine with meringue break, start a new package immediately after the end of the previous blister.

Cheap pills contain ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel and are classified as triphasic contraceptives. The action of the drug is aimed at suppressing the synthesis of gonadotropic hormones - the rate of egg maturation decreases, ovulation does not occur. Tri-Regol is prescribed for contraception and normalization of the cycle. Price – 310–330 rub.

Tri-Regol is the most affordable option for tablets that prevent egg maturation

Contraindications:

• age over 40 years;
• lactation;
• jaundice;
• thrombosis, thromboembolism;
• severe diabetes mellitus;
• disruptions in lipid metabolism;
• diseases of the gallbladder, liver, chronic colitis, cardiovascular system;
• migraine;
• some forms of anemia;
• otosclerosis with hearing impairment;
• recent surgeries;
• lactose intolerance.

Take 1 tablet daily for 21 days, take a break for a week, your period should begin in 2-3 days. You should start drinking the next package strictly after 7 days, even if menstrual bleeding has not stopped yet.

Combined contraceptives contain dienogest and ethinyl estradiol, monophasic contraceptive pills with antiandrogenic action. Janine is prescribed to prevent unwanted pregnancy, normalize the cycle, reduce the pain of menstruation and the amount of discharge, for acne, androgenic seborrhea and alopecia. Price – 1.1–1.2 thousand rubles.

Janine is a monophasic drug to prevent unwanted pregnancy

Contraindications:

• vascular pathologies, thrombosis;
• serious liver diseases;
• malignant neoplasms.

Take 1 tablet from the first day of the cycle for 3 weeks, take a week break, continue taking the drug, even if your period has not yet ended.

The latest generation drug based on drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol is a monophasic low-dose oral contraceptive; the drug suppresses the onset of ovulation and increases the viscosity of the uterine cervical secretion. During use, the cycle normalizes, menstruation becomes less painful, the amount of discharge decreases, while extra pounds do not appear, and there is no swelling. Price – 1.2–1.3 thousand rubles.

Yarina is a monophasic low-dose drug of the latest generation

Contraindications:

• stroke, heart attack, angina pectoris, ischemic attacks, tendency to form blood clots;
• current or history of pancreatitis;
• diabetes with vascular complications;
• atrial fibrillation, hypertension, smoking after 35 years, vascular pathologies of the heart and brain;
• severe kidney and liver diseases;
• malignant neoplasms;
• period of natural feeding.

Take 1 tablet for 3 weeks, take the medicine from the next package after a week break. When switching from another contraceptive to Yarina, the scheme does not change - you need to drink new pills the next day after the old one, if the blister contains 28 pills, or after a standard seven-day break.

Low-dose monophasic drug with antiandrogenic and contraceptive effect, eliminates the manifestations of acne and seborrhea, 21 tablets per pack. Price – 700 rub.

In addition to the contraceptive effect, Siluet eliminates the manifestations of acne

Contraindications:

• thrombophlebitis, thrombosis;
• ischemia, angina pectoris;
• pancreatitis, jaundice, liver pathologies;
• hypertension;
• vascular complications that arose against the background of diabetes mellitus;
• epilepsy;
• lactation.

Take 1 tablet per day in the order indicated on the blister for 3 weeks, start taking the next pack after a seven-day break.

An inexpensive but effective low-dose monophasic contraceptive based on levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol. With regular intake of tablets, the cycle is normalized, the risk of neoplasms is reduced, the drug is prescribed for severe PMS, dysmenorrhea. Price – 480–500 rub.

Miniziston is an inexpensive contraceptive that normalizes the cycle and reduces the risk of neoplasms.

Contraindications:

• liver tumors, other malignant neoplasms;
• thromboembolism, heart disease;
• severe diabetes mellitus;
• idiopathic jaundice;
• otosclerosis;
• age over 40 years.

Take 1 tablet once a day from the first day of the cycle for 3 weeks. After which you need to take a seven-day break.

A reliable microdosed three-phase oral contraceptive containing dienogest and estradiol valerate, each package includes 4 types of tablets with different hormone ratios and 2 inactive tablets. The drug is prescribed to prevent pregnancy, reduce the intensity of PMS, and treat heavy and heavy menstrual bleeding. Price – 1.2 thousand rubles.

Qlaira is a reliable three-phase remedy with different hormone ratios

Contraindications:

• lactation;
• venous thromboembolism, blood diseases;
• a history of more than 2 factors for the formation of blood clots - genetic predisposition, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle;
• sore throat, heart valve abnormalities, history of heart attack or stroke;
• changes in blood pressure;
• severe forms of diabetes;
• mammary cancer;
• liver cancer, hepatitis, bile outflow disorder, gallstones.

Take 1 tablet, no need to chew, drink enough water, if there is a break between doses of up to 12 hours, the high contraceptive effect is maintained, you need to drink the medicine without a break.

A good micro-dosed monophasic drug for oral contraception, contains nomegestrol and estradiol, in a package of 24 active and tablets and 4 with placebo effect, they are prescribed to prevent conception. Price – 1.2–1.3 thousand rubles.

Zoely is a microdosed monophasic drug to prevent conception

Contraindications:

• thrombosis, thromboembolism;
• neurological migraines;
• angina pectoris, ischemic attacks;
• diabetes, severe hypertension;
• pancreatitis;
• severe liver pathologies;
• malignant hormone-dependent tumors;
• lactation;
• lactose intolerance.

Take the tablets in the sequence indicated on the blister, 1 tablet per day for 28 days.

Microdosed drug, contains ethinyl estradiol, desogestrel, has an estrogen-progestogenic, contraceptive effect, 21 tablets in a package. With long-term use, the condition of the skin improves, blood loss during menstruation is reduced, and the cycle becomes regular. Price – 500–520 rub.

With regular use of Novinet tablets, blood loss during menstruation is reduced, and the cycle becomes regular.

Contraindications:

• lactation, age over 35 years;
• thromboembolism, thrombosis or the presence of precursors to the development of diseases;
• migraine with signs of neurological disorders;
• diabetes with complications in the form of vascular pathologies;
• pancreatitis, liver dysfunction;
• identified or confirmed hormone-dependent neoplasms;
• otosclerosis;
• smoking.

You need to start taking the drug no later than the 5th day of the menstrual cycle for 3 full weeks, a break from 22 to 28 days, and from the 29th day start taking pills from a new package.

A highly dosed three-phase drug, containing levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol, prescribed as a contraceptive or for correcting the menstrual cycle, 21 tablets in a package. Price – 750 rub.

Triquilar is a high-dose drug that will help correct the menstrual cycle.

Contraindications:

• increased risk of blood clots;
• neurological migraine;
• severe forms of diabetes, pancreatitis, liver diseases;
• extensive injuries, surgical interventions;
• malignant tumors, suspicion of their presence.

How to use? The order of taking the tablets is indicated on the package; you need to take 1 tablet per day for 21 days, then take a week break. The product works even during a break.

Harm of oral contraceptives

Modern oral contraceptives reliably protect women from unwanted pregnancy, improve the appearance of the skin, and with regular use of the pills, the risk of developing breast, uterine, and ovarian cancer is reduced. But, despite the large number of advantages, contraceptive drugs also have side effects; they cannot be called absolutely safe for health.

Consequences of taking hormonal contraception:

• migraines, depression;
• early alopecia, appearance of age spots;
• the development of diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, thrombophlebitis, the risk of stroke increases;
• with long-term use, the functions of the reproductive organs are disrupted, the structure of the endometrium changes;
• when taking tablets for more than 3 years, the risk of developing glaucoma increases;
• if you take oral contraceptives for more than 5 years, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, and venous insufficiency may develop;
• decreased libido;
• deficiency of vitamins B2, B6, the absorption of folic acid is disrupted.

There are no birth control pills without side effects. To minimize the harm of hormonal drugs, you need to take regular breaks while taking them and give the body the opportunity to rest. To avoid conception, you can use non-hormonal contraceptives immediately before intercourse - Farmatex, Pantex Oval, which are intended for intravaginal administration. The risk of serious consequences, weight gain increases in women who smoke, hypertensive patients, if the pills are selected incorrectly, the timing of use should be determined by a doctor.

Birth control pills can also be taken during irregular sexual relations - the drugs help normalize the cycle, eliminate the symptoms of PMS, but do not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. If necessary, fertile functions are restored within 2–6 cycles after stopping contraception.

New generation contraceptives rarely cause serious side effects if used correctly, but the list of contraindications is quite long. Before starting to use oral contraceptives, it is necessary to do a comprehensive examination.

Today, every couple can plan to have children and control their sex life thanks to the pharmaceutical industry. A huge selection of contraceptives allows you to choose the appropriate method of protection against pregnancy and/or sexually transmitted infections.

Review of some contraceptives

The list of means and methods of protection includes a dozen items or more. This includes the calendar method, the use of spermicides (the so-called non-hormonal tablets and suppositories), and common condoms, and hormonal patches, rings, and the intrauterine device, and injections, and patches, and oral contraceptives. Read more about each method, especially birth control pills, below.

Coitus interruptus

The most unreliable options for preventing pregnancy are interrupted sexual intercourse and the calendar method. In general, PPA can hardly be called a method of contraception. The essence of the method is to remove the penis before ejaculation begins.

In 60% of couples who use PPA protection, pregnancy occurs in the first year of using the method. And according to statistics, 80% of women who became pregnant “accidentally” were protected by interrupted sexual intercourse. The problem is that not all men feel the onset of ejaculation. One “wrong” move, and the likelihood of getting pregnant increases significantly.

Calendar method

The method is slightly more effective than the previous one - 65%. For every hundred women who take the risk of using this method, there are 10-15 pregnancies per year. This method becomes more relevant after 30 than for young girls. Only girls and women with a regular menstrual cycle can afford to protect themselves in this way.

The essence of the method is to calculate the so-called dangerous days on the calendar and not have sex during this period. In general, from the 16th day until the expected start of the next period, the probability of conception is greatest. The most dangerous days fall in the middle of the cycle - from the 12th to the 18th day of the cycle (with a 28-day cycle).

Cons: errors, irregular cycle, in which it is almost impossible to accurately calculate the day of ovulation, hormonal imbalances. There are other nuances - if sexual intercourse occurred several days before the expected ovulation, sperm can live in the genital tract for several days and fertilize the egg even after such a seemingly long time. To increase the reliability of this method of contraception, you need to learn how to correctly calculate dangerous days. In addition to the calendar method, you can use ovulation test strips or monitor basal temperature charts.

Spermicides and non-hormonal tablets

Another not very effective method (70% reliability) is spermicides. These are special substances that are introduced into the vagina and negatively affect sperm, after which they can no longer fertilize a woman’s egg. Products with a similar mechanism of action are sold in pharmacies in the form of suppositories, creams, capsules or tablets, which are administered directly orally before sex.

Such non-hormonal ones (which ones are better to choose, reviews of different types below) are used by many women who, for one reason or another, are afraid to take conventional OCs (oral contraceptives). Such non-hormonal tablets are recommended for use in premenopausal women, patients with impaired functioning of the endocrine system, individual sensitivity and adverse reactions to conventional OCs. What is important, these can be used during breastfeeding (breastfeeding).

How to choose non-hormonal contraceptives? The ranking of the best is presented by the following tablets:

1. "Pharmatex". Available in the form of tablets, cream and suppositories. The average price of a package of 12 tablets is 250 rubles.
2. "Gynekotex". The same release form, price - 100 rubles for the same 12 tablets.
3. "Benatex". The cost of 10 tablets is 250-300 rubles.
4. "Erotex". Price 5 pcs. - 110 rubles.
5. "Contratex".

How to choose tablets? It is advisable to consult a doctor; otherwise, you should rely on your personal feelings when using it. Some pills, for example, cause itching in some women, which goes away when they switch to a different brand of medication.

Barrier contraception

Barrier methods protect not only from conception and unwanted pregnancy, but also from infections transmitted through sexual contact. But the reliability of such means is not 100% (moreover, no contraceptive means is 100% reliable, except complete abstinence from any sexual intercourse), but is only about 85%. Barrier methods include the use of condoms, but they can also break, and then all efforts will go in vain and blur the sensations of sexual intercourse.

Hormonal patches and ring

Other non-invasive methods include patches and hormonal rings. The effectiveness of such products reaches 92%. The patch adheres to the skin, but it is noticeable, requires regular replacement and is not suitable for use by women weighing more than 90 kg. The ring is inserted into the vagina, but also has disadvantages: in some cases it can cause a change in the nature of menstrual bleeding and disrupt the regularity of menstruation. These methods do not have additional contraceptive effects, such as treating acne, relieving PMS symptoms or preventing seborrhea.

Implants and injections

Hormonal implants and injections are essentially the same oral contraceptives, i.e. birth control pills, only with a different mechanism of action. If substances from tablets are absorbed through the digestive tract, then injectable contraceptives are administered intramuscularly. The frequency of injections is once a month or every three months. Implants are inserted into the shoulder and require replacement only once every five years. The effectiveness of the methods is 90-99%.

Such contraception, however, can cause migraines, changes in the menstrual cycle, hormonal imbalances, decreased sex drive or weight gain. Injections and implants, as a rule, are not used by young women who have not yet given birth; this method of contraception is more suitable for women between thirty and forty years old who do not plan to have a child in the near future.

Intrauterine device

The second most effective method of contraception after birth control pills is the intrauterine device. The method also refers to the barrier method, only the spiral is installed in the uterine cavity, preventing the embryo from fixing. But installing an IUD can cause changes in the nature of menstruation, sometimes causes pain, and increases the risk of developing various inflammations and the occurrence of an ectopic pregnancy.

Oral contraceptives

Oral contraceptives protect against unwanted pregnancy, but not against diseases transmitted through sexual contact. The newest birth control pills also have an additional effect: many drugs contain the active form of folic acid, so they relieve PMS symptoms, have an antidepressant effect, help fight acne, and improve the condition of the skin and hair. The reliability of OCs is 99.7%, but this method of contraception requires prior consultation with a gynecologist and the woman’s attentiveness and organization when taking it. It is this method of planned contraception that will be discussed further.

Classification of OK according to hormone content

All are divided into 2 large groups: combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and mini-pills. COCs contain an estrogen analogue and a progestogen. The mechanism of action of such tablets is that they block the onset of ovulation (the maturation of the egg and its readiness for conception), make implantation of the egg into the uterine cavity impossible due to “glandular regression” and thicken the mucus, which disrupts the movement of sperm to the female reproductive cell.

COCs are divided into groups according to the variation of hormones and their content. Thus, there are monophasic, two- and three-phase tablets (more about them below), as well as micro-dose, low-dose and high-dose COCs. Microdosed OCs are suitable for young girls, since the content of active substances in the tablets is minimal. The rating of birth control pills of this type is presented as follows:

1. "Jess."
2. "Marvelon".
3. "Klayra" (the only three-phase tablets in the list of microdosed ones).
4. "Dimia."
5. "Zoeli."
6. "Logest".
7. "Mersilon".
8. "Lindynet."
9. "Novinet."

Low-dose OCs are suitable for both young and more mature women; they can be used by those patients who experience intermenstrual bleeding when using microdosed tablets. These birth control pills are suitable for women who have given birth. In addition, low-dose OCs prevent hair growth in unwanted places, eliminate oily skin and acne, and reduce the manifestations of seborrhea.

1. "Yarina.
2. Tablets "Janine".
3. "Silhouette".
4. "Diana."
5. Femoden tablets.
6. "Tri-mercy."
7. "Lindynet."
8. Tablets "Silest".
9. "Miniziston" and others.

High-dose OCs can be taken only on the recommendation of a gynecologist. Such drugs are generally used for therapeutic purposes (for the treatment of endometriosis, hormonal disorders and other diseases). In the rating of birth control pills with a high concentration of hormones, the following are OK:

1. "Non-Ovlon."
2. "Trikivlar."
3. "Ovidon".
4. "Triseston".
5. "Tri-Regol."

Another type of contraceptives - mini-pills - contains only progestogen. The mini-pill affects the reproductive system only at the local level:

• increase the viscosity and amount of cervical mucus, which interferes with the free movement of sperm;
• change the biochemical and morphological structure of the uterine endometrium, which makes it impossible for the embryo to attach even in the case of fertilization.

Mini-pills completely block ovulation in only half of women, but this does not affect the reliability of the pills as a method of birth control.

1. "Charozetta" (800 rubles per package).
2. "Laktinet" (530 rub.).
3. "Orgametril" (1100 rub.).
4. "Exluton" (1250 rub.).

There is also emergency contraception, which is used if unprotected sex occurs, which can lead to pregnancy. These birth control pills are taken within 72 hours after sex. A common example of this type of OC is Postinor. You need to take birth control pills within 72 hours after sexual intercourse, otherwise emergency contraception will not have any effect. Such drugs cannot be used constantly.

Monophasic, two- and three-phase drugs

COCs also differ in variations in hormone content, being divided into monophasic, biphasic and triphasic. In monophasic tablets, the percentages of substances do not change in each tablet; in biphasic tablets, the ratio of active components changes in the first and second halves of the cycle; in three-phase tablets, the percentage of substances changes three times per package.

Monophasic birth control pills:

• "Regulon";
• "Rigevidon";
• "Janine";
• "Silhouette";
• "Lindynet";
• "Logest";
• "Femoden";
• "Mikrogynon" and others.

Two-phase OK:

• "Femoston";
• "Binovum";
• "Bifazil";
• "Adepal";
• "Anteovin" and others.

Three-phase are represented by the drugs "Tri-Mercy", "Triziston", "Tri-Regol" and others.

How to choose the right birth control pills

You cannot choose birth control pills on your own or even with the help of a pharmacist at a pharmacy. To find the right contraceptive, you should definitely see a doctor. The gynecologist will interview the patient, find out if there are any diseases (whether they were in the past) and which ones, and conduct an examination. During the examination, the gynecologist will measure the patient’s weight, blood pressure, assess the condition of the skin, palpate the breasts and prescribe tests. You may also need to visit an ophthalmologist, since long-term use of OCs increases the risk of various eye diseases.

The doctor chooses the tablets that are best suited for the patient depending on the phenotype. The phenotype takes into account the woman’s height and appearance, mammary glands, degree of hair growth, condition of the skin, hair, existing chronic diseases, the nature and frequency of menstruation, the presence and severity of PMS, and so on.

There are three main phenotypes:

1. Women of short or medium height whose skin and hair are prone to dryness. Menstruation is heavy and prolonged, the cycle is more than 28 days. Medium- and high-dose COCs are suitable for such patients, for example, Milvane, Triziston, Femoden and others.
2. Women of average height, with hair and skin of normal oil content, with medium-sized breasts. This type of woman does not have PMS symptoms or they do not cause negative, painful feelings. The menstrual cycle is standard - 5 days, every 28 days. Suitable tablets are Marvelon, Regulon, Tri-Mercy, Silest, Logest, Tri-Regol and others (most COCs on the market).
3. Women who are tall, have underdeveloped mammary glands, oily hair and skin. Menstruation is frequent and painful, but scanty, and PMS symptoms are often severe. Tablets "Yarina", "Jess", "Zoeli", "Dimia" are suitable.

Rating of oral contraceptives

Oral contraceptives are too diverse to form an overall rating. But still, the recommendations of gynecologists and reviews of patients allow us to identify several of the best COCs of the new generation. The rating of birth control pills is represented by the following drugs:

1. "Jess." Not only do they perform a direct function, that is, they protect against unwanted pregnancy, but they also treat a number of gynecological diseases, hormone dependence, improve the condition of the skin and hair, reduce the symptoms of PMS and ease painful periods. How to take birth control pills "Jess"? According to the instructions, you need to start taking it on the first day of your period, you need to take pink pills every day, and on the 28th day you need to take white pills (placebo). After the end of the cycle, start the next package.
2. "Jess Plus". The same “Jess”, only it also contains an active form of folic acid, which normalizes the psycho-emotional state and allows you to avoid unpleasant consequences if pregnancy does occur: the body will be ready to bear a child, despite taking the pills. If the patient decides to stop taking OCs in order to become pregnant, planning can begin already in the next cycle after discontinuation. In addition, "Jess Plus" is a birth control pill that does not make you fat. The latter is confirmed by patient reviews.
3. Tablets "Janine". According to girls and women who took "Zhanine", this drug somewhat reduces libido, but is reliable. In addition, "Janine" is a birth control pill that does not make you fat, as proven by many reviews.
4. "Marvelon". OCs are recommended for use by women over 25-35 years of age who are of childbearing age but have already given birth. The hormone content is minimal, but the tablets are suitable for patients who are sexually active. Like other OCs, Marvelon improves the appearance, condition of the skin and hair, normalizes hormonal balance and reduces hair growth in unwanted places.
5. "Regulon", instructions for use, price, reviews of which are of interest to many women, costs about 1,150 rubles (63 tables). You need to take the pills daily, from the first to the twenty-first day of the cycle. This is followed by a seven-day break. After the break, you need to start taking Regulon again, even if your periods have not stopped yet. Instructions for use, price, reviews must be studied before purchasing. The opinions of patients are contradictory: some women became irritable and gained weight, noted a significant deterioration in their health and disruption of the menstrual cycle, others were completely satisfied with the drug, while other OCs were not suitable for them.
6. "Depo-Provera". The tablets are recommended for women over forty years of age and can be used in the treatment of various gynecological diseases. There are injections - doctors say that Depo-Provera is much more effective this way than in tablet form.
7. "Pharmatex". This is a non-hormonal contraceptive that is inserted directly into the vagina in the form of suppositories. It is recommended to use Pharmatex for women over 45 years of age who are sexually active.
8. "Yarina". The drug is low-dose and has an antiadrogenic effect. Some patients claim that they managed to get pregnant while taking Yarina strictly according to the instructions. How to take birth control pills "Yarina"? You need to drink OK every day, starting from the 1st day of the cycle, in the order indicated on the blister.
9. "Lactinet" is not a combination drug, but a mini-pill, which has a number of contraindications, so before you start taking it, you should definitely consult a doctor. The tablets are suitable for women over 45 years of age, patients with diabetes mellitus, varicose veins, smokers, and breastfeeding patients.
10. Birth control pills "Silhouette". Many patients note a visible improvement in the appearance of their skin and hair, stabilization of the menstrual cycle, and a decrease in pain during menstruation and PMS symptoms. But Silhouette birth control pills can cause weight gain - about half of women complain about this side effect.

Side effects of taking contraception

A reliable, safe (if you consult a gynecologist before taking it) and convenient method of contraception is birth control pills. There are, however, side effects too. Among them:

• nausea;
• absence of menstruation;
• lack of appetite;
• weight gain;
• uncharacteristic discharge between periods;
• dizziness, headaches;
• decreased libido;
• swelling of the legs;
• painful sensations in the chest.

If side effects occur, contraceptive pills are discontinued.

Contraindications for use

Contraindications to taking OCs include:

• hypertension;
• kidney pathologies;
• pregnancy;
• serious diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• migraine of unknown origin;
• preparation for surgical intervention;
• overweight (more than 30%);
• smoking after 35 years (for some tablets this fact is not a contraindication - a mandatory consultation with a doctor is required);
• diabetes mellitus (you can use some OCs) and so on.

Whether to take birth control pills is a personal choice for each woman. This is a reliable means of contraception that is convenient to use for those who are sexually active. At the same time, there are a number of side effects that occur if you choose the wrong remedy. So, the main thing to be guided by when choosing and taking birth control pills is the recommendations of a gynecologist.