Sinusitis - what it is, types, causes, signs, symptoms and treatment of sinusitis in adults. What is sinusitis: symptoms, causes and treatment The first signs of sinusitis in adults

Acute sinusitis is one of the most common pathologies that an ENT doctor encounters in his work.

Sinusitis is divided into chronic and acute; this division is caused by different durations of attacks on the body. Acute sinusitis - treatment takes up to 2 months, and then recedes, but chronic sinusitis - can take a long time to heal, but with the slightest cold it comes back again. The chronic form is a problem for people with weakened immunity, immunodeficiency, and therefore the question of how to cure sinusitis is very, very acute.

In this article we will look at the manifestations of sinusitis in adults, especially the first symptoms and effective treatments at home.

What it is?

Why does sinusitis occur and what is it? Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane, which is localized in one or several paranasal sinuses at the same time. One of the main reasons that causes the development of sinusitis is poorly treated or neglected rhinitis. In addition, acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) can be a trigger for the development of sinusitis. The disease, the development of which occurs against the background of respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract, is usually called community-acquired forms.

Depending on its location, sinusitis can be of several types:

• sinusitis is an inflammation of the maxillary paranasal sinus, which is a complication of influenza, acute rhinitis, scarlet fever, measles and many other infectious diseases.
• Frontal sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal frontal sinus, which is much more severe than other types of sinusitis.
• ethmoiditis - manifests itself in the form of inflammation of the cells of the ethmoid labyrinth and is the most common type of sinusitis.
• sphenoiditis is an inflammation of the sphenoid sinus, which is quite rare.

The first sign of exacerbation of sinusitis is a prolonged runny nose. In this case, you should pay attention to nasal discharge. If they become yellowish-greenish in color, this indicates the bacterial nature of the inflammation. In such a situation, bacteria can enter the maxillary sinuses at any time and sinusitis will begin.

Sinusitis can also be unilateral or bilateral, affecting all paranasal sinuses on one or both sides. Acute sinusitis often occurs during acute runny nose, flu, measles, scarlet fever and other infectious diseases, as well as due to disease of the roots of the four upper back teeth.

Symptoms of sinusitis

Signs of sinusitis in adults depend on which sinus is inflamed. In general, the clinical picture of all sinusitis consists of several constant and variable symptoms:

• difficulty in nasal breathing, nasal voice;
• copious nasal discharge (mucous or purulent);
• discomfort in the nose, paranasal area or above the eye;
• low-grade or febrile fever;
• decreased sense of smell;
• headache.

Depending on the type of sinusitis, symptoms in adults will vary:

1. Sinusitis. The disease begins acutely. The patient's body temperature rises to 38-39C, signs of general intoxication are expressed, and chills are possible. In some cases, the patient's body temperature may be normal or subfebrile. A patient with sinusitis is bothered by pain in the area of ​​the affected maxillary sinus, zygomatic bone, forehead and root of the nose. The pain increases with palpation. Irradiation to the temple or the corresponding half of the face is possible. Some patients experience diffuse headaches of varying intensity. Nasal breathing on the affected side is impaired. With bilateral sinusitis, nasal congestion forces the patient to breathe through the mouth. Sometimes, due to blockage of the tear duct, lacrimation develops. Nasal discharge is initially serous and liquid, then becomes viscous, cloudy, and greenish.
2. Frontit. In acute frontal sinusitis, the patient is bothered by sharp pain in the forehead, aggravated by pressing or tapping on the eyebrow, headache of another localization, difficulty in nasal breathing, copious discharge from the corresponding half of the nose (initially serous, then serous-purulent), pain in the eye, lacrimation, photophobia. Body temperature rises to the fibrile level (up to 39°C), but may be subfebrile. The clinical picture of chronic sinusitis is less pronounced than acute sinusitis. The headache is usually aching or pressing in nature, and is often localized in the area of ​​the affected frontal sinus. Nasal discharge is especially profuse in the morning, purulent in nature, often with an unpleasant odor.
3. Ethmoiditis. As a rule, the inflammatory process in the anterior sections of the ethmoid labyrinth develops simultaneously with frontal sinusitis or sinusitis. Inflammation of the posterior sections of the ethmoidal labyrinth is often accompanied by sphenoiditis. A patient with ethmoiditis complains of headaches, pressing pain in the bridge of the nose and root of the nose. In children, pain is often accompanied by conjunctival hyperemia and swelling of the internal parts of the lower and upper eyelids. Some patients experience neurological pain. Body temperature usually rises. The discharge in the first days of the disease is serous, then becomes purulent. The sense of smell is sharply reduced, nasal breathing is difficult. With severe sinusitis, inflammation can spread to the orbit, causing protrusion of the eyeball and severe swelling of the eyelids.
4. Sphenoiditis. The main symptoms of chronic sphenoiditis are pain in the parietal (sometimes also in the occipital) region, a feeling of unpleasant odor. An important clinical sign of chronic sphenoiditis is swelling of the discharge along the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus along the arch of the nasopharynx and the posterior wall of the pharynx. The process can spread into the cranial cavity, other paranasal sinuses, and into the orbit. Sphenoiditis can cause complications in the visual organs (retrobulbar neuritis).

With acute sinusitis in adults, the temperature rises, the head begins to hurt, it becomes difficult for him to breathe, since the nose is clogged with mucus (congestion periodically moves from one nostril to the other), the discharge from the nose is purulent, sometimes with blood. In the place where the inflamed sinus is located, pain is felt, and swelling of the soft tissues of the face may also occur. At night there are attacks of dry cough. With sinusitis, the sense of smell is reduced or absent altogether.

Symptoms of sinusitis in the chronic stage may include all the signs of the disease or only some of them. Signs of the disease do not go away even after two weeks. What is sinusitis with chronic inflammation is best known to patients with asthma, seasonal or food allergies. Treatment in this case should be accompanied by the exclusion of allergens and products that cause rhinitis.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of sinusitis is made based on the patient’s complaints, clinical symptoms, laboratory and instrumental studies. To confirm the final diagnosis, a general blood test (shows the presence of an inflammatory process in the body), radiography or computed tomography is used.

How to treat sinusitis?

If symptoms of sinusitis occur, treatment in adults involves the use of special medications; they effectively suppress the causative agent of the disease and eliminate unpleasant symptoms.

1. To reduce the temperature, antipyretic drugs are prescribed: paracetamol, nurofen.
2. If allergies are present, antihistamines are prescribed: Tavegil, Claritin.
3. To eliminate swelling of the nasal mucosa, vasoconstrictor drugs or aerosols are prescribed.
4. If sinusitis is suspected, antibiotics are prescribed.
5. For rhinitis in children, nasal sprays are prescribed: triamcinolone, mometasone furoate, fluticasone, beclomethasone.

The main goals of sinusitis treatment are:

1. Eradication (complete destruction) of the pathogen if the inflammation is caused by an infectious agent;
2. Elimination of other provoking factors, for example deformations of the nasal structures;
3. Relief of sinusitis symptoms;
4. Restoring normal sinus drainage;
5. Preventing complications;
6. Preventing acute sinusitis from becoming chronic.

For chronic sinusitis, physiotherapy (magnetic therapy, heating) and sanatorium treatment are additionally used. Surgical treatment consists of puncture (puncture) of the sinus, if there is pus in it. Also, in case of chronic sinusitis, plastic surgery of the maxillary sinus is performed to improve the outflow (drainage) of its contents.

Antibiotics for sinusitis in adults

At home, antibiotic treatment is effective for acute and chronic sinusitis in adults. The decision to prescribe antibacterial drugs is made only by the doctor. The course of treatment is usually days.

Antibiotics for sinusitis are indicated in cases where the bacterial nature of the disease is proven. The doctor may suspect purulent sinusitis if purulent discharge from the nasal passages, headache and pain in the projection of the sinuses does not decrease after a week of therapy. Antibacterial therapy can be started earlier in severe cases of the disease, regardless of its duration.

In mild cases of sinusitis, priority is given to antibiotics from the group of macrolides and cephalosporins. In severe cases of the disease, second and third generation penicillins or cephalosporins are prescribed. In the case of chronic sinusitis, the use of protected penicillins is preferable.

For the treatment of acute and chronic sinusitis in recent years, a three-day course of azithromycin is often recommended, which is especially effective for mycoplasma sinusitis. This type of sinus disease is often observed in children and cannot be treated with other antibiotics.

For acute sinusitis, in some cases local effective antibiotics (bioparox) are used.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapeutic procedures include:

1. Sinus rinsing using the “cuckoo” method;
2. Puncture and further drainage of cavities with antiseptic agents;
3. Electrophoresis;
4. Phonophoresis with ointments that have an antiseptic effect;
5. Inhalation with antibiotic solutions, herbal decoctions;
6. UHF sinuses;
7. Laser treatment using the endonasal method;
8. Use of quantum rays.

Sinus puncture

In the later stages of sinusitis, classic nasal rinsing at home or in a hospital setting (the so-called “cuckoo”) does not help remove stagnant pus from the sinus cavities: in this case, a very unpleasant, painful, but effective procedure called puncture and puncture is prescribed.

Is this where the doctor pierces the soft cartilaginous tissue through the nose with a special surgical spatula? Then he inserts a catheter, connects a syringe with a disinfectant solution to the system and injects liquid under pressure, thus through the nose, washing out all the pus accumulated in the cavity. If necessary, the catheter is left in the cavity and the washing procedure is repeated several times.

Prevention

The first thing you should pay attention to when preventing sinusitis is timely treatment of colds, runny nose and flu. Often these diseases become triggers for sinusitis. A runny nose or cough should be treated at home. Having previously consulted with your doctor on the choice of effective remedies.

1. Be sure to undergo a preventive dental examination: infections due to pulpitis, stomatitis, etc. can very quickly overcome the bone barrier and cause inflammation of the paranasal sinuses;
2. Do not self-medicate: if you have a runny nose, fever or general malaise that does not go away within 2-3 days, consult a doctor;
3. Systematic hardening procedures will significantly increase immunity, which will reduce the incidence of viral diseases and, accordingly, eliminate the risk of sinusitis.

If you suspect this disease, you should not tempt fate and self-medicate at home. You should immediately seek qualified help. Effective and rapid recovery is possible with proper treatment.

Antibiotics for sinusitis: TOP effective and inexpensive

Frontitis - symptoms and treatment at home

How to carry out inhalations for sinusitis with a nebulizer

Comprehensive treatment of sinusitis without puncture at home

How to rinse your nose with sinusitis at home?

Chronic sinusitis - symptoms and treatment in adults

Symptoms of sinusitis and treatment in adults at home

What medications should be used to treat sinusitis?

One comment

Morenasal chamomile spray is a good remedy for a runny nose. In addition, with it you recover faster and have no problems. An excellent spray for the whole family, I recommend it!

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Sinusitis: symptoms and treatment in adults

Sinusitis is an infectious-inflammatory disease of a viral, bacterial, fungal or allergic nature. What to do if sinusitis occurs: symptoms and treatment in adults depend on understanding the specifics of the inflammatory process. The disease often occurs as a complication against the background of influenza, rhinitis, ARVI, acute respiratory infections.

What is sinusitis

Sinuses are communicating paranasal or paranasal sinuses. Swelling of the nasal mucosa blocks the path for free communication and outflow of mucus from the sinuses. In such favorable conditions, pathogenic flora develops. Sinusitis and sinusitis, what is the difference? Sinusitis is a special case of sinusitis. Inflammatory phenomena during sinusitis are observed in one or both maxillary sinuses.

Symptoms of sinusitis in adults

The main role in the development of the clinical picture is played by the Pfeiffer wand. Pneumococcus, streptococcus, moraxella, fungi, and other viruses are rare. The main reason for the development of the disease is improper treatment of rhinitis. Indirect reasons are: allergies, dental diseases, weak immunity. Signs of sinusitis are the following:

• headache, fatigue;
• loss of appetite;
• heat;
• intermittent nasal congestion;
• persistent runny nose with yellow-green discharge;
• severe night cough;
• swelling;
• pain in the face;
• dental examination (odontogenic sinusitis due to dental problems).

Spicy

What is sinusitis characterized by: symptoms and treatment of sinusitis in adults have their own specifics. Maxillary sinusitis is characterized by radiating pain in the maxillary sinuses and the presence of purulent discharge in the acute form. Purulent sinusitis is characterized by cloudy, serous, purulent discharge with an unpleasant odor. Antibiotics are used in treatment. Catarrhal sinusitis is accompanied by mucous discharge.

Acute ethmoiditis has similar symptoms to acute sinusitis. You feel pressure in the eyes and bridge of the nose, there is a loss of sense of smell, and difficulty in nasal breathing. The pathology of the posterior sections of the ethmoid bone is sphenoiditis, and the anterior sections are frontitis. Manifestations of frontal sinusitis are similar to those of ethmoiditis, except for the localization of pain impulses.

Chronic

Chronic sinusitis is sluggish in nature, the symptoms are not pronounced: night cough due to the outflow of purulent accumulations, pain in the maxillary sinuses, weakening in the “lying down” position. With chronic sinusitis, the structure of the mucous membrane of the middle nasal passage changes. Sphenoiditis provokes the development of meningitis and impaired visual activity.

Treatment of sinusitis at home in adults

Mild and moderate inflammation does not require constant monitoring by specialists. In such cases, home treatment for sinusitis is feasible. The patient does not experience psychological stress as from inpatient treatment. Treatment of chronic sinusitis in adults occurs on an outpatient basis. However, it requires further efforts to strengthen the body's immune system.

Drugs

Conservative treatment is aimed at eliminating the main symptoms of the disease. Such drugs are used according to the instructions of a specialist. Such medications should not be used for a long time. The vasoconstrictor factor has negative side effects. They cannot be prescribed for hypertension. Complex treatment includes the appointment of:

• anti-inflammatory drugs (erispal);
• sulfonamides (biseptol);
• vasoconstrictors (naphthyzin);
• dental examination (for odontogenic sinusitis).

Antibiotics

The acute form of the disease requires the appointment of etiotropic therapy. The duration of treatment, dosage, and type of drug are prescribed by the doctor. Modern antibiotics can relieve a person of severe forms of sinusitis in 3 days. During a course of antibiotics, you need to use probiotics to help normalize intestinal flora and reduce the load on the liver.

Drops

Nasal drops are an excellent way to treat and prevent sinusitis. When using vasoconstrictor drops, swelling of the mucous membrane decreases. Drops containing antibiotics provide antimicrobial therapy. Products based on sea water have an anti-inflammatory effect. Drops of plant origin rinse the nasal cavity.

Alternative treatment for sinusitis

Traditional medicine occupies an important place in the treatment of sinus inflammation. Sinusitis: symptoms and treatment of exacerbations in adults? Preference should be given to proven methods. The main role in the treatment of sinusitis is played by hydrogen peroxide 3%. Atomic oxygen is a component of peroxide that copes with many ailments. Add a drop of peroxide to 1/4 cup of boiled warm water, then rinse the nose with a syringe without a needle.

It is effective to use salt and soda solutions that have anti-inflammatory properties. Add 1 teaspoon of salt/soda to a glass of water. Instill this solution intranasally, 2 drops into each nasal passage. It is effective to rinse the nasal cavity with saline solution. Herbal infusions (thyme, chamomile) and essential oils (cumin, sea buckthorn) have an antiseptic effect. Find out more about how to use saline solution to rinse your nose.

Inhalations

Inhaling the vapors of essential oils helps heal diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Essential oils of coniferous trees are especially beneficial. The addition of menthol, sage, and bay leaf has a beneficial effect. The use of inhalations is contraindicated for people prone to allergies. Vapors that are too hot can burn the respiratory tract.

Video: how to treat sinusitis

Sinusitis is a common complication of acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, and rhinitis. Severe symptoms of the disease with inadequate attention lead to the most tragic consequences. An advanced form of sinusitis can cause meningitis, lead to irreversible processes in the visual function of the eyeball, and death. Watching this video will help you take preventative measures.

Consider the types of treatments used for sinus inflammation, what medications are used, and what a comprehensive treatment and systemic approach is. Find out what new techniques are being used. Determine whether surgery always involves incisions. All doubts will be cleared by the answers from the video below.

Reviews about the treatment

Due to pregnancy, allergic sinusitis worsened. The doctor recommended xylometazoline drops. Relief came immediately, but it significantly affected the uteroplacental blood flow.

Alexander, 41 years old

I fell ill with a common ARVI, and my runny nose did not go away for a long time. As a result, everything turned into an acute form of purulent sinusitis. I was very afraid of punctures, so I decided to try hydrogen peroxide 3%. After a week of washing everything went away.

Chronic catarrhal sinusitis worsened. Feeling terrible, mucous discharge, headaches. A course of antibiotics – 10 days – alleviated the condition.

The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Sinusitis - what is it, types, causes, signs, symptoms and treatment of sinusitis in adults

Sinusitis is an infectious and inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses. Often during the disease the maxillary sinus is affected, but there are cases when the process moves to the ethmoid, frontal or sphenoid zones. Treatment requires complex treatment, using drugs for sinusitis of both systemic and local action.

In this article we will look at the main causes of the disease, what symptoms are typical for adults, as well as the correct treatment to quickly restore the body at home.

What is sinusitis?

Sinusitis (lat. Sinusitis) is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses (sinuses). The disease is diagnosed in 0.02% of the adult population. The main symptoms are heaviness in the paranasal or frontal area, pain with sudden head movements, thick nasal discharge, and increased body temperature. Sinusitis in adults may also include a cough, nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, and a sore throat.

ICD disease code:

With sinusitis, the patient's voice becomes nasal. Problems with nasal respiration worsen and lead to obstruction of nasal breathing. Patients suffering from sinusitis experience abundant secretory mucous discharge from the nasal passages.

Classification and types of disease

There are different types of sinusitis, differing in the localization of the pathological process, the course of the disease, and the causes of the disease. Despite the fact that the classification of pathological processes in the paranasal sinuses is quite extensive, the symptoms of various sinusitis are very similar.

Depending on the etiological factor, the following classification of sinusitis is accepted:

• Traumatic (formed as a result of injuries to the nose)
• Viral (developing after a virulent infection)
• Bacterial (formed under the influence of bacterial infectious agents)
• Fungal (developing as a result of contact with the mucous membranes of fungi)
• Mixed (the result of simultaneous infection by several microorganisms)
• Allergic (developing as a result of a constant inflammatory process in the nasal sinuses)

According to the nature of the flow:

• acute sinusitis - the disease lasts no more than 8 weeks;
• chronic sinusitis - long-term course, as well as frequent relapses of the disease.

• Sinusitis (sinusitis of the maxillary sinus) - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary paranasal sinus;
• Rhinitis (runny nose) - inflammation of the nasal cavity;
• Sphenoiditis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the sphenoid sinus;
• Frontitis is an inflammation of the frontal sinus. The disease can be unilateral or bilateral;
• Ethmoiditis (ethmoidal sinusitis) is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cells of the ethmoid bone. The disease is bacterial or viral in nature.

Depending on the nature of the inflammation, there are three forms of sinusitis:

• edematous-catarrhal. Only the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses is affected. The process is accompanied by the release of serous discharge;
• purulent. Inflammation spreads to the deep layers of tissue of the paranasal sinuses. The discharge becomes purulent;
• mixed. There are signs of edematous-catarrhal and purulent sinusitis.

Depending on the prevalence of the process, sinusitis can be:

• unilateral - can be right- or left-sided;
• bilateral – simultaneous damage to the paired sinuses on both sides of the nose;
• polysinusitis - an inflammatory process of several adnexal cavities;
• monosinusitis - damage to the mucous membrane of one sinus;
• hemisinusitis – simultaneous involvement in the process of all paranasal cavities located on one half of the face;
• Pansinusitis is the most severe form of the disease, characterized by damage to all sinuses.

Causes

The cause of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is a viral infection. The virus, penetrating the mucous membrane, causes swelling, as well as an increase in the secretion production of the mucous glands and desquamation of the epithelium.

As a result, the natural anastomosis of the paranasal sinuses is blocked by the edematous mucous membrane and pathological secretion. In this case, the opposite edges of the anastomosis come into contact with each other, complicating the transport of secretions from the sinuses. If this regular drainage is disrupted, favorable conditions are created for the development of sinusitis.

The leading role in the development of sinusitis is given to:

• Pfeiffer bacillus (Haemophilus influenzae) and pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae), which are the causative agents of the disease in more than 50% of cases.
• Less commonly, hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes), Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, various viruses, fungi and anaerobes are sown.

Sinusitis often occurs as a result of complications of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity (influenza, acute respiratory infections, rhinorrhea, acute respiratory viral infections).

1. Viruses. Viruses cause % of cases of acute sinusitis. Most people with a cold experience sinus inflammation. These inflammations are usually brief and mild, and very few people who get a cold develop true sinusitis.
2. Bacteria. A small percentage of cases of acute and possibly chronic sinusitis are caused by bacteria. The bacteria are usually present in the nasal passages and throat and are generally harmless. However, in the cold or with a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, the nasal passages are blocked, the natural cleansing of the paranasal sinuses is disrupted, and secretions stagnate inside the sinuses, which provides fertile ground for the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria.
3. Fungi. It is very important to monitor the microflora in the premises, because... under certain conditions (lack of ventilation, high humidity and temperature), the fungus can settle in the paranasal sinuses, and if complicated, provoke the development of a mycotic infection. Aspergillus is the most common fungus associated with sinusitis.

Risk factors for sinusitis

The development of infection in the sinuses, regardless of the type of microorganism, provokes a violation of the outflow of mucus from the sinuses into the nasal cavity, which is facilitated by the following factors:

• flu, colds;
• dental infections;
• allergic rhinitis;
• cystic fibrosis;
• bronchial asthma;
• sarcondosis;
• immunodeficiency;
• tumors of the respiratory system;
• pregnancy;
• smoking.

Symptoms of sinusitis in adults (photos)

Exposure to a fungus, viral or allergic factor leads to swelling of the cavity, which causes difficulty breathing. If you do not diagnose sinusitis in time and do not begin to treat sinusitis, the situation threatens the development of sphenoiditis and other complicated forms.

In adults, at the onset of the disease, nasal discharge is serous in nature; as inflammation develops, it transforms into mucous-serous. Purulent exudate, which contains a large amount of detritus and leukocytes, is observed when an infection of a bacterial nature is attached. In this case, severe swelling is accompanied by a violation of the permeability of the capillary walls.

Other symptoms of sinusitis include:

• some pain or pressure in the facial area (eyes, cheeks, nose, and forehead);
• impaired sense of smell;
• increased and high temperature;
• a sore throat;
• increased fatigue and general tiredness;
• cough, especially at night;
• bad breath;
• dizziness;
• headache;
• toothache;
• hyperemia.

Acute sinusitis

The acute form of sinusitis provokes headache, fever and weakness throughout the body. These symptoms, of course, can accompany many diseases, so for diagnosis you need to focus on the specific manifestations of the disease.

• difficulty breathing through the nose;
• purulent exudate discharged from the nasal cavity;
• disruption of the olfactory organs.

Acute sinusitis, both viral and bacterial, can last 8 weeks or longer.

Chronic sinusitis

In some cases, a chronic inflammatory process develops, in which patients note the following symptoms:

• Difficulty breathing through the nose, nasal congestion, periodically appearing crusts in the nose;
• A small amount of mucous/purulent exudate, with a purulent process, foul breath;
• Dry throat, headache, irritability.

Sinusitis is considered chronic if the inflammation lasts more than 3 months.

Depending on the type of disease, symptoms will differ (see table)

• headache;
• constant discharge of mucus from the nasal cavity;
• persistent runny nose with clear or yellow-green fluid;
• labored breathing;
• localization of pain in the nose and paranasal area of ​​the face;
• lack of smell;
• discomfort and constant malaise;
• weakness;
• refusal of food;
• sleep disturbance.

• headaches (pain when touching the forehead is also possible),
• feeling of pressure above the eyes,
• impaired sense of smell,
• cough that gets worse at night
• malaise, fatigue, weakness,
• elevated temperature,
• sore throat,
• unpleasant or sour breath.

• headache,
• pain in the root of the nose and bridge of the nose.

The predominant localization of pain at the root of the nose and the inner edge of the orbit is characteristic of damage to the posterior cells of the ethmoid bone.

Sinusitis has different symptoms depending on the location of the inflammation, and treatment in adults will depend on the form and stage of the disease.

Complication for the body

Sinusitis affects the skeletal system, ears and eyes, nervous and circulatory systems, so complications also include:

Considering all this, timely treatment under the supervision of a qualified ENT doctor is very important.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of sinusitis is made on the basis of a characteristic clinical picture, an objective examination and additional research data. During the diagnostic process the following is used:

• radiography of the paranasal sinuses in two projections,
• ultrasonography,
• nuclear magnetic resonance and CT scan of the paranasal sinuses.

According to indications, a CT or MRI of the brain is performed to exclude complications.

Symptoms of disturbances in the functioning of the ENT organs cannot be ignored.

Treatment of sinusitis

You should not decide on your own how to treat sinusitis. Treatment of this disease is within the competence of an otolaryngologist. The earlier the inflammation is diagnosed, the more effective the treatment will be. For mild to moderate sinusitis, the patient does not need hospitalization; treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis under the supervision of an otolaryngologist.

The main methods of conservative treatment of sinusitis in adults include the following methods:

1. Antibacterial. Correctly chosen antibiotics guarantee 90% success.
2. Antihistamines. When the problem is caused by an allergic factor, then such drugs are mandatory for use.
3. Immunostimulants. If sinusitis was caused by ARVI, then medications are required.
4. Drops. Relieves swelling and makes breathing easier.
5. Wash solutions. Created with sea salt, which will draw out mucus.
6. "Cuckoo". The procedure will clean the sinuses efficiently and quickly without surgical intervention.

Antibacterial drugs

Antibiotics from the following groups are used to treat sinusitis:

• Penicillin series - Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Augmentin, Ampiox.
• Macrolide group – Roxithromycin.
• Cephalosporins – Cefuroxime, Kefzol, Ceftibuten, Cephalexin.
• Fluoroquinolone group – Levoflox, Sparfloxacin, Moxifloxacin.
• Topical antibiotics may also be used. These include Fuzofungin, Bioparox.

Depending on the intensity of the inflammatory process, they can be used orally (tablets, capsules) or parenterally (intravenous or intramuscular administration).

Local antibiotics:

Unfortunately, due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, many types of bacteria do not respond to antibiotic treatment, becoming “resistant” to these drugs.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines for sinusitis are prescribed to eliminate allergic manifestations, relieve swelling and congestion of the nasal passages. Most often prescribed:

Anti-inflammatory drugs for adults

Complex treatment of sinusitis at home involves taking medications that have an anti-inflammatory effect (Erispal) and sulfonamides (Sulfadimethoxine, Biseptol). The doctor may also prescribe Sinupret. This is a plant-based combination drug that performs anti-inflammatory and decongestant functions, enhances mucus secretion, promotes the regeneration of mucous membranes, restoring their protective qualities.

Nasal drops

Sinusitis drops have many advantages compared to tablets. Firstly, they act locally, and therefore very quickly - relief is felt within minutes. Only a small part of the active components of the drug enters the blood. This means that the likelihood of side effects is much lower. To relieve nasal congestion and reduce swelling of the mucous membrane, it is possible to use vasoconstrictor drops:

• Xylometazoline (Otrivin, Ximelin, Galazolin),
• Oxymetazoline (Nazol, Nazivin),
• Naphazolin (Naphthyzin, Sanorin).

It is also possible to use drops with the addition of essential oils: Pinosol, Sinupret, Sinuforte.

Nasal rinsing for sinusitis

For uncomplicated sinusitis, an effective procedure is rinsing the nose. To do this, you can use either special ready-made solutions (Salin, Aquamaris, Aqualor, Dolphin) or regular saline solution.

At home, rinsing is often used. It's important to do it right.

1. Bend over the sink at a right angle. Take a deep breath, hold your breath.
2. Place the container with the rinsing solution tightly to the nostril.
3. Slowly tilt the bottle of medicine - the liquid should flow out of the opposite nostril. Each nostril is washed alternately.
4. After completing the procedure, you need to blow your nose well to remove excess solution.

Inhalations

You can breathe over solutions of various products and products in hot water. For inhalation at home, decoctions and infusions of medicinal herbs and plants are usually used. Chamomile, eucalyptus, thyme, sage, St. John's wort - all these herbs have bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, mucolytic effects. They can be used either individually or as part of inhalation mixtures for sinusitis.

Physiotherapeutic procedures

An excellent way to speed up the healing process is to carry out physiotherapeutic procedures. These include:

These procedures can speed up metabolism in affected areas of the body, normalize protective processes and enhance the effect of medications taken.

How to treat sinusitis with folk remedies

Treatment of sinusitis using folk remedies at home helps in many cases to avoid the use of antibiotics.

1. Radish. Grind one black radish and squeeze out the juice. Mix equal amounts of vegetable oil and root juice. Soak pieces of fabric in the liquid and apply to the area of ​​the nasal and frontal sinuses. Insulate all this with a towel, after covering it with cellophane.
2. Garlic spirit. A kind of “dry” inhalation, which perfectly helps in the early stages of viral or infectious sinusitis. You need to take a few large cloves and quickly grind them in a mortar. Transfer to a glass or small jar and, immersing your face in it, as if in a mask, breathe in the fumes of garlic for several minutes. Along with garlic juice, many phytoncides, which are natural antibiotics, will get onto the nasal mucosa.
3. Aloe. You can treat sinusitis by putting drops in your nose made from medicinal plants that have antimicrobial properties: 2-3 drops to aloe or kalanchoe.

There are types of sinusitis for which treatment with folk remedies is strictly contraindicated. Therefore, consult your doctor before use.

Prevention

To prevent a disease such as sinusitis, you should adhere to the following rules and recommendations:

• try to spend more time in the air, ventilate the room well before going to bed or leave the window open at night, and in the morning be sure to do gymnastics, after which you begin water procedures.
• avoiding moderate and severe colds and infectious diseases;
• elimination of anatomical anomalies of the nasal region;
• prevention and sanitation of the oral cavity, prevention of periodontal disease;
• preventing injuries and bruises to the face and nose;
• quitting smoking and excessive alcohol consumption;
• ventilation and wet cleaning of premises;
• compliance with the rules and operating conditions in hazardous industries;
• no contact with substances that cause an allergic reaction;
• general complex of health-improving measures and hardening of the body;
• minimizing the risk of getting large amounts of liquid into the nose when swimming and diving in water bodies.

Sinusitis is insidious in that any cold can cause an exacerbation. The proximity of the sinuses to the brain and eyes creates a risk of infection spreading to these organs, which can lead to serious complications.

Discussion: there is 1 comment

I have been suffering from sinusitis for a long time. Any cold leads to a stuffy nose and you need to go to the ENT specialist for rinsing using the cuckoo method. I recently had a cold, and after it orange clots came out of my nose for 5 days and there was pain in the cheekbones. I drank aloe and took cinabsin for 2 days in a row, today it seems better

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The ENT organs, being an outpost of the immune system on the path of infection into the body, are the first to encounter the effects of various pathogens. That is why inflammatory processes often begin in them. Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is called sinusitis . In total, a person has 4 pairs of paranasal sinuses, these are cavities filled with air. As a result of inflammatory processes, pus is formed in the sinuses, and the person begins to feel weak and unwell.

Nasal endoscopy in MedicCity

Nasal endoscopy in MedicCity

Rhinoscopy in MedicCity

Why is sinusitis dangerous?

Symptoms of sinusitis

There are acute and chronic forms of sinusitis, which differ in their symptoms.

Acute sinusitis. Symptoms:

• Runny nose lasting more than 7-10 days, without signs of improvement;
• nasal congestion, mucous or purulent discharge from the nose;
• mucus running down the back of the throat, copious discharge of purulent sputum in the morning;
• headache, heaviness and pain in the inflamed sinus area. Sometimes pain in the teeth, eyes, cheekbones, cheeks;
• increased sensitivity of the facial skin in the projection of the affected sinus;
• increase in body temperature (up to 38°C and above). As a rule, this symptom is observed in an acute case. In a chronic process, body temperature rarely rises or remains at subfebrile levels (37-37.50°C);
• weakness, fatigue, irritability. Photophobia, lacrimation, loss of appetite, sleep disturbance;
• weakened or absent sense of smell;
• swelling of the cheeks and eyelids.

Chronic sinusitis. Symptoms:

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis depend on the form of the disease. Outside of an exacerbation, symptoms may be very mild or absent. The most common symptoms of concern are:

• nasal congestion, difficulty in nasal breathing;
• scant mucous or purulent discharge from the nose, may be in the form of drying crusts;
• constant leakage from the nose, causing cracks and abrasions at the entrance to the nose;
• mucus running down the back of the throat;
• dry throat;
• headache;
• bad breath.

As the disease worsens, symptoms characteristic of acute sinusitis may appear.

Sinusitis in children

Sometimes sinusitis in children is more difficult to see than sinusitis in adults. The disease usually develops after an infection: influenza or sore throat, and is often accompanied by otitis media. The symptoms are somewhat blurred and appear weaker than in adults. Here are the main ones:

• purulent or mucous discharge from the nose;
• general weakness, malaise;
• pungent odor from the mouth.

With sinusitis in children, one side of the face is often inflamed. While sinusitis in adults is often accompanied by headaches, headaches in children are extremely rare.

Types of sinusitis

There are several types of sinusitis:

• sinusitis;
• frontal sinusitis;
• ethmoiditis;
• sphenoiditis, but the latter type of sinusitis is extremely rare and almost always together with ethmoiditis.

Examination of the nasal cavity in MedicCity

ENT unit Atmos S 31

Sinusitis

Sinusitis - one of the most common types of sinusitis. This disease is accompanied by inflammation in the maxillary and maxillary cavities. During inflammation, swelling of the mucous membrane occurs, which blocks the opening from the sinus to the nasal cavity. Mucus begins to accumulate in the sinus space, pathogenic bacteria multiply, and pus appears. Inside the cavity, pressure occurs on the vessels, and the person begins to feel pressing pain at the site of accumulation of pus.

Chronic sinusitis is the result of a long inflammatory process, when a person has had sinusitis for more than 2 months. The patient develops general weakness, nasal discharge has an unpleasant odor, the sense of smell is impaired, and a night cough appears. Chronic sinusitis is characterized by inflammation of only one sinus, right or left. Pressure in the sinus can cause a deviated nasal septum.

Symptoms of sinusitis

The following symptoms are characteristic of sinusitis:

• increased body temperature;
• copious discharge, nasal congestion;
• disturbances of smell;
• weakness;
• headache radiating to the forehead, bridge of the nose, teeth;
• pain that intensifies when tilting the head and pressing on the sinus;
• constant, intense pain;
• a feeling of fullness in the forehead and cheeks, aggravated by tilting the head, coughing and sneezing;
• photophobia and lacrimation.

Signs of sinusitis

If after a flu or cold the temperature rises again, your health worsens, severe pain appears when tilting your head and when pressing on the sinuses, then you need to urgently consult an otolaryngologist. These could be manifestations of sinusitis! Sinusitis in adults is often advanced, since adults are usually in no hurry to see a doctor.

Treatment of sinusitis

Antibiotics for sinusitis are used only after a complete examination of the patient, based on the characteristics of his body and possible allergic reactions.

Antibiotics are not advisable in case of sinusitis of allergic or fungal origin. For mild sinusitis, inhalations, rinses and immunotherapy are also sufficient.

Rhinoscopy in MedicCity

Videoendoscopy of the nasopharynx in MedicCity

ENT office in MedicCity

Frontit

Frontit (frontal sinusitis) is an inflammatory disease of the frontal paranasal sinus. This type of sinusitis is the most severe. There are forms of acute and chronic frontal sinusitis.

Symptoms of sinusitis

Acute frontal sinusitis, symptoms:

• pain and swelling around the nose and eyes;
• increased pain when tapping in the projection area of ​​the inflamed sinuses;
• heavy breathing due to inflammation of the nasal passages;
• runny nose with thick yellow or green mucus;
• increase in body temperature to 38-39 degrees;
• severe headache (minor relief occurs when lying down);
• pain radiating to the ears and teeth;
• fear of light;
• severe weakness;
• sometimes sore throat, difficulty identifying odors, decreased pungency of taste.

Chronic frontal sinusitis, symptoms:

• aching headache;
• purulent, unpleasant-smelling nasal discharge in the morning;
• slight increase in temperature;
• difficulty breathing through the nose;
• sputum discharge in the morning.

Causes of frontal sinusitis

The following reasons for the development of frontal sinusitis are distinguished:

• viral, bacterial or fungal infection;
• complication after influenza, ARVI, etc.;
• long-term infectious or allergic runny nose (rhinitis);

Treatment of frontal sinusitis

How to treat frontal sinusitis? Be sure to under the supervision of an otolaryngologist! The disease is not only difficult for many patients to tolerate, but also dangerously with serious complications, including orbital abscess, meningitis, sepsis, etc.

Treatment of sinusitis is aimed at eliminating infection in the sinuses and stopping inflammation. Medicines will help relieve swelling, improve ventilation of the sinuses and lead to the discharge of contents from them. If the disease is viral in nature, then antibiotics for frontal sinusitis are mandatory!

The following antibiotics are used to treat sinusitis:

• penicillin antibiotics (semi-synthetic or synthetic amoxicillin preparations);
• cephalosporin antibiotics;
• macrolide antibiotics (they do not affect the intestinal microflora);
• local antibiotics in the form of nasal drops, nasal spray, aerosol;
• homeopathic medicines;
• symptomatic remedies for frontal sinusitis in the form of vasoconstrictor nasal drops, antipyretics and anti-inflammatory drugs.

In case of severe frontal sinusitis and insufficient effectiveness of conservative treatment, sinus lavage using the method of displacement and puncture is prescribed.

Rhinoscopy in MedicCity

ENT consultation in MedicCity

ENT consultation in MedicCity

Prevention of frontal sinusitis

To prevent frontal sinusitis, you need to monitor the state of your immune system, promptly eliminate foci of inflammation in the ENT organs, harden your body, and lead a healthy lifestyle.

Ethmoiditis

Ethmoiditis - acute or chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cells of the ethmoid labyrinth (anatomical labyrinth in the bridge of the nose). Ethmoiditis is bacterial or viral in nature.

There are acute and chronic ethmoiditis. Acute ethmoiditis accompanies influenza, rhinitis and is complemented by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.

Ethmoiditis in adults affects both the frontal and maxillary cavities. With weak immunity, the acute form of ethmoiditis turns into long-term chronic ethmoiditis with periods of exacerbation and remission.

Polypous ethmoiditis is characterized by the appearance of polyps in the mucous membrane of the ethmoid labyrinth of the forehead. Polypous ethmoiditis may appear after chronic allergic rhinitis.

Catarrhal ethmoiditis occurs due to the activity of viruses. It is characterized by increased lacrimation, weakness, nausea, dizziness, swelling in the bridge of the nose, and fever.

Ethmoiditis in children is a very serious disease. The infection spreads very quickly due to the anatomical structure of the ethmoid labyrinth. The development of ethmoiditis in children requires urgent hospitalization.

Symptoms of ethmoiditis

Acute catarrhal ethmoiditis. Symptoms

• pain in the bridge of the nose and at the wings of the nose;
• heavy breathing through the nose;
• loss of smell;
• headache, weakness;
• profuse nasal discharge, which gradually becomes purulent;
• temperature rises to 38 degrees;
• In children, the inner corner of the eye socket also swells and turns red.

In acute form they differ primary And secondary ethmoiditis.

At primary ethmoiditis anxiety, vomiting, dyspepsia and toxicosis appear, temperature 39-40 degrees.

Secondary ethmoiditis is more severe and develops faster. The patient is in extremely serious condition with pronounced septic symptoms. The eyelids become swollen and cyanotic, swelling of the conjunctiva and noticeable protrusion of the eyeball are observed, and nasal breathing becomes difficult.

Chronic ethmoiditis. Symptoms

• headaches that are difficult to register by localization;
• weakness, rapid fatigue of the patient;
• soreness in the bridge of the nose when pressed and painful points at the wings of the nose;
• purulent discharge with a nauseating odor;
• extensive mucus in the nasopharynx, which is difficult to spit out;
• emerging polyps.

Complications after ethmoiditis:

• encephalitis,
• intraocular and intracranial pressure;
• destruction of the ethmoid bone.

Treatment of ethmoiditis

Treatment of ethmoiditis in acute form is predominantly conservative. It is necessary to ensure the outflow of mucus with the help of vasoconstrictors and physiotherapeutic procedures.

Treatment of ethmoiditis in chronic form is predominantly surgical.

MRI in MedicCity

Laboratory diagnostics in MedicCity

Ultrasound examination of the paranasal sinuses in MedicCity

Diagnosis of sinusitis using modern techniques

To confirm the diagnosis of sinusitis, the following types of examination are used:

• Video endoscopy of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx to identify features of the anatomical structure and determine predisposing factors for the development of sinusitis;
• radiography of the paranasal sinuses;
• Ultrasound examination of the paranasal sinuses is a safe method with no contraindications, used to diagnose sinusitis and monitor the treatment process;
• CT, MRI - according to indications;
• laboratory diagnostics according to indications in full.

Treatment of sinusitis at MedicCity

Conservative methods of treating sinusitis

If you are concerned about how to treat sinusitis in Moscow, be sure to contact the MedicCity specialists! Our clinic provides treatment for sinusitis without puncture and without pain. However, non-surgical treatment of sinusitis is possible only at the initial stage. Don't waste time!

In the vast majority of cases, treatment of sinusitis in our clinic is carried out without a puncture.

• Using YAMIK (sinus catheter). The YAMIK method is the use of a device called the “YAMIK sinus catheter.” Using the YAMIK sinus catheter, controlled pressure is created in the nasal cavity and the purulent contents of the sinus are pumped out through the natural anastomosis (openings), and then a medicinal substance (antibiotics, mucolytics) is administered.
• Rinsing the nose and paranasal sinuses using the moving method (“cuckoo”). It is carried out using a special suction - an aspirator; in the process, pathological contents are removed from the nasal cavity and sinuses and the drug is injected into the sinuses.
• Inhalation therapy using a special inhaler PARI SINUS. This method is based on the introduction of microparticles of the drug into the affected paranasal sinuses through a pulsating supply of an aerosol. In this case, the aerosol of the medicinal substance is deposited in the sinuses and has an effect directly at the site of inflammation.

All proposed methods for treating sinusitis are painless and effective.

When using combined treatment, complete recovery in case of acute sinusitis is achieved within 7-10 days.

If puncture treatment is necessary, it is possible to install special catheters in the sinus, which eliminate the need for repeated punctures.

Treatment of sinusitis surgically

Surgical treatment of pathology of the nose and paranasal sinuses in our clinic is based on the principles of functional endoscopic rhinosurgery (F.E.S.S.).

Functional endoscopic rhinosurgery is based on the use of the most gentle techniques for interventions on the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. It is used for chronic diseases of the paranasal sinuses, such as hyperplastic, polypous, polypous-purulent sinusitis, cysts, etc. The use of modern endoscopic technology allows us to identify and completely eliminate most defects in the anatomical structure of the nose and paranasal sinuses, remove pathological tissues, which include cysts, polyps, thickened mucous membranes, abnormally enlarged bone structures, and pathological exudate. Surgical intervention on several sinuses using endoscopic technology is called endoscopic polysinsotomy.

It should be noted that all endoscopic interventions are performed through the natural nasal passages and do not require any external incisions.

Often, simultaneously with surgery on the paranasal sinuses, it is necessary to correct the nasal septum - septoplasty - and the turbinates in order to restore the normal anatomical structure of the nasal cavity and normalize nasal breathing.

It is important to know! A common cause of sinusitis is decreased immunity. If after treatment of frontal sinusitis, treatment of ethmoiditis or sinusitis, the immune system remains weak, then repeated relapses of the disease are possible. Therefore, we recommend that patients consult with an immunologist at our clinic - the doctor will select an individual program for you to support your immune system.

After temporary release of the blockade of the nasal canals, combination medications (Isofra, Polydexa, Protargol) are instilled into the nose, including several active components (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, drying). In parallel, in the absence of contraindications, nasal rinsing is done with saline solutions and antiseptics.

With conservative therapy, broad-spectrum antibiotics are almost always used, usually based on cephalosporins, macrolides and penicillins (Ceftriaxone, Augmentin, Amoxiclav).

As an additional therapy and to reduce the strength of inflammatory processes, with appropriate prescription, the patient can take antihistamines - Telfast, Claritin, Diazolin, Loratadine, and in some difficult cases, corticosteroids (Prednisolone).

Be sure to regularly consume probiotics during treatment - this will reduce the negative impact of drugs on the liver and restore the intestinal microflora. After overcoming the acute phase of the disease and the onset of the remission phase, the ENT doctor prescribes physiotherapeutic procedures to the patient - UHF and UV irradiation of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity, as well as diadynamic treatment with currents.

In the later stages of sinusitis, classic nasal rinsing at home or in a hospital setting (the so-called “cuckoo”) does not help remove stagnant pus from the sinus cavities: in this case, a very unpleasant, painful, but effective procedure called puncture and puncture is prescribed. Is this where the doctor pierces the soft cartilaginous tissue through the nose with a special surgical spatula? Then he inserts a catheter, connects a syringe with a disinfectant solution to the system and injects liquid under pressure, thus through the nose, washing out all the pus accumulated in the cavity. If necessary, the catheter is left in the cavity and the washing procedure is repeated several times.

With sphenoiditis, it is impossible to reach the sphenoid sinus directly through the nose - then the doctor, in the absence of contraindications, makes a resection at the posterior end of the middle concha, inserting a catheter into the cavity.

Treatment of sinusitis in children

Treatment of sinusitis in a child must begin with a prompt and correct diagnosis. The best and best way to do this is through a comprehensive examination by an ENT doctor, who will conduct not only a primary visual examination, but will also refer the child for additional tests, including X-rays, ultrasound, diaphanoscopy and computed tomography.

The main factors for the success of treatment are the rapid elimination of infection, normalization of sinus ventilation and the outflow of mucus from the cavities, weakening and neutralization of the main symptoms.

A course of neutralizing symptoms, in addition to the use of painkillers, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs, taking warm baths and drinks, if possible, bed rest without going outside, especially in the cold season, as well as inhalation with essential essences of eucalyptus, mint and pine components.

It is advisable to restore normal nasal breathing with the help of gentle vasoconstrictor medications with a small dosage - these are Nazol Kids, Rinofluimucil, DlyaNos, etc. It is definitely worth organizing nasal rinsing using specially developed isotonic saline solutions - these are the Aqua Maris, Aqualor, etc. systems.

Antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis in children should be prescribed exclusively by an ENT specialist. On average, the antibacterial course lasts from 9 to 14 days. If a baby has sinusitis in the first, mildest stage, then antibiotics based on cephalosporins or macrolides will be optimal - these are the drugs Clarithromycin, Spiramycin, as well as Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, Ceftobiprole. In severe forms of the disease or their chronic phase, it is preferable to use penicillins - Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin.

For acute sinusitis in children, a good alternative to classic broad-spectrum antibiotics can be complex local topical preparations based on antibiotics, antihistamine components and antiseptic drugs - in particular, Polydexa and Bioparox.

If the paranasal sinuses are severely affected by infection and pus and drug treatment is unsuccessful, a specialist doctor usually prescribes a microsurgical operation - direct puncture of the sinuses. In this case, the small patient is given a strong painkiller and the operation is performed under general anesthesia. After the puncture, the doctor, using saline solution and the pressure created by the syringe, forcibly flushes out the contents of the cavity, which comes out through the nose. If there is an urgent need, this activity is repeated several more times, having previously installed a catheter, so that next time the soft tissue of the nasal septum will not be pierced again.

In some cases, even with severely advanced sinusitis, a non-surgical method of moving fluid, popularly called “cuckoo”, helps. Here, a small patient is injected into one nostril with a large quantity of saline solution, which gently “squeezes out” the accumulated mucus and directs it through the second exit parallel nasal canal. Such procedures usually require at least 4-5 sessions.

Treatment with folk remedies

Folk wisdom and ancient medicine have preserved dozens of recipes that help cope with sinusitis. Below, the most effective of them will be indicated.

1. Steam inhalations with the addition of essential oils or extracts of pine, eucalyptus, tea tree, mint (a few drops are enough) - these products clean and disinfect the cavities in the sinuses, and also relieve swelling of the mucous membranes.
2. Lotions made from a mixture of propolis and golden mustache juice. To prepare them, take several balls of propolis, soak them in a mixture of water and golden mustache juice (50 to 50), heat them a little over low heat, place them in 2-3 thick pieces of gauze folded in several layers and apply the product to the area of ​​the affected sinuses. Keep the lotions for 30-40 minutes, perform the above steps no more than once a day, for about 10-12 days.
3. Classical herbal medicine. Take two tablespoons of string, 1 tbsp. a spoonful of hop cones, and three teaspoons of oregano. Boil the decoction for 10 minutes, add one teaspoon of dried wormwood, stir, strain, cool and drink 100 mg twice a day on an empty stomach. Funds for two weeks.
4. Tea mushroom. For sinusitis, traditional medicine recommends using kombucha tincture as a nasal rinse.
5. Children's decoction. In the old days, the following remedy was prepared for children with sinusitis: one teaspoon each of aspen bark, pine buds, tansy, coriander, goldenrod and edelweiss fruits, it is necessary to brew in 2 liters of water, then judge and filter the tincture. Take 100 ml internally three times a day, and also instill two drops into the nose, also three times a day. The course of treatment is two weeks.

Useful video

Dr. Komarovsky about sinusitis and methods of its treatment in children.

Sinusitis is an infectious-inflammatory disease of a viral, bacterial, fungal or allergic nature. What to do if sinusitis occurs: symptoms and treatment in adults depend on understanding the specifics of the inflammatory process. The disease often occurs as a complication against the background of influenza, rhinitis, ARVI, acute respiratory infections.

What is sinusitis

Sinuses are communicating paranasal or paranasal sinuses. Swelling of the nasal mucosa blocks the path for free communication and outflow of mucus from the sinuses. In such favorable conditions, pathogenic flora develops. Sinusitis and sinusitis, what is the difference? Sinusitis is a special case of sinusitis. Inflammatory phenomena during sinusitis are observed in one or both maxillary sinuses.

Symptoms of sinusitis in adults

The main role in the development of the clinical picture is played by the Pfeiffer wand. Pneumococcus, streptococcus, moraxella, fungi, and other viruses are rare. The main reason for the development of the disease is improper treatment of rhinitis. Indirect reasons are: allergies, dental diseases, weak immunity. Signs of sinusitis are the following:

• headache, fatigue;
• loss of appetite;
• heat;
• intermittent nasal congestion;
• persistent runny nose with yellow-green discharge;
• severe night cough;
• swelling;
• pain in the face;
• dental examination (odontogenic sinusitis due to dental problems).

Spicy

What is sinusitis characterized by: symptoms and treatment of sinusitis in adults have their own specifics. Maxillary sinusitis is characterized by radiating pain in the maxillary sinuses and the presence of purulent discharge in the acute form. Purulent sinusitis is characterized by cloudy, serous, purulent discharge with an unpleasant odor. Antibiotics are used in treatment. Catarrhal sinusitis is accompanied by mucous discharge.

Acute ethmoiditis has similar symptoms to acute sinusitis. You feel pressure in the eyes and bridge of the nose, there is a loss of sense of smell, and difficulty in nasal breathing. The pathology of the posterior sections of the ethmoid bone is sphenoiditis, and the anterior sections are frontitis. Manifestations of frontal sinusitis are similar to those of ethmoiditis, except for the localization of pain impulses.

Chronic

Chronic sinusitis is sluggish in nature, the symptoms are not pronounced: night cough due to the outflow of purulent accumulations, pain in the maxillary sinuses, weakening in the “lying down” position. With chronic sinusitis, the structure of the mucous membrane of the middle nasal passage changes. Sphenoiditis provokes the development of meningitis and impaired visual activity.

Treatment of sinusitis at home in adults

Mild and moderate inflammation does not require constant monitoring by specialists. In such cases, home treatment for sinusitis is feasible. The patient does not experience psychological stress as from inpatient treatment. Treatment of chronic sinusitis in adults occurs on an outpatient basis. However, it requires further efforts to strengthen the body's immune system.

Drugs

Conservative treatment is aimed at eliminating the main symptoms of the disease. Such drugs are used according to the instructions of a specialist. Such medications should not be used for a long time. The vasoconstrictor factor has negative side effects. They cannot be prescribed for hypertension. Complex treatment includes the appointment of:

• anti-inflammatory drugs (erispal);
• sulfonamides (biseptol);
• vasoconstrictors (naphthyzin);
• dental examination (for odontogenic sinusitis).

Antibiotics

The acute form of the disease requires the appointment of etiotropic therapy. The duration of treatment, dosage, and type of drug are prescribed by the doctor. Modern antibiotics can relieve a person of severe forms of sinusitis in 3 days. During a course of antibiotics, you need to use probiotics to help normalize intestinal flora and reduce the load on the liver.

Drops

Nasal drops are an excellent way to treat and prevent sinusitis. When using vasoconstrictor drops, swelling of the mucous membrane decreases. Drops containing antibiotics provide antimicrobial therapy. Products based on sea water have an anti-inflammatory effect. Drops of plant origin rinse the nasal cavity.

Alternative treatment for sinusitis

Traditional medicine occupies an important place in the treatment of sinus inflammation. Sinusitis: symptoms and treatment of exacerbations in adults? Preference should be given to proven methods. The main role in the treatment of sinusitis is played by hydrogen peroxide 3%. Atomic oxygen is a component of peroxide that copes with many ailments. Add 15-20 drops of peroxide to 1/4 cup of boiled warm water, then rinse the nose with a syringe without a needle.

Inhalations

Inhaling the vapors of essential oils helps heal diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Essential oils of coniferous trees are especially beneficial. The addition of menthol, sage, and bay leaf has a beneficial effect. The use of inhalations is contraindicated for people prone to allergies. Vapors that are too hot can burn the respiratory tract.

Video: how to treat sinusitis

Sinusitis is a common complication of acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, and rhinitis. Severe symptoms of the disease with inadequate attention lead to the most tragic consequences. An advanced form of sinusitis can cause meningitis, lead to irreversible processes in the visual function of the eyeball, and death. Watching this video will help you take preventative measures.

Consider the types of treatments used for sinus inflammation, what medications are used, and what a comprehensive treatment and systemic approach is. Find out what new techniques are being used. Determine whether surgery always involves incisions. All doubts will be cleared by the answers from the video below.

What is sinusitis? Sinusitis disease is an infectious-inflammatory process of the paranasal sinuses and nasal mucosa. Inflammation affects the tissues of the paranasal areas on one or both sides of the organ. The accessory nasal cavities are small in size and located in the facial and cerebral parts of the skull. They communicate with the nose. A characteristic clinical manifestation of the disease is inflammation of the mucosal epithelium lining the nasal cavity.

There are four nasal cavities:

• Frontal sinus;
• Maxillary sinus;
• Lattice labyrinth;
• Sphenoid unpaired sinus.

The inflammatory process can be diagnosed in various areas. Most often the lesion affects the maxillary sinuses. The sphenoid sinus rarely becomes inflamed. At the first signs of damage, you need to seek help from an otolaryngologist.

Classification of sinusitis

There are different types of sinusitis:

• Sinusitis;
• Ethmoiditis;
• Sphenoiditis;
• Frontit.

Sinusitis is an inflammatory process of one or both maxillary adnexal cavities. The course of the disease can be acute, subacute and chronic. Sinusitis is characterized by severe pain, high fever, and accumulation of pus in the sinuses. The symptoms of sinusitis are obvious. There is severe pain in the affected maxillary sinus, which radiates to the frontal part, temple, and jaw. Bilateral sinusitis is characterized by nasal congestion. There is a blockage of the tear ducts, causing tearing. A cloudy, viscous and purulent exudate is released from the nostrils. The patient suffers from fever and chills, general weakness.

With sinusitis, the patient is bothered by a night cough, swelling of the nasal cavities, and swelling of the face. The outflow of mucus from the maxillary sinuses is disrupted. The pain is pressing or bursting. Odontogenic sinusitis is characterized by the discharge of purulent discharge from the nasal passages and increased pain when pressing on the nasal cavity.

Ethmoiditis is a pathology affecting the cells of the ethmoid labyrinth. Signs of the disease are pressing pain, swelling of the nose, serous-purulent discharge. When the posterior parts of the labyrinth become inflamed, sphenoiditis occurs. Inflammation affects the epithelium of the nasal mucosa. The disease provokes conjunctivitis and swelling of the eyelids. Acute sinusitis causes headache. The process has an adverse effect on the eyeballs.

Frontitis is a lesion of the frontal sinuses. Severe pressing pain is felt in the frontal part of the skull, which intensifies in the morning. This form of the disease is characterized by fever, accumulation of purulent exudate in the frontal cavities, and nasal congestion. There is pain in the eyes and decreased sense of smell. In the chronic course of the disease, hypertrophy of the epithelium of nasal tissue develops. The process can spread to the bone structure. Complications of sinusitis include the appearance of fistulas and necrotic areas.

With sphenoiditis, damage to the ethmoidal labyrinth and an inflammatory process in the sphenoid sinus are observed. Localization of severe painful sensations occurs in the occipital part, in the area of ​​the orbit and crown. Inflammation affects the optic nerve. These complications of sinusitis are dangerous and require immediate medical intervention.

Reasons for the development of sinusitis

Blockage of the nasal anastomosis occurs for various reasons. The disease develops due to infection, congenital anomalies, nasal trauma, hypertrophic rhinitis, and poorly performed surgical intervention.

Sinusitis is caused by various pathogens:

• Pfeiffer wand;
• Pneumococci;
• Streptococci;
• Staphylococcus aureus;
• Anaerobic bacteria;
• Mushrooms;
• Viruses.

The disease develops as a result of mycosis, hypothermia of the body. A runny nose often affects children. You can get sick as a result of contact with an infected patient or from inhaling aggressive substances in a hazardous workplace. Improper dental treatment leads to purulent inflammation of the maxillary sinus.

The disease causes a decrease in immunity during colds, the use of antibiotics, and deformation of the nasal structures. The addition of a secondary infection aggravates the condition of the sick person and contributes to the occurrence of serious complications. The causes of sinusitis also lie in incorrectly performed medical procedures in the clinic. Inflammation can be caused by probing of the nasal cavities, as well as other diagnostic and treatment methods.

Symptoms of sinusitis in adults are observed with smoking abuse. Chronic sinusitis is caused by adenoids and polyps, anomalies of the nasal turbinates. Many genetic diseases contribute to the development of the inflammatory process. Risk factors include diabetes, allergic diathesis, use of steroid drugs, diseases of the jaw and teeth.

Symptoms of sinusitis

The inflammatory process of the nasal cavities is characterized by:

• Swelling;
• Narrowing of the anastomosis of the organ;
• Discharge of large amounts of mucus from the nasal passages;
• Increased body temperature;
• Poor ventilation of the paranasal sinuses;
• Difficulty in nasal breathing;
• Tearing;
• General weakness;
• Decreased appetite;
• Nasal congestion and dryness;
• Sneezing;
• Cough;
• Decreased sense of smell;
• Headache;
• Lack of oxygen in sinus tissues;
• Purulent discharge;
• Changes in the membranes of the mucous membrane of the cavity.

Favorable conditions for the life of pathogenic microorganisms contribute to the further spread of infection. Complications of sinusitis are difficult to treat, so it is important not to start the inflammatory process.

Types of sinusitis

Bacterial sinusitis is caused by exposure to pathogenic flora. Characteristic forms of the disease:

• Catarrhal;
• Serous;
• Productive;
• Choleastomic;
• Atrophic;
• Polypous;
• Cystic;
• Hyperplastic;
• Exudative;
• Purulent;
• Necrotic;
• Mixed.

Viral sinusitis can be unilateral or bilateral. In the first version, inflammation occurs in the right or left part of the organ. With bilateral development, the pathology affects paired zones. If several accessory cavities become inflamed, polysinusitis develops.

Allergic sinusitis is caused by exposure to allergen particles and affects the lining of the sinuses. A severe form of the runny nose affects all parts of the organ. Chronic sinusitis is difficult to cure and is fraught with intracranial complications.

Fungal sinusitis requires correct diagnosis of the causative agent of the disease. Not all medications have a detrimental effect on the pathogenic organism. Unexpressed symptoms do not allow one to correctly determine that the disease is caused by fungi. A runny nose is commonly called “infectious sinusitis” and affects the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract.

Cystic sinusitis is characterized by the formation of cysts. The nasal mucosa consists of a large number of glands that secrete a special substrate. When swelling occurs, the ducts become blocked and the glands become blocked. Fluid begins to accumulate in the excretory ducts. Various types of cysts begin to form. Cystic formations include mucus or pus.

Diagnosis of sinusitis

Modern medicine offers various effective ways to detect the disease. The doctor will quickly diagnose sinusitis and be able to monitor the further course of the disease. Timely diagnosis will prevent further development of the disease. Many methods and studies can determine catarrhal sinusitis:

• X-ray of the paranasal cavities;
• Rhinoscopy:
• Ultrasound of the nasal sinuses;
• Diaphanoscopy;
• CT scan.

Each method has its own advantages and allows you to identify disorders in organ cavities, tissue deformation and accumulation of pus.

Laboratory tests are performed:

• Bacteriological culture of mucopurulent nasal discharge;
• Biochemical blood tests;
• Determination of microflora sensitivity to antibiotics.

Differential diagnosis of sinusitis helps to determine the causative agent of the disease, the form of the disease, its stage and prescribe the correct drug therapy.

Why is sinusitis dangerous?

The inflammatory process can affect bones and brain tissue. The infection can penetrate deep into the tissue, so the consequences of sinusitis are extremely severe.

In acute and chronic course of the disease, the following are diagnosed:

• Optic neuritis;
• Meningitis;
• Abscess of brain tissue;
• Osteomyelitis;
• Sinus thrombophlebitis;
• Tissue thrombosis;
• Periostitis of the orbit.

These diseases are difficult to treat and can be fatal. Many doctors give a favorable prognosis for recovery, depending on the form and course of the disease.

Treatment of sinusitis

Therapy is aimed at eliminating symptoms and destroying the pathogen. It is important to prevent further development of sinusitis and complications. Complex treatment with antibiotics, vasoconstrictors and antihistamines is used. Additionally, sinus rinsing is prescribed. The following are used in treatment:

• Anti-inflammatory drugs;
• Sulfa drugs;
• Nasal vasoconstrictor drops and sprays;
• Corticosteroids;
• Physiotherapy;
• Folk remedies.

Acute sinusitis requires the prescription of an antibiotic. Medicines of the cephalosporin or penicillin groups are often used. Treatment of sinusitis includes the use of nasal medications Rinofluimucil, Vibrocil, Pinosol, Isofra, Bioparox.

The nose is washed with saline solutions Aqualor Forte, Aquamoris, Moreal Plus. Sinusitis in children requires regular sanitation of the nasal passages and their cleansing of purulent mucous exudate. The drugs used for sinusitis are Physiomer, Aqualor Extra, and Sinupret. The products have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.

Bilateral sinusitis is treated with special effective antibacterial and homeopathic medicines of the latest generation. The modern medicine Euphorbium compositum has proven itself well in therapy. The product moisturizes the nasal mucosa and is not addictive.

Physiotherapy procedures will help to cope with the disease - heating the nasal cavities with UHF, quartz, electrophoresis, paraffin. At home, you can warm your nose with hot salt. In the absence of high temperature, steam inhalations with essential oils and decoctions of medicinal plants are prescribed. The procedures facilitate nasal breathing, promote the outflow of mucus and thin the exudate.

Additionally, treatment with folk remedies is carried out. To relieve inflammation, aloe juice, propolis, garlic and onion drops are used. Rinsing the nasal sinuses with herbal decoctions of chamomile, calendula, dandelion, linden promotes a speedy recovery. It is necessary to clear the secretions from each nostril in turn. After rinsing, vasoconstrictor drops are instilled into the nasal passages.

How to treat sinusitis during pregnancy? During pregnancy, the use of antibiotics is not always advisable. Exposure to many medications can cause irreversible damage to the further development of the fetus. Therapy is prescribed only by the attending physician. Sinusitis during pregnancy is treated with safe nasal sprays and drops that do not contain hormones or harmful substances. Folk remedies of alternative medicine are used. When treating a runny nose, it is important to consider the benefits and harms for the expectant mother and child.

Prevention of sinusitis

To prevent the development of the disease, it is necessary to promptly get rid of measles, flu, infections, and scarlet fever. In some cases, correction of the nasal septum is required.

Preventative measures include:

• Maintaining a healthy indoor microclimate;
• Strengthening immunity;
• Treatment of dental diseases;
• Daily wet cleaning;
• Regular walks in the fresh air;
• Maintaining a proper diet;
• Gymnastics classes.

Compliance with medical recommendations and preventive measures will allow you to quickly defeat acute sinusitis and prevent the chronic course of the disease. The use of homeopathic remedies allows you to stabilize the immune system and strengthen the body's defenses. As a result, resistance to colds and viral diseases that cause the development of a runny nose increases.