These people glorified the Volga. O Volga, my cradle (the image of the Volga River in Russian literature). Ra, ancient name of the Volga River

What does the Volga mean for Russia? For every resident of our vast country, the Volga is not just one of the largest rivers on Earth (3530 meters). Not just the central waterway of Russia: 15 regions, 4 cities with a population of more than 1 million are located on the Volga. And not just a river with major economic importance: 8 hydroelectric power stations, a center for shipping and fishing. Of course, all this is not the main thing. The Volga is the soul of Russia: I’m sure everyone who cares about our country, from Kaliningrad to Vladivostok, from Novaya Zemlya to Sochi, will agree with this.

How many songs have been written about her! “The Volga River Flows” comes to mind immediately, in the famous performance by Lyudmila Zykina. “Because of the island to the core” with Stenka Razin: “Volga-Volga, dear mother, Volga is the Russian river...” And “Dubinushka”, the song of the Volga barge haulers, which Fyodor Chaliapin glorified throughout the world with his bass! And people fell in love with the modern “From the Volga to the Yenisei”: a cheerful and sincere song about our “Race”, which is inextricably linked with the Volga... The Volga is also our literature: Nekrasov, Maxim Gorky, Ostrovsky and his “Dowry”. And our story. “There is no land for us beyond the Volga” - these words of the legendary sniper Vasily Zaitsev became the spirit of the fighting Stalingrad. The Volga is the frontier for which our grandfathers fought without sparing their lives. This is what the Volga means for our country.

I myself have seen the great Russian river twice. Not in its widest places - in the Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions. But it’s still impressive: you can’t see the other shore. But my late grandfather grew up on the banks of the Volga, in the Ivanovo region. Severe, but sincere, hard-working, less words - more action, sincere, always ready to “cut the truth”: a real Volga character. It’s hard to even imagine how much the Volga meant to him. I still remember how he sang: “Hey, let's whoop! Yes, hey, let's go! - his favorite song. It came straight from the heart... But, I repeat once again, even for those who have never seen this great river, it is our national treasure. Which we may soon lose...

The death of the Volga. This is precisely the terrible prospect that specialists now face. A few days ago, the Volzhsky Humanitarian Institute hosted a conference “Volzhsky - a noospheric city”, at which more than a dozen doctors and candidates of science, ecologists, and experts in the field of anthropology addressed the President of the Russian Federation. It talks about the need to transfer the Volzhskaya HPP cascade to an ecological (natural) operating mode. “The damage to the state from the degradation of the Volga ecosystem cannot be calculated,” scientists explain.

“More than 40% of the Russian population, living in 39 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, whose territories are fully or partially located in the Volga basin, depend on the Volga ecosystem. Therefore, transferring the cascade of Volga-Kama hydroelectric power stations to an ecological (natural) operating mode is the first necessary step in the revival of the Volga ecosystem. The initiative from the Volgograd region and other constituent entities of the federation to transfer the cascade of Volga-Kama hydroelectric power stations to an environmentally friendly operating mode is natural and justified.
The total installed electrical capacity of hydroelectric power stations in the Volga basin exceeds 11,400 MW, and the average annual electricity generation is 38.5 billion kWh, which is about 4% of the total generation in the country. But the damage to the state from the degradation of the Volga ecosystem cannot be calculated economically. In addition, about 25 thousand square meters are flooded under reservoirs. km of fertile land, which is comparable to the area of ​​small states on Earth,” writes correspondent Olga Poplavskaya on the news portal “Free Press - South”.
What exactly is happening to the Volga?

There has not been such low water on the river for 100 years.

Environmentalists ask the President of Russia, the Prosecutor General's Office and the Minister of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation to understand the true causes of the environmental disaster in the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. The most difficult situation is now in the villages on the left bank of the Volga and on Sarpinsky Island, the largest river island in Europe by area. The wells have dried up. People no longer even have enough drinking water, not to mention watering their gardens. According to the Free Press - South portal, a few days ago residents of Sarpinsky Island almost collided with summer residents who turned on the irrigation pump. It ended with a young local resident entering the territory of the pumping station, turning off the pump, and responding to all complaints from the indignant summer residents: “Only over my corpse!” It was solely due to the intervention of the police that there were no casualties.

Of course, the situation affected not only people: plants, fish, birds and animals in the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain natural park are dying. Due to the unprecedentedly small discharge of water from the Volga Hydroelectric Power Station, moisture never entered the rivers, lakes and channels of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain.
According to the official version of hydropower engineers, the reason for the low water supply was a winter with little snow. The press service of the Volzhskaya HPP refers to the spillway regime established by the Federal Water Resources Agency. The RusHydro company, it would seem, did not remain aloof from the crisis. The alarming publication “The Great Volga Dry Land” is posted on its portal. They illustrate the situation with the Volzhskaya hydroelectric power station with a graph of water inflow and consumption at hydroelectric power stations located upstream: Rybinsk, Zhigulevskaya, Kuibyshevskaya. The conclusion they draw is: “In fact, we are dealing with a natural disaster, the consequences of which are greatly mitigated by a cascade of reservoirs on the Volga.” As a result, energy experts urge, it is necessary to “save water and get used to living in low-water conditions. According to scientists’ calculations, we are at the beginning of a low-water phase on the Volga, which may continue for another 20-30 years.” They also point out that “the operating modes of hydroelectric power plants are determined not by power engineers, but by a state organization - the Federal Agency for Water Resources (Rosvodresursy). It is she who determines how much water to pass (or not to pass) through hydroelectric power plants, and hydropower plants are obliged to accurately comply with the regimes prescribed by Rosvodresursy.”

Well, this is not the first and not the last call to “tighten your belts” and “wait for better times.” The only thing that has changed is that earlier “tighten your belts” sounded like an order (who is even asking you?!), but now you have to present a “scientifically based” version of why people once again have to humble themselves and endure. Is this justified?

“The Volgograd reservoir is, in fact, a colossal reservoir for water, which is created with the help of a dam blocking the riverbed,” explains how exactly it is possible to artificially change the climate and create drought somewhere, and flood in other places, ecologist, chairman of the regional branches of the Green Alliance party Lyudmila Solovyova. - The water pressure created by the dam makes it possible to generate electricity using hydroelectric power units. Reservoirs store water when there is a lot of it and release water when there is little. Accordingly, the water level in the reservoir is not constant. By spring it is minimal - during the winter hydroelectric power stations produce a lot of water for electricity production. In the spring, after the snow begins to melt, there is much more water in the rivers, and the reservoir begins to fill. We believe that the management of the Volzhskaya HPP discharges less water from the reservoir in the spring than enters it. The logic of behavior of the managers of hydroelectric power stations, who are freed by the reform of the electric power industry from real control and responsibility for their actions, seems simple and comparable to the logic of the management of the Volzhskaya hydroelectric power station of the “everything for profit” principle.

What is the reason for this decision by the power engineers? The higher the reservoir is filled, the lower the cost of the energy generated by the hydroelectric power station, and, accordingly, the higher its income. Perhaps one of the solutions that is possible in this situation is an immediate independent audit of the state of affairs: the water level at the Volzhskaya HPP, discharge indicators. The fact is that, according to environmentalists, water is being discharged at a rate of 10 thousand cubic meters per second, the maximum discharge was 16 thousand cubic meters per second. And to achieve any acceptable water level, this figure must be 25-26 thousand cubic meters. These data are reported by the chairman of the regional branch of the Green Alliance party, Lyudmila Solovyova, an ecologist by training. She also claims that even in the lowest-water year of 2006, power engineers dumped 18 thousand m 3, and it was a disaster, since the water did not enter the floodplain, and the eriks and lakes dried up, floodplain meadows died. This year the water did not enter the floodplain at all. Lyudmila Solovyova is surprised: what prevented hydrologists from giving 26 thousand cubic meters for two days so that the water would at least enter the floodplain?

According to environmentalists, the catastrophic consequences that await the floodplain are the consequences of gross violations of the rules for regulating the flows of the Volga-Kama cascade. These rules, although developed in the 1980s, have not been repealed. Yet no one takes them into account now. The cost of electricity generated at the Volzhskaya HPP is six kopecks per kilowatt per hour, and the selling price is six rubles. It is more profitable for hydroelectric power plants to generate electricity in large volumes in winter, because there is more darkness and cold, so maximum water flows are discharged through the turbines. But there’s not enough for spring. As for the references to winters with little snow, here too environmentalists object: the Volga-Kama basin is designed for long-term regulation, and if the rules were followed, it would be possible to easily withstand three dry years in a row, ensuring normal spring floods. The current situation was a consequence of the fact that business was put at the forefront, and not the interests of Russia in general and the region in particular.

Here is how the former vice-chairman of the board of the Volgograd Regional Environmental Fund, Konstantin Glushenok, comments on the situation: “When hydrologists say that the current year is low-water, in my opinion, they are disingenuous. For comparison: let’s take 2011, when the annual flow of the Volga was lower than in the previous year, 2014. Then it was 201 cubic kilometers, and the spring discharge of water from the Volzhskaya hydroelectric station in the peak phase reached 25 thousand cubic meters per second. In 2014, the annual flow was 224 cubic kilometers, that is, 23 cubic kilometers more than in 2011. However, the discharge during the spring flood of 2015 reached only 16 cubic meters per second. That is, with significantly large reserves of water in the Volga, hydropower companies released a significantly smaller volume of water this spring, hiding behind unsubstantiated statements about low water.”

The reason for the oddities and inconsistencies in the numbers, according to the expert, will become clear if we analyze the volumes of winter water discharge from the Volzhskaya HPP.

“During the winter months, with the standard winter discharge of 4.2 cubic meters per second, there were days when the discharge was more than six thousand cubic meters per second,” Konstantin Glushenok told the Volgograd news portal v1.ru. – This is what, in my opinion, puts hundreds of millions of dollars into the pockets of those who are managers of JSC RusHydro. Therefore, now, when we see that they bought gloves and bags for volunteers to collect garbage along the banks of the Akhtuba and reservoir, this, in my opinion, is hypocrisy and is incommensurate with the billions of dollars of damage that, I believe, they cause to such a unique object as Volga-Akhtuba floodplain."

The head of the department “Integrated use of water resources and ecology” of Volgograd State Agrarian University, Honored Ecologist of the Russian Federation Vladimir Loboyko, agrees with the conclusions of Konstantin Glushenko.

“On the situation with the floodplain and low water, Vice-Governor Alexander Belyaev asked me to express my opinion,” said Mr. Loboyko. – I, in turn, asked them to request data from our Volgograd gauging station of the Hydrometeorological Center. All this information was provided to me. I analyzed them, after which it turned out that, in fact, with an objective need of 4,200 in winter and autumn, five to six thousand cubic meters were discharged through the Volzhskaya hydroelectric station. In winter, these floods are absolutely unnecessary. In some previous years, not in 14-15, but earlier, when I was a deputy of the Volgograd Regional Duma, during winter discharge it reached 14 thousand cubic meters per second, and the water rose into the floodplain, into the eriki, which is unnatural for natural conditions. There is no reason for such winter discharges, except that six kopecks is the cost of generating a kilowatt-hour of electricity at a hydroelectric power station and six rubles is the selling price, in my opinion. I believe that what is happening is nothing more than elementary corruption and collusion between RusHydro and Rosvodresursy.”

How did RusHydro representatives respond to these accusations?

RusHydro press secretary Elena Vishnyakova made an official statement, which was published on the Free Press - South portal. First of all, she confirmed that the operating mode of the Volzhskaya HPP is determined by the Federal Agency for Water Resources (Rosvodresursy). And the agency makes these decisions based on the recommendations of the interdepartmental working group (IWG), which includes representatives of the administrations of all regions of the Volga region, all Volga basin departments (territorial divisions of the FAVR), the Ministry of Agriculture, Rosrybolovstvo, Rosmorrechflot, JSC System Operator of the Unified Energy System, Rostekhnadzor, Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation and hydropower. Elena Vishnyakova also pointed out that the priority is to ensure uninterrupted supply to the population and socially significant facilities, and the interests of energy workers come last. As an example, she cited the situation with the shutdown of the Rybinsk and Uglich hydroelectric power stations in order to fill the reservoir to a level suitable for navigation. As factors that led to the catastrophic situation in the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, she named low water inflow and low water reserves in reservoirs, also pointing out that all information about snow reserves can be found on the Roshydromet website.

Elena Vishnyakova also disputes the assertion that due to the unprecedentedly small discharge of water from the Volzhskaya HPP, moisture did not enter the rivers, lakes and channels. According to her, 16 thousand cubic meters is not a low discharge rate, but, on the contrary, a standard value (according to the Rules for the Use of Water Resources). As for the water, according to a representative of the RusHydro company, it still entered the floodplain, albeit in small quantities.

Regarding the increase in discharge at the Volzhskaya HPP, then, according to Elena Vishnyakova,

this will cause a sharp depletion of the Volgograd and Kuibyshev reservoirs, since costs at the Zhigulevskaya hydroelectric station will also need to be increased. In conditions of low water, such measures will lead to a socio-economic and environmental disaster in settlements located on the banks of these reservoirs.

Elena Vishnyakova particularly focused on the situation with the water level in the hydroelectric power station. Refuting the claims of ecologists that large discharges were observed in winter, she refers to the hydrological Informer, which is located on the RusHydro website (the Informer really works, but judging by its data for December 2014 - March 2015, discharges occur almost every day at least not by much, but exceeded the standard 4200 m3/s - P.K.).

Other representatives of RusHydro respond in even harsher terms: “In every region we have at least one expert who believes that everyone is deceiving, and only he is the bearer of the truth”; “You can’t just take and, as Volgograd experts say, “leave” half of the Volga to the left”; “And then, in winter there are no discharges. If there were discharges in winter, the dam of the Volzhskaya hydroelectric station would be covered in ice. Because water turns into ice in winter, there is such a principle of natural history.” In addition, it is planned to create a “School for Young Energy Engineers” for journalists and experts.

Such arguments by RusHydro representatives are emotional, but, unlike the company’s press secretary Elena Vishnyakova’s appeal to numbers and facts, they are hardly convincing to the expert community.

They are even less convincing for the population of the affected region.

While controversy continues in the media and at conferences, the situation continues to escalate. As of June 24, 2015, there have been no emergencies or collisions yet. But there are fears that the case will not be theirs. Meanwhile, a video of a massive fish death on the Volga near Astrakhan is gaining a lot of views on the Internet. These are the consequences of low water: the fish were unable to enter the flooded meadows to spawn. Environmentalists report: this means that in the next two years there will be no fish on the Volga. From what was once the fishiest river that fed thousands of people on its banks, the Volga is turning into a shallow swamp...

Local residents and environmentalists are not giving up. The experts sent a letter to the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev with a call to take action against energy workers. Environmentalists ask the head of government to take action, to involve the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation and the Prosecutor General's Office to identify persons or organizations responsible for the current environmental situation. Under the letter from D.A. Hundreds of residents of the Sredneakhtubinsky district, where the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain is located, also signed up for Medvedev.

Meanwhile, Russian Minister of Agriculture Alexander Tkachev promised to send specialists to the Astrakhan region, neighboring Volgograd, to understand the causes of low water. The Astrakhan region is also suffering catastrophic losses. At a recent conference call with the Ministry of Agriculture, the regional leadership reported that the lack of water has led to more than 300 thousand hectares of natural hayfields remaining unflooded, which leads to a decrease in their feed capacity and the volume of roughage procurement for the autumn-winter stall period.

The debate between energy workers and environmentalists is well-reasoned. But every minute the situation becomes more difficult. The only possible option for resolving the situation seems to be the arrival of the country's top leadership to the site of the environmental disaster, accompanied by experts, in order to establish the current state of affairs and take immediate measures. During the catastrophic flood in the Far East, the country's leadership kept its finger on the pulse and acted promptly and decisively. Drought is no less a natural disaster. Moreover, if it turns out that it was created artificially, this is already a large-scale crime against the security of the country. The Ecograd magazine will closely monitor the situation and promptly inform our readers about it.

P.S. The Ecograd magazine is closely monitoring the rescue of our other national treasure - Lake Baikal, which is under new threat...

Read our special reports:

Pavel Kalashnikov

The Volga River is the largest river in the European part of Russia and the largest river in Europe. It originates on the Valdai Hills at an altitude of 228 m, from a spring in the village of Volgo-Verkhovye, Tver Region and, flowing throughout Central Russia, flows into the Caspian Sea.

Our Slavic ancestors called the Volga River “big water.” I think due to its enormous size. You look at her, you look - and it seems that time stops. According to Alexandre Dumas, the Volga is the queen of our rivers. She is a protector, nurse and intercessor. The river feeds and waters people; it is a natural barrier from enemies. The Volga is called mother. After all, the Volga was the main route connecting Europe and Asia.

The Volga is considered the favorite symbol of Russia. In various songs and poems it has always been famous as “Mother River”, “Mother Volga”. Volga legends, tales and legends were passed down from generation to generation. This folklore tradition attracted the attention of many poets of the last century. The theme of the Volga has long occupied a special place in Russian poetry. The theme of the mother Volga and the nurse Volga is widely reflected in folklore and the works of writers, poets, and artists. Summarizing these images, we can say that for a Russian person the Volga is Life itself.

No matter how the Volga changes in the future, it will not cease to be beautiful, majestic, and mysterious for Russian people. And for writers it is a source of inspiration.

The Volga has always inspired cultural figures: the works of many writers are dedicated to the life of its inhabitants - for example, P. I. Melnikov-Pechersky, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, playwright A. N. Ostrovsky, poet N. A. Nekrasov (author of the famous lines: “Oh, Volga, my cradle, has anyone loved you like I do!”, by the world-famous Maxim Gorky, who was born on the Volga and truthfully described the life of its common people.

The brilliant bass Fyodor Chaliapin, a Volga native by birth, also became a famous singer of the great river, whose crowning number was the folk song “Dubinushka”, also dedicated to the plight of the Volga barge haulers. The Volga inspired many poets to write poems and songs, and many painters to create wonderful canvases. The Volga was painted by the wonderful Russian landscape painters F. A. Vasiliev, I. I. Levitan, I. E. Repin.

Each poet solves the theme of the Volga in a unique, unique way. And, nevertheless, it seems possible to find something common, related in the perception and reflection of the great river.

The image of the Volga in the poetry of I. I. Dmitriev

The Volga theme appeared in poetry only at the end of the 18th century, but it also developed in folklore long before that. Such folk songs as “Oh you, Volga, Mother Volga”, “Volga, deep river”, “Down along Mother Volga”, “Volga, my mother”, etc. are widely known. The main song about the Volga for Russians is already For almost half a century, Oshanin’s epically poignant song remains: “From afar the Volga River flows for a long time, the Volga River flows, there is no end or edge,” in which human life and the flow of the river are intertwined into a single whole. Where would our flowing folk song get its only strength if we did not have the Volga, in addition to our uterine earthly expanses?

As is known, N.M. Karamzin ("Volga", 1793) and I.I. Dmitriev ("To the Volga", 1794) are considered to be the discoverers of the Volga theme in poetry.

The Simbirians N.M. Karamzin and I.I. Dmitriev, “enraptured” by the Volga, composed hymns in its honor, thereby trying to exalt “on a weak lyre” “the most sacred river in the world”, “... leave a humble tribute in sincere verses.” Admiring the majestic Volga, glorified by its pupils Karamzin and Dmitriev in Simbirsk, we will honor it with grateful greetings and where it is still, so to speak, in infancy, flowing quietly and humbly.

Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev was born on September 10 (21), 1760 in the family of a Simbirsk landowner. His poetic work lasted a little over ten years. Dmitriev himself wrote that his “active spiritual life. lasted only eleven years." The personality of the poet Ivan Dmitriev and his worldview were shaped not only by the high culture of the family, its spiritual self-sufficiency. Syzran district, Simbirsk and Samara lands from the time of Dmitriev - the southeastern outskirts of Russia. All around are the Volga steppes, rivers, lakes and the Volga. The vastness is such that even if you ride for three years, you won’t get anywhere. The city of Syzran is poorly built, but unusually beautiful due to its location: in the Volga Bay and divided by the Krymza River. River floods in the spring created picturesque views of extraordinary beauty that aroused the imagination. And the combination of water, blue sky and sun filled existence with internal and external peace. Dmitriev significantly expanded the genre diversity of sentimental poetry.

In the poem “To the Volga” (1794), a lyrical image of a poet appears, admiring the beauty and grandeur of the Volga:

The end of the safe run!

Lower your sails, friends!

And you, who brought it to the shore,

Oh Volga! rivers, lakes beauty,

Head, queen, honor and glory,

Sorry!. But first, honor

Turn your attention to the lyre

A singer unknown in the world,

But praised by you!

My vows are fulfilled;

What I wished for has happened

Even in my infancy,

When I stretched out my hands

To you from your father's bush,

Looking at the ships running

On fast white sails!

It’s done, and I bless fate:

A magnificent picture!

The helmsman is there, stretching out his hand,

Through the dense forest to the mound,

He broadcast, calling his companions:

“Razinov was here, friends, camp!”

He spoke and became lost in thought;

Cold sweat poured over him,

And the finger trembled in the air.

Weighed down by the “boring non-commissioned officer service,” Dmitriev often asked for long vacations, which he spent in his native places on the Volga. He devoted his leisure time at work to studying the “rules of poetry” and poetry, imitating mainly French authors of light poetry. The first literary experiments, published anonymously in 1777–1782, were unsuccessful and did not bring success. Once, while at the theater, Dmitriev heard that his poems were called “stupid,” and he stopped publishing for a long time. Dmitriev died on October 3 (15), 1837, surrounded by honor and respect, although his work looked old-fashioned against the backdrop of the achievements of the Pushkin era. His ashes rest in the Moscow Donskoy Monastery.

The image of the Volga in the poetry of N. M. Karamzin

Karamzin was one of the first to sing the Volga (“Volga”, 1793)/./p>

The image of the Volga attracted the attention of N. M. Karamzin. Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin was born on December 1, 1766 near Simbirsk into a noble family. He spent his childhood on the banks of the Volga - a majestic river, “the most sacred in the world” (as it is called in one of his poems). Devoting himself to writing, he became one of the first Russian professional writers. On the banks of the Volga he leads a “distracted lifestyle”: he makes visits to familiar families, does not shy away from the card table, and attends balls. At the same time, he reads Shakespeare and translates Edward Jung. Having an interest in the activities of the “free masons,” Karamzin, together with I. A. Turgenev, Novikov’s comrade-in-arms, left Simbirsk for Moscow. Perhaps Karamzin's main merit as a landscape painter is his awareness of the deep poetry of nature itself as an object of contemplation and a source of inspiration. Karamzin writes the words “Nature” and “Nature” with a capital letter: in his work, for the first time, in line with Rousseauian influences, a poetic cult of nature as such is created, hence the meaning of landscape as a means of “educating the soul.” In the poems “Poetry” and “Gifts” there are the thoughts of a landscape poet about the highest goals of his work, a call to contemplation of nature, which with its beauty ennobles morals and pacifies passions. In Karamzin, for the first time, poetry in general and landscape poetry in particular reflects on itself.

The most sacred river in the world,

Queen of crystal waters, mother!

Am I daring on a weak lyre?

You, O Volga! dignify,

Inspired by the goddess of song,

Surprised by your fame?

Will I dare to play my strings,

Under the sound of your proud waves -

Irrigated by their thin foam,

Refreshing the heart with coolness -

Praise the beauty of your shores,

Where cities and villages flourish,

The wavy fields shine

Under the shade of dense forests,

In which ancient times was heard

A single terrible roar of animals

And the echo never repeated

The kind voice of people, -

Bregov, where they used to live

Hordes of the Golden Tribes;

Where arrows whistled in the air

And where are the banners of the infidels?

Often stained with blood

Holy but weak Christians;

Where corvids fed on corpses

The unfortunate ancient Russians;

But where is now one power

People live in silence

And everyone honors one goddess,

Goddess of happiness and glory

In his works, Karamzin depicted images of relatives and friends, views of the Volga nature. His poem “Volga” (1713) opens an anthology about “the river, the most sacred in the world, the crystal waters of the Queen Mother.” Karamzin’s lines from a letter to his brother (dated June 6, 1808) became textbook: “Simbirsk species are inferior in beauty to few in Europe.” This inescapable love forced him more than once to fly “in his imagination to the banks of the Volga, the Simbirsk Crown.” Karamzin’s words to I. Dmitriev in a letter dated July 9, 1825 are permeated with tragedy: “Dear Simbirsk, Volga, Sviyaga! I probably won’t see you again."

The death of Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin resonated with deep sadness in the hearts of his contemporaries. For them, he was a noble example of service to the motherland, the last chronicler of its past and the first writer of the 19th century. P. A. Vyazemsky gave Karamzin a figurative assessment: “Karamzin is Kutuzov of the 12th year: he saved Russia from the invasion of oblivion, called it to life, showed us that we have a fatherland, as many learned about that in the twelfth year.” .

The image of the Volga in the poetry of N. M. Yazykov

The Volga takes on different meanings in the era of romanticism in the works of K. N. Batyushkov, P. A. Vyazemsky, N. M. Yazykov and others. Their landscapes, where the Volga acts as a symbol of Russia, can be conditionally called “patriotic”. Very often their poems are based on the antithesis “homeland - foreign land,” which makes it possible to express their love for their native country and the beautiful river more clearly and emotionally. Their theme of the Volga is inextricably linked with the theme of the Motherland.

An unsurpassed singer of the water element and its refreshing effect on humans, Simbirian N.M. Yazykov especially loved the Volga.

I pray to holy providence:

Leave me the hard days

But give me iron patience,

But my heart is set to stone.

Let, unchangeable, new life

I'll come to the mysterious gates,

Like the Volga shaft white-headed

The whole one reaches the shores

He dedicated the largest number of poems of all major Russian lyricists to her. Yazykov’s ebullient gift cherishes the image of an agitated, splashing, shocked element. He can be considered the founder of that line in the development of the national landscape that emphasizes not the modest, humble beauty of Russian nature, but its proud spaciousness, brightness, splendor, majesty (“My Motherland”, “Foreign Land”, “Motherland”).

Where is your homeland, young singer?" -

Where the shore is lined with rows of mounds;

Where the Slavs fought while singing accordions;

Where the Volga, like a sea, makes noise with its waves.

There is the memory of heroes, there is a land of inspiration,

There is everything that is dear to me, that makes my heart burn;

The proud singer will fly there,

And the strings will awaken the past genius!

Chapter II. The image of the Volga in poetry of the 19th-20th centuries

The image of the Volga in the poetry of N. A. Nekrasov

In the mid-19th century, thanks to the poets of the revolutionary-democratic camp, the motif of the “labor” Volga, the barge haulers, entered Russian poetry. Here the romantic tradition gives way to the realistic. The theme “nature and labor”, organic for the poet, is sometimes conveyed with Koltsov’s cheerfulness, but more often it takes on a tragic sound. He contrasts the “spectacle” of blooming nature with the “shame” of ignorance, poverty, and lack of rights.

They associate the river primarily with their small homeland: their native village, city, home. They notice how much their native Volga has changed, looking at the steamships running along it, their hearts are torn with pain when they look at the forests cut down along the banks, at the “steel spitting of the Gorynychs,” at “how the blue quilted warmer is blackened tirelessly by fuel oil.”

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov spent his childhood on the banks of the Volga; he constantly came here and, being a famous, recognized poet. He dedicated his best lines to Volga. Since childhood, the familiar Yaroslavl, Kostroma, and Vladimir expanses have always been close and dear to Nekrasov’s heart. The mighty expanses of the Volga, modest villages scattered along its banks, forests, fields, water meadows constantly attracted the poet. Now Volga and Nekrasov are concepts that are hardly separable from each other in the history of Russian culture.

In the late autumn of 1824, the future poet, together with his father and mother, first came to the family estate of Greshnevo. Greshnevo is located not far from the Volga; There are hills, water meadows and fields all around. On the right side of the Volga you can see the golden domes of the Babai Monastery, which Nekrasov talks about in the poem “The Grief of Old Naum.” Down the Volga - starch and molasses factories, the Kostroma lowland, flooded in the spring flood, Kostroma, the Ipatiev Monastery - a majestic monument of ancient architecture

The Nekrasov family house stood at the very end of Greshnev. Its windows overlooked the main road - the Yaroslavl-Kostroma lower tract, which was popularly called Sibirka. The most remarkable thing about the estate, according to Nekrasov, was the old vast garden, surrounded by dense linden trees.

In the depths of the garden, behind the house, there were outbuildings: a kitchen, a bathhouse, a servant's room, and in the farthest corner there was an outbuilding with a brick first floor and a wooden second floor. Serf musicians lived in it. This house was called the “music room”. It has survived to this day. The Volga occupies a very special place, like no other Russian writer, in the life and work of Nekrasov. Here in Greshnev, in his father’s house, Nekrasov learned to “love and hate.” The Volga River flowed not far from Greshnev. Together with his village friends, Nekrasov often visited the Volga bank. He spent whole days here, helping fishermen, wandering around the islands with a gun and spending hours admiring the free expanses of the great river:

Oh Volga!. my cradle!

Has anyone ever loved you like I do?

But one day the boy was shocked by the picture that opened before his eyes: along the river bank, almost bending his head to his feet, a crowd of exhausted barge haulers was pulling a huge bark with their last strength. And a sad, moan-like song seemed to hang over her:

And he was unbearably wild

And terribly clear in silence

Their measured funeral cry -

And my heart trembled.

("On the Volga")

News of the poet's fatal illness brought his popularity to the highest tension. Letters, telegrams, greetings, and addresses poured in from all over Russia. They brought great joy to the patient in his terrible torment. The “Last Songs” written during this time, due to the sincerity of the feeling, focused almost exclusively on memories of childhood, about the mother and about the mistakes made, belong to the best creations of his muse. In the soul of the dying poet, the consciousness of his significance in the history of the Russian word clearly emerged. In the beautiful lullaby “Bayu-bayu,” death tells him: “do not be afraid of bitter oblivion: I already hold in my hand the crown of love, the crown of forgiveness, the gift of your meek homeland. The stubborn darkness will give way to the light, you will hear your song over the Volga, over the Oka, over the Kama." Nekrasov died on December 27, 1877. Despite the severe frost, a crowd of several thousand people, mostly young people, escorted the poet’s body to his eternal resting place in the Novodevichy Convent.

The image of the Volga in the works of I. A. Goncharov

I. A. Goncharov sang the Volga in his own way. He saw in her, in the landscapes that surrounded her, first of all, a craving for harmony and beauty. For the writer, the Volga, the inhabitants of its banks, are an integral part of Russia, its yesterday, today and tomorrow. The inclusion of the Volga River in the composition of “The Cliff” largely helped to depict the uniqueness and individuality of the characters.

The Volga River, its image, is shown in “The Precipice” in the summer months, and the novel itself originated on its banks; it is not without reason that Goncharov repeatedly emphasized this circumstance4.

“In 1849, I went to the Volga, to Simbirsk, to my homeland - and there, over the course of four summer months, a plan for a new novel was born and developed into an extensive program, namely “The Precipice.”

Listing in “An Extraordinary History” which episodes he recounted to Turgenev, Goncharov does not forget to mention “pictures of the Volga”. In 1870, asking his correspondent: “Should I say when this novel was conceived?” - the writer answers: “In 1849, when I myself was on the Volga - and although I was born there, it was as if I saw this region and people for the first time. Vera was conceived there, which never existed - this was my ideal at that time. Marfinki I never knew anyone, but Grandma embodied some of the traits of my mother - as I notice now myself (when all of it has poured out of me) - another old woman whom I knew as a student in Moscow."6

The Volga River for Goncharov is more than just an “object of nature”. Communicating with her, more often indirectly than personally, the characters in the novel, sometimes without noticing it, themselves reveal their character, dreams and moods. Outside the Volga River, the novel could hardly have been built. Its action is impossible, for example, “on the banks of the Neva”; or somewhere outside Russia, like, say, I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Smoke”; It is difficult to imagine the actions and destinies of the heroes of “The Cliff” in another Russian province, where there is no mighty Volga. The historically established way of life is largely predetermined by the location of action. So, in “The Precipice” “on one side there is the Volga with steep banks and the Trans-Volga region; on the other there are wide fields, cultivated and empty, ravines, and all this is closed by the distance of blue mountains” (Part I, Chapter VII). This is both the geography of the novel and the author’s indication of the main landscape of his book. And here is the topography of the “Cliff”: this is a brief description of the small family estate that Boris Raisky inherited “from his mother.” “It all consisted of a small land lying right next to the city, from which it was separated by a field and a settlement near the Volga, of fifty souls of peasants, and of two houses - one stone, abandoned and neglected, and the other a wooden house built by his father” (ch . I, chapter II). This is where Grandmother lived with her two orphan granddaughters, also cousins.

At one time it was noted that in “The Cliff” there is no landscape of Tushino’s “den” or Tushino’s “Dymka”. The reason for this, in our opinion, is the location of Ivan Ivanovich’s estate with a steam sawmill. Physically it is far from the Volga, and in the novel the entire composition, the entire structure is subordinated to it. Let's not forget that the individuality of Goncharov's landscape is the Volga expanse.

The famous river sometimes has figurative, or even fateful, significance and meaning. This Goncharov’s allegory appears in the book carefully and unobtrusively.

The image of the Volga, its presence is felt literally in all episodes of the novel, the image of the river permeates all the cells of the work. Mother Volga, as part of the novel structure, influences the course of action. It is Vera’s moves across the Volga River, to the Volga region, that constitute an important eventual side of the work, reveal the essential features of the heroine’s difficult character, and influence the experiences of either Raisky or Tushin.

Looking ahead, we note: the Volga is the dominant feature of the Russian landscape in Goncharov’s book. In terms of the frequency of mentions and detailed descriptions of the river, the first parts of the novel are noteworthy, where we are talking about Raisky’s fresh impressions after his arrival in Malinovka. “Raisky glanced at the Volga, forgot everything and froze motionless, gazing into its thoughtful course, watching how it spread across the meadows in wide floods.

The image of the Volga helps the author to show the internal contradictions of the Russia of that time more clearly and convincingly. So, the Volga landscape in “The Precipice” constitutes that structural element that contributes and helps the reader understand the spiritual quest of Goncharov’s heroes, these people of the mid-19th century. , their hopes, moods, their spiritual needs, and finally, the power of love. If the world of Russian nature in the novels of I. S. Turgenev is closely connected with the Oryol and Kursk provinces, then I. A. Goncharov’s great love for Russian nature is focused on the Volga, its open spaces, its banks and, of course, on the people living there

The image of the Volga in the poetry of D. N. Sadovnikov

Sadovnikov Dmitry Nikolaevich (25.04, 1847-1912. 1883), folklorist, ethnographer, poet. He studied at the Simbirsk gymnasium and worked as a teacher. Known as a collector. In the collection “Fairy Tales and Legends of the Samara Region” (1884), Sadovnikov published folklore recorded in

Volga region (mainly from the storyteller A.K. Novopoltsev), the collection contains materials about Stepan Razin. Interest in popular movements in

The Volga region was also expressed in Sadovnikov’s own work, in a cycle of poems about Razin; the best of them - “Because of the island to the rod”, “In the city town” - became folk songs. Sadovnikov is called the “singer of the Volga.” In his poems, Sadovnikov glorifies the Russian Volga River

But the spirit of people who feel cramped

The world seemed in excess of strength,

Native tune of Volga songs

Has remained in its scope.

And that song, Putin’s long one,

Both majestic and slender -

Rushing along with the blue Volga

Throwing seeds into the soul.

Who will hear a free song,

Who will sing it from the heart, -

Any heart will split,

Any chains will break!

(“In Zhiguli”)

2. 4. The image of the Volga in the poetry of V. A. Gilyarovsky

Vladimir Alekseevich Gilyarovsky

Volga-queen!. Steamships along it

The mighty waters foam and cut,

They fly to the top and to the bottom like an arrow,

Steam whistles blow loudly,

There is a loud echo from them,

The Burlatsky song is not sung there,

Barge haulers no longer rub their breasts with a strap,

Steam was replaced by human labor.

The Volga left a noticeable mark on the life and work of V. A. Gilyarovsky, that until the end of his days he loved the great Russian river and visited our region more than once.

But, probably, it is important not only that Gilyarovsky visited our region, worked and lived here, but most importantly, that his works and memories can serve as an amazing source for local historians, testifying to how people lived and worked at the white lead factory, how and where we rested. Gilyarovsky was one of the last writers who turned to the life of barge haulers in his work.

I still dream of the wide Volga,

Menacingly calm, menacingly stormy,

I dream of that distant side,

Where my happy youth passed.

I remember. On a steep cliff

Tall oaks, ancient oaks,

They moan when the wind is gusty

Their long branches bend and break.

The weather is howling, the grove is swaying,

All the huge oaks groan louder,

The heavy grief is heard in that groan,

You can hear sadness and joyless melancholy

The image of the Volga in the poetry of A. V. Shiryaevets

Love for the Volga, for the native Volga region runs through all the work of Alexander Shiryaevets.

In one of his letters in 1917, Sergei Yesenin called Shiryaevets: “Bayun of Zhiguli and Volga.” The theme of the small homeland occupies one of the central places in the poet’s work.

Is there anything more wonderful?

Zhiguli ridges?

And what songs

From barges and rafts!

In the first collection of poems by the poet “Zapevka”, published in 1916 in Tashkent, the theme of Zhiguli is one of the main ones:

What is the diva of Turkestan to me,

Piles of silver goodness,

I will look at the Volga

From the guard hill.

After the release of the next collection, a critic’s review appeared in the local newspaper: “You feel the damp Volga smell and the wind when reading the poems of A. Shiryaevts. The poet, as they say, smelled of the Volga. His verse is rollicking and sonorous. Such poems beg to be sung from the chest over the Volga, in its forests. But the poet sings to us here, and we see this dear gigantic river, hear the majestic rhythm of its rich waves, feel how its moist air pours into our souls.”

He is pollen! He's my godfather!

He poured wine into the songs,

And, plunging into the spring,

Gave me the singer's ring.

He, I know, is together with the Volga

He adjusted the strings for me.

I keep swimming to her - to the bride,

On a song wave.

The spring ring is blooming,

And I am young as pollen!

Above the flood of songs

I float with the song of the strings.

I'll float away as soon as it foams

Volga - mother river,

The tramps have no captive soul,

Doesn't shake your wallet!

I love to sing bold songs to me,

What is singing along the Volga,

See the waves - white crests.

Eh, sweetheart, not bondage!

Bring it quickly, nurse,

Our barges and rafts!

Lo and behold, the wind will grow stronger -

There will be less toil!

Don't drink me, ruddy beauty

Waving from the shore?

Yes, a screaming drunk is dearer to me,

I got engaged to the river.

("Burlak")

The image of the Volga in the poetry of A. Tvardovsky

Before the gaze of the Tvardovsky poet floats the Mother Volga, which has absorbed seven thousand rivers, the Urals with its “main sledgehammer of the country,” the Siberian taiga, Baikal, Transbaikalia, thousand-mile expanses right up to the Pacific Ocean. And the word of filial recognition involuntarily breaks out:

Yes, I am involved in this proud force

And in this world - a hero

With you, Moscow,

With you, Russia,

With you, starry Siberia!

Conclusion

Volga is the great Russian river. Our entire country in its diversity and grandeur is reflected in the Volga. The Volga will forever remain a symbol of Russia, a symbol of the Motherland. The amazing beauty of the Volga, its diversity in all its manifestations - from natural landscapes to historical events - will never cease to be beautiful, majestic, and mysterious for Russian people. And for writers it is a source of inspiration. The Volga is like magic, it not only inspires, it fascinates. Having seen the amazing landscapes, the soul unfolds, and poetic lines naturally come to mind. None of this would have happened if once upon a time this wonderful, charming river, Mother Volga, had not overflowed from a small spring. It is simply impossible to remain indifferent to the Volga, which is why poets write extraordinary, soul-capturing poems. After reading their work, you can vividly imagine the described place and the action where everything happened. The Volga is the breadth of the soul, the depth of the heart, the sincerity of the poet’s feelings and words. Thus, our recent contemporary, poet N. Blagov wrote:

And when you are drawn into the expanse of this blue,

And when you are with the immortal river, dear,

Just breathe out:

Volga! - Just say:

Russia!-

May you wash yourself with eternally living water!

No matter how the Volga changed in the future, they wouldn’t talk about it so majestically if it didn’t deserve it - and it DESERVES it!

Methodological development of an extracurricular activity dedicated to the small Motherland, its heroic past and the people who glorified the Volgograd region. Children from grades 6-8 participated in the preparation and holding of the event. In preparing the event, poetic works about the big and small Motherland, as well as works about the Second World War, were used.

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Municipal budgetary educational institution "Novorogachinskaya secondary educational school of the Gorodishchensky district of the Volgograd region"

Open event

“My dear Motherland, your glorious people”

Teacher of Russian language and literature Petrova A.V.

Mathematics teacher Manuzina L.N.

Volgograd 2015

It is well known that great patriotism

starts small - with love

The place where you live

Presenter 1 . The most beautiful thing on earth is the Motherland. Homeland is a word that always evokes a special feeling of belonging and excitement.

Presenter 2 . Every person has a homeland and everyone loves it. Loves the place where he was born and lives. Loves native forests, fields and rivers. He loves his winter and his summer, his autumn and his spring.

Presenter 1 . A person loves the people with whom he lives, loves his people. He loves his native language and the songs, fairy tales, and dances of his people. And all this is the Motherland.

Presenter 2 . When pronouncing this word, everyone simultaneously thinks about Russia, our common Motherland, and about their own region, a small homeland with which our life and destiny are connected.

Reader 1. Russia

This word originated

In the sound of awakened swords,

In the canvases of blue-eyed Rublev,

In the silence of pre-storm nights

Reader 2.

On the battlefield

The dew has ripened

Axes sang on the ashes.

We forgave everything:

We are Great Russians

Always generous and kind.

Reader 3.

For clear dawns, washed with dew,

For a light brown field with tall colossi,

Overflowing rivers in blue flames,

They called you Russia in Slavic.

Russia... Russia... Razdolie... Plains...,

Birch trees are barefoot, gray haired.

Everything is expensive since childhood,

Everything is remembered from childhood,

And yet you can’t see enough of it.

Reader 4

My homeland, my Russia

How can I tell you that I love you?

This sea, this sky is blue,

This is life in your native land!

This rain and these blizzards are evil

These maples, these poplars

My homeland, my Russia

How can I tell you that I love you?

Reader 5.

Our small homeland -

Where I was born and grew up,

Connected with mother's affection,

With the babbling of white birches.

Our small homeland -

Where in a difficult year

Our heart is tired

He'll rest for a while.

Our small homeland -

Where at the farewell hour

Scarlet dawns rise

Seeing us off kindly.SONG “NOT WHITE DAWN”

Presenter 1.

And our small Motherland is Volgograd and the Volgograd region, Novy Rogachik and Gorodishchensky district.Presentation “My Small Motherland”

Reader 1

My Russia is my Volgograd

My Russia is feather grass steppes.

My Russia is dusty snowstorms.

It's cold in winter and hot in summer.

My Russia is my Volgograd.

My Russia – the roads are long.

My Russia is the bank of the Volga.

My Russia was saved by a soldier.

My Russia is my Volgograd.

My Russia is a beautiful people.

My Russia is love and strength.

Tsaritsyn and Stalingrad are alive here.

My Russia is my Volgograd.

Reader 2.

Amazing sunny city

Stands majestically on the steep bank

Amazing sunny city.

Reborn from the ashes, dressed in granite,

It is spacious, welcoming and young.

Here in the south of Russia they live freely

And they are proud of their glorious land,

They sow bread, brew steel, create beauty

People of generous soul, Volgograd residents.

Guests come from all continents and countries

To the city of peace and military valor,

Where the legendary Mamayev Kurgan stands,

Where the war turned back.

And white seagulls fly over the city.

The firmament is limitless and clear.

Volgograd, Volgograd, you are wonderful and holy,

You, like the Volga, are great and beautiful!

Blossom, good one, revel in the spring,

Know no tests

City of will and courage, hero city,

Illuminated by the Great Victory!

Reader 3.

My Stalingrad, Volgograd,

You are the only one in the world!

About you all over the planet

They say admiringly.

The battle monument is alive,

Lower Volga capital,

What in the world compares to you,

My legendary city?!

Above you the sky is blue,

The path to achievement is open!

As in battles, you are now

Famous for his fellow countrymen.

On Mamayev Kurgan,

From the ancient Russian heights,

Like on a fairy tale screen,

You open up to everyone!

Next to the majestic Volga

You've been standing for centuries.

Bright streets with a kind glance

Looking into the twenty-first century.

Our free state

I am proud of your feat.

Like the sun, your glory

Will never fade...

Presenter 2.

But my homeland is not only the place where you were born, raised or live, a place to which you are tied by invisible threads of the soul, and which is probably better than anywhere else in the world.

Presenter 1.

The native land is, first of all, the people who glorified it and gave it their love and heart..

Presenter 2.

Glorious people of the Volgograd land are people who glorified the Volgograd land, people whose names have gained national and world fame.

Presenter 1.

Who are they, the glorious people of the Volgograd land?

Presenter 2.

Ilya Mashkov and Alexandra Pakhmutova, Margarita Agashina and Elena Stepanenko, Evgeniy Plushenko and Gennady Lyachin.

Presenter 1.

Those who passed away with glory into eternity or our contemporaries, mature or very young natives of the Volgograd region, or people who at some stage of their life’s journey linked their fate with our region - all of them are worthy of our recognition, respect and gratitude, and sometimes - boundless admiration .

Presentation about famous people of Volgograd

Presenter 1.

A special place in the history of the Volgograd region is occupied by the years associated with the Great Patriotic War. The Battle of Stalingrad is one of the most important events of the Second World War.

Presenter 2.

It became a turning point in the course of hostilities, after which the German troops finally lost faith in victory

Song "About that spring"

Reader 1.

Crossroads

At the noisiest intersection,

At the entrance to the city of Stalingrad,

There are chestnuts and birches standing

And the spruce trees stand tall.

No matter how you look, you won’t find them

In the forests of the Volga side,

And, they say, these trees

Brought from afar.

And it was like this: there was once a war

I was on the Volga bank.

Three soldiers at the crossroads

We sat next to each other in the snow.

It was January. And the wind is biting

I curled the snow into rings.

A fire was burning at the crossroads -

He warmed the soldiers' hands.

The soldiers knew that there would be a battle.

And before the fight for half an hour

They probably remembered

Your distant forests.

Then there was a battle... And three soldiers

Left in the snow forever.

But the crossroads of Stalingrad

They did not give it to the enemy.

And now at the crossroads,

At the site of the death of the soldiers,

There are chestnuts and birches standing,

And the spruce trees stand tall.

They rustle with alien leaves,

Washed by the rain in the morning,

And burn our memory

The fire of a soldier's fire.

Reader 2.

On the Alley of Heroes

The earth froze from frost and blizzards,

the wind bent the poplars to the ground.

The trams were slipping in the heavy snow,

people walked, cursing February and the snowstorm.

On this winter snowy February day

Lilacs were planted on the Alley of Heroes.

They lay obediently on the frozen roots

lumps of dense snow and frozen earth.

But I couldn’t believe it, and was it only me? –

so that this lilac comes to life in the spring.

And today is spring! The gardens come to life

the last ice floats along the Volga;

at the market an old man sells seeds,

and the boys play football until dark.

Lilacs planted in February

The soul warmed up in the April warmth.

How many people will walk along the alley per day!

Maybe one of them will stop here

and will think the same thing as I think:

Friends died on this land,

young, simple, like me and like you...

They also loved life and flowers.

Reader 3.

February second

In due time -

not too late and not too early -

winter will come,

the earth will freeze.

And you

to Mamayev Kurgan

you'll come

second of February.

And there,

at that frosty one,

at that sacred height,

you're on the wing

white blizzard

put red flowers.

And as if for the first time

you'll notice

what was he like,

their military path!

February, February,

soldier's month -

blizzard in the face,

chest-deep snow.

A hundred winters will pass.

And a hundred snowstorms.

And we are in front of them

everyone is in debt.

February, February.

Soldier's month.

Burning

carnations

on snow. Song “Scarlet Sunsets”

Presenter 1.

Many children, dreaming of adulthood, are looking for some kind of ideal to follow, choosing a person whom they want to be like. Most often, show business stars act as such an ideal. But the true heroes live among us - these are our glorious parents, grandparents. These are our glorious fellow countrymen.

Presentation about Honorary Citizens of the Gorodishchensky District living in Novy Rohachik.

Presenter 2.

Day after day, they modestly do their work: they teach, treat, build, transport, sell, clean, feed - they do everything that we cannot live without. If it weren’t for people like our relatives, our village probably wouldn’t exist. Our country would not have achieved such victories and achievements, because work is the most important thing in life. From all troubles, from all troubles, you can find only one deliverance - in work.

Think what would happen

When would a tailor say:

“I don’t want to sew a dress,

I’ll take a day off!”

And all the tailors in town

They would have followed him home.

If only people walked around naked

Along the street in winter...

When would the driver say:

“I don’t want to transport people,”

And turned off the engine.

Trolleybuses, buses

It would fall asleep with snow,

Factory workers

We could walk...

When a doctor would say:

“I don’t want to pull my teeth,

I won’t, even if you cry!”

Medical care for patients

There wouldn't be any.

And you would sit and suffer

With a tied cheek...

4. A teacher at school would say:

"This year I

I don't want to teach children

I won’t go to school!”

Notebooks and textbooks

We'd roll around in the dust

And we would be unscientists,

They grew to old age!

Suddenly something bad happened!

But he just won't do that

Nobody ever!

And people won't refuse

From the necessary work.

6. A teacher is required

Will come to class the next morning,

And the bakers diligently

They will bake bread for us.

Any task will be completed

What don't you tell them to do?

Tailors and shoemakers.

Drivers and doctors.

We are all a friendly family

We live in the same country

And everyone works honestly

In its place.

Presenter 2.

We hope that among our children there will grow up those whom years later we will proudly call “Glorious people of the Volgograd land.”

The Volga River is the largest river in Europe, the most abundant in Russia. This is the longest river in the world that flows into an inland body of water - the Caspian Sea.

The river basin occupies an area equal to half the area of ​​Europe.

The Volga River (a brief description is given below) has more than one hundred and fifty tributaries - this is one of the record figures on the planet. On average, it takes water 37 days to travel from source to mouth, since the current speed is approximately 4 km per hour. The Volga is one of the few rivers that has its own holiday - in Russia May 20 is considered to be Volga Day.

Volga River: a brief description of the geographical location

The Volga flows through the territory of Russia, only a small branch of the Kigach goes east to the Atyrau region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Volga River (a brief description for children will be given below) begins in the Tver region near the village, which is called Volgoverkhovye.

Here its source is a small stream, which after a few kilometers crosses the lakes - first Small, and then Big Verkhity, which give strength to the great river. About a third is washed by the waters of the Volga basin. The Volga and its tributaries flow through the territory of thirty administrative regions of Russia and one region of Kazakhstan.

The mouth of the river is located in and represents the largest delta in Europe from numerous branches that flow into the Caspian Sea.

Historical information

The Volga, as an important trade artery of Eurasia, has been known to mankind for a long time. Having a great length and favorable geographical position, it was especially popular among traders. Back in the 5th century BC, Herodotus, an ancient Greek philosopher, mentioned it in his treatise on the campaign of King Darius against the Scythian tribes. He named the Volga Oar. In ancient Arabic chronicles it is listed as Itil.

By the 10th century AD, a well-known link connecting Scandinavia with Arab countries had been formed. Large trading centers were formed on the banks of the great river: Khazar Itil and Bulgar, Russian Murom, Novgorod, Suzdal. In the 16th-18th centuries, such large cities as Saratov, Samara, and Volgograd appeared on the map of the Volga region. Here, in the Trans-Volga steppes, the rebel Cossacks and peasants were hiding. Giving a brief description of the Volga, it should be noted that at all times it performed an important economic function - it connected ports within the country and was a highway for communication between different states. In the middle of the 20th century, after its formation, the political function of the river increased - access to the Azov and Black Seas, and therefore to the World Ocean.

Nature of the Volga basin

The Volga River is rich in natural resources. A brief description of the main plant and animal species is given below. There are four types of plants in the water: algae, submerged aquatic plants, aquatic plants with floating leaves, and amphibians. A wide variety of herbs grow in the coastal areas (wormwood, sedge, mint, marshmallow, spurge), as it is covered with extensive meadows. There is an abundance of blackberries and reeds. For hundreds of kilometers along the Volga there are forest belts with birch, ash, willow, and poplar trees. This is a brief description of the Volga River and its flora.

The fauna of the river is also diverse. About fifty species of fish live in the water, including sturgeon, beluga, and stellate sturgeon. The coastal expanses are densely populated by birds and animals. The Volga Delta, where the unique Astrakhan Nature Reserve is located, has a special nature. It is home to many insects, birds, mammals and a wide variety of plants. Some representatives of the fauna existing in the reserve are listed in the Red Book: mute swan, pelican, white-tailed eagle, seal.

Large cities of the Volga region

The Volga region has an advantageous location both geographically and economically. Developed areas of the Urals, Central Russia and Kazakhstan are nearby. The Volga River supplies populated areas with water and energy. A brief description of the most striking cities is given below. On the banks of the Volga there are many large and small cities, with their own unique sights and amazing history. The largest are Kazan, Samara, Volgograd.

Kazan is a beautiful and ancient city, included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Cities. From the side of the Kazanka River - the left tributary of the Volga - the complex of the Kazan Kremlin is visible: the 16th century Annunciation Cathedral, the Kul Sharif mosque, the leaning tower of Syuyumbike. The Kremlin is the main attraction of the city.

Samara is also a city located at the meeting point of three rivers - Samara, Soka and Volga. The main attractions are the bell tower of the Iversky Convent, the historical center of the city.

The hero city of Volgograd is one of the most beautiful settlements in Russia. Among the numerous cultural and historical attractions of the city, it is necessary to note the Mamayev Kurgan, located on the banks of the Volga, the Kazan Cathedral, and the central Embankment.

On the banks of the Volga there are also smaller, distinctive cities and towns with their own historical heritage and cultural monuments.

The name of Hero of the Soviet Union Alexei Maresyev will be given to one of the new streets in the Kirovsky district of Volgograd.
The new street is located at the intersection of Sanatornaya Street and Grigory Zasekin Street, in the Kirovsky District.
Let us remind you that 2016 in the Volgograd region has been declared the Year of Remembrance of the Great Patriotic War fighter pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union Alexei Maresyev.

In memory of heroes

Volgograd school No. 24 was named after the famous pilot Alexander Fedotov.
Alexander Vasilyevich Fedotov is a graduate of this school in 1947. Fedotov Hero of the Soviet Union, test pilot, major general of aviation.
Alexander Vasilyevich Fedotov was born on July 23, 1932 in Beketovka, lived on Armavirskaya Street. In 1940, Alexander went to the first grade of school No. 24. As a child, he was actively involved in sports, was fond of books about aviation, and knew its history well. In 1947 he entered the Stalingrad Special Air Force School No. 7, and in 1950 he entered the Armavir Flight School, where he, as the best cadet, was offered to remain as an instructor.
In 1958, he became a test pilot at the Mikoyan Design Bureau and graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute without interrupting his work. It was Fedotov who tested the MiG-23 fighter in critical flight conditions and set 18 world aviation speed records.
In total, the pilot flew aircraft of various types into the sky about 9,000 thousand times and spent almost 5,000 hours in the air. Alexander Fedotov repeatedly found himself in difficult emergency situations and was forced to eject three times. Over the course of 26 years, he created and implemented his own methodology.
Alexander Fedotov died on April 4, 1984 during a test flight on the MiG-31.
For the courage and heroism shown during the testing of new aircraft, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. He is a laureate of the Lenin Prize, awarded the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner, and the Red Banner of Labor.
In Volgograd there is Fedotova Street. And a few years ago, an exhibition in memory of Alexander Fedotov was opened in the museum of school No. 24 of the Kirov district of the Volgograd region.

“This is not Volgograd, this is some kind of Chicago”

On December 31, 2015, the outstanding architect Efim Levitan, who determined the appearance of post-war Stalingrad, would have turned 100 years old.
Efim Iosifovich could have become a tanner like his father, an accountant like his older brother, a photographer... But he became an architect, which was an honor at that time. His teachers were Panteleimon Golosov, the older brother of Ilya Golosov, one of the most famous constructivists of the 20s, and Leonid Pasternak, the brother of the poet Boris Pasternak.
Efim Levitan studied in the capital, at the Moscow Architectural Institute. Could have stayed in Moscow, but was sent to Stalinsk (now Novokuznetsk) in 1941.
Levitan was born in Kirovograd, in present-day Ukraine, but the family soon moved to the village of Bogorodskoye, Nizhny Novgorod region, where the architect spent his childhood, adolescence and youth. His labor activity begins at a saddlery factory for the production of parts for cars of the Gorky Automobile Plant.
In 1943, Levitan arrived in Stalingrad. He, together with the builders, had to restore the destroyed city. His first position was as a foreman on the restoration of residential buildings in the “French” villages of the Red October metallurgical plant. He supervised the work of German prisoners of war in the assembly of Finnish panel houses in Vishneva Balka, and in the construction of a school and a maternity hospital in the northern town.
In the spring of 1944, Levitan received two rooms in Little France, and his wife came to him from Stalinsk. In order to somehow improve his life, he made pots and dishes with his own hands from parts of downed German planes. In general, he was an amazing craftsman, and also a passionate person - he was into mountaineering, photography, drew beautifully and was very fond of ice fishing.
Efim Levitan loved Stalingrad with all his heart and felt in his element.
One of Levitan's first serious works was the restoration of the house of the Rysin brothers - now the House of Architects, then, according to his design, the pre-revolutionary Kulibin School, now the Pobeda cinema, was restored. Since 1949, he has designed houses, complexes, and developments. According to his designs, many landmark objects for our city were built - this is the building of the regional party school, for which, together with Simbirtsev, Levitan was awarded the Stalin (State) Prize (now it is the Volgograd State Medical University), as well as the Main Post Office, the city Palace of Pioneers, the restaurant " Lighthouse". Residential buildings on Mira Street, Alley of Heroes, House of Political Education. He planned a public garden on the Square of Fallen Fighters, and the second workshop of the Volgogradgrazhdanproekt under his leadership designed the modern quarters of the Krasnoarmeysky district, within which Old Sarepta was preserved. Efim Iosifovich’s latest facility is a cardiac center in the Kirovsky district of Volgograd.
But in the city of Bogorodsk, where Levitan grew up, they didn’t even know about him. And this city was “gifted” to the famous countryman by his daughter and Sergei Sena (architect-restorer).
Few people have heard of the fact that Levitan, as a set designer, worked at the Stalingrad Drama Theater on the play “In Search of Joy” by V. Rozov. People who knew him say that he was a man of multifaceted talent. But he considered architecture to be the most important thing in his life. Until his very last days, Levitan followed the changing appearance of Volgograd, and he did not like much. Levitan's last trip to the city and acquaintance with new architecture took place in 2006. “We went to the Park House,” recalls Sergei Sena, and took the elevator to the upper level. Then the atrium was completely free, Efim Iosifovich took out a cigarette, preparing to light a cigarette. I warned: “You can’t do it here, the sensors will go off.” Then he leaned on the railing and said: “This is not Volgograd, this is some kind of Chicago!”

Shadchina, V. “This is not Volgograd, this is some kind of Chicago!” / V. Shadchina // Volgogradskaya Pravda. – 2015 – December 30. – P. 23.

Lifelong love

The name of Alexander Ivanovich Potapenko is known to many, including far beyond the borders of our vast country. An outstanding Russian scientist-breeder, biologist, historian, writer, philosopher, author of books from the scientific monograph “Bioregulation of Plants” to the poetic “Old Resident of the Russian Land”, artist, author of amazing landscapes and portraits, honorary Cossack, honorary citizen of the Dubovsky district.
A lot of information about it can be found in scientific journals, collections, and the Internet. A lot, but not all. His wife, friend, comrade-in-arms Lyudmila Pavlovna, told us about the not very well-known pages of Alexander Ivanovich’s biography during the war years.
The Potapenko family was known in the Stavropol Territory as a family of practical winegrowers, test breeders, who had interesting observation results and experience in growing various grape varieties. Sasha’s childhood and youth were spent in work and worries.
And then 1941 broke out, and Sasha, like his father and brother, went to the front. Here is what they write about this in the Cossack magazine “Kazarla”: “Alexander Ivanovich was sent to the front as a rifleman in a motorized rifle battalion, and participated in the battles of the Southern Front. At the end of the war, they entered Romania with the Ukrainian Front. In October 1945 he returned home. Awarded the medal "For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." This is such a dry formulation, but there is a whole life behind it, 5 war years.
Already in the first days of service, young Alexander and his comrades were entrusted with a huge responsibility - clearing the mines of the railway junction, along which people, provisions, and weapons were transported from Siberia to Moscow. After the war, Alexander Ivanovich will bring from the army a huge wooden suitcase, tied with twine, and in it there are about a thousand notes. The Germans put these notes into bombs - who made them and when. After clearing the mines, the notes ended up in Potapenko’s hands. He kept them for a very long time, and only before moving from Novocherkassk did Alexander Ivanovich burn the contents of the suitcase. He remembered one of these notes for the rest of his life.
On a frosty winter day, a train with important cargo was supposed to pass along the railway. And a few hours before his appearance, the Germans dropped a huge bomb weighing 900 kg on the way. It fell straight into the middle of the railroad tracks and did not explode.
The approaching train stopped. The bomb went deep underground. They called the entire air defense unit, but no one wanted to risk their lives, and only the young, single Potapenko, and even the commander, decided to take a desperate step. They began to dig up the bomb... and only discovered it at 13 meters. They made a narrow hole, Potapenko undressed and climbed down the rope. It was dark, damp, cold... You couldn’t turn around, you couldn’t breathe. Alexander Potapenko spent 9 hours in the “dungeon”, when he disassembled the bomb and got close to the fuse itself, he stopped: his whole life flashed before his eyes...
He had never prayed, but at that moment he remembered the prayer, whispering it with dry lips. He was cold, his legs and arms were numb, and he began to feel chills. He gathered his last strength. He took out the fuse and...fainted. When I woke up, I looked at the fuse - it was damaged. There was also a note from the anti-fascist association “Rotfront”, explaining that the bomb had been deliberately damaged at the factory and would never explode.
With the last of his strength, Potapenko began to scream, but all that came out was a weak squeak, which, fortunately, was heard.
While in Romania and having received his leave, he went through the forest to a nearby castle, to the mistress, who had an excellent vineyard. Alexey also took notes during his service: he described the climate, compared it with Russia, and learned about new grape varieties.
The love for viticulture, for learning new things, for scientific research overcame all the hardships and adversities, all the hardships and trials on A.I.’s life path. Potapenko and determined his future fate.
After all, only from great love could such lines be born:
Girl's hands, starry eyes,
Like a fairy tale, from row to row,
Even confusing winters with springs,
I keep planting my own grapes.

Stavitskaya, I. Lifelong love / I. Stavitskaya // Facets of culture. – 2015. – No. 23-24. – P. 23.

To the centenary of the architect

An exhibition dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of the Honored Architect of the RSFSR Efim Levitan has opened at the Museum of Local Lore. In Volgograd, many of his creations have long become the hallmarks of the city: the Main Potamt, the Medical University, the Mayak restaurant, the Pobeda cinema and other buildings. The exhibition includes unique photographs, documents and personal belongings of the architect.

Master's time.

In Volzhsky, the workshop of the legendary sculptor was turned into an interactive educational platform.
The name of the People's Artist of the RSFSR, honorary citizen of Volzhsky, sculptor-monumentalist Pyotr Malkov is associated with not just one era, but a whole series of “diverse” eras. His work covers the period from recent years to the beginning of a new century in a new country, and the artist depicted each decade in his own way.
To imagine the master’s work, it is enough to name his most famous works. Residents of Volgograd and Volga residents see these monuments in front of them every day: the memorial wall at Pavlov’s House, the monument to the North Sea sailors, the panel on the overpass of the Volzhskaya Hydroelectric Power Station. Monuments in Volzhsky - A. S. Pushkin, G. K. Zhukov, soldiers of the Civil and Patriotic Wars, Dmitry Karbyshev, a monument to internationalist soldiers...
The master passed away a year and a half ago at the age of 90. Since then, in the sculptor’s workshop, which has remained unchanged, there are unfinished works, sketches, models, sketches of monuments, archives, a rich music library, a darkroom, and sculptor’s tools, carefully preserved by his heirs.
On October 23, Pyotr Malkov’s next birthday, an exhibition dedicated to his work will open in the Volzhsky Art Gallery. But the main thing is that exactly one year later, in October 2016, the most unusual museum in our region will open its doors in the sculptor’s workshop.
The museum will be created as part of the “Master and Workshop” project, which won the 12th grant competition for museum projects “A Changing Museum in a Changing World” of the V. Potanin Charitable Foundation.

Novitsky, S. Time of the master / S. Novitsky // AIF NP. – 2015. – No. 43. – P. 6.

"Let's live by the sundial..."

To the 70th anniversary of the birth of our fellow countryman Vladimir Miguli.
The songs of Vladimir Miguli are known and loved by millions of people. He was born in Stalingrad in 1945, grew up on one of the quiet streets of Volgograd in a small house surrounded by greenery and flowers. Few could imagine that in the future this boy would grow into a wonderful composer.
Vladimir Migulya studied at the Volgograd Medical Institute and successfully completed his studies. Then he went to Leningrad to enter the conservatory and became a student in the composition department. Thanks to his amazing musical gift, he created songs that more than one generation grew up with and which continue to be heard to this day. At the very peak of creativity, his life is cut short. But what remained was what he managed to create.
Vladimir Migulya lived a little over 50 years, and his fate is inextricably linked with our city. Memories will still be written about him, his creative biography will be studied. Vladimir Miguly’s materials are stored in the regional museum of local lore, on their basis a new exhibition tells about the life and work of the countryman composer - this is an old piano “Belarus”, his personal belongings: concert costumes, sheet music, posters, books, records, including one of the first disk giants “Vladimir Migulya and the group “Zemlyane” with the autograph of the composer and singer.
After graduating from the conservatory, Migulya successfully worked in the chamber and symphonic genres. He is accepted into the Union of Composers of the USSR. In Leningrad, Vladimir first tried his hand at the professional stage. It was then that he first appeared on television.
Vladimir Migulya entered the stage immediately and firmly took his place in it. The song “Talk to me, mom” (words by Viktor Gin) performed by V. Tolkunova became a laureate of the “Song-74” competition. The song “Don’t cool your heart, son” (lyrics by V. Lazarev) performed by Yuri Bogatikov won the “Song-76” competition, and “Sundial” (lyrics by Ilya Reznik), performed by Jaak Joala - won the “Song-76” competition. 78". 1977 was the most successful year for Migulya. In the “Song-77” competition, two of his songs were awarded at once: “I love this world” (lyrics by L. Derbenev) and “Song of a Soldier” (lyrics by M. Agashina)
And there was also the Intervision competition “Sopot-77”, where the composer and singer Vladimir Migulya received the Polish Radio and Television Award for the songs “Victory Lives” and “Ave Maria” - the “Amber Nightingale” prize and the title of laureate.
Miguli's songwriting is widely recognized. Every year several of his works become popular. They are performed by famous singers: Joseph Kobzon, Valentina Tolkunova, Edita Piekha, Jaak Joala, Valery Obodzinsky, Sergei Zakharov, Lev Leshchenko. Miguli's songs are also sung by foreign ensembles and artists. “Migula is also helped by the fact that he sings himself... Migula is a talented musician who is looking for new forms. Migula the composer is greatly helped by Migula the singer,” said Joseph Kobzon about his work.
Variety is a momentary art. What is good today may be outdated tomorrow. But in their short moments on the stage, true musicians leave an indelible mark on the souls of thousands of people. Variety is an art that brings its practitioners not only joy and success. Migulya took full measure of the grief that befalls composers working in the mass genre. He didn't adjust. Fashionable ensemble hits, the words in which are unintelligible, the rhythms of which are similar, did not fit into his musical system. Vladimir could not give up his conviction that the song should carry a deep meaning, that the words in it sound no less than the music, even moreover, they are the fundamental principle. Now we can say that Migulya was right in his choice.
“Let's live according to the sundial, without sparing an open heart,” - Vladimir himself sang in the 1970s, they determined all of his work. He truly was a sunny person, he knew how to give people the warmth of his soul through the music he wrote.
That's how he was known. This is how he will be remembered. And the best memory of him is all his songs that are still heard today.

Erokhina, N. “Let’s live by the sundial...” / N. Erokhina // Facets of culture. – 2015. – No. 14 (June). – P. 7.

Dear ordinary courage.

Not a single visitor to the Museum of the History of Healthcare can pass by an amazing exhibit - a surgical scalpel more than a meter long. This gift, as a symbol of surgical power, was once presented by employees of the medical unit of the Petrov plant to oncologist surgeon Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Shcheglov...
Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Shcheglov was born in 1914 in the city of Tbilisi in the family of a mining engineer. After graduating from school with honors, Shcheglov entered the shipbuilding institute in Leningrad, but his knowledge of higher mathematics was insufficient, and he went to Stalingrad in 1935, where he was enrolled in the newly opened Stalingrad Medical Institute.
In 1940, after graduating from medical school with honors, Shcheglov was drafted into the Red Army through a special recruitment and became a regimental doctor.
Vyacheslav Vladimirovich met the Great Patriotic War in Brest, and ended it on the Oder: he participated in the defense of the legendary fortress, was an underground worker, a concentration camp prisoner, and a field hospital surgeon.
Shcheglov's post-war path is no less bright.
So, with the direct participation of V.V. Shcheglova - candidate of medical sciences, excellent student of health care, labor veteran, honored doctor of the RSFSR, the formation of oncological services in our region took place, and forms of conducting medical examinations were developed. For organizing two-stage medical examinations, Shcheglov, together with a group of participants in this unique experiment at that time, was awarded the Prize of the Minister of Health of the USSR, and later also the Gold Medal of VDNKh.
An educated doctor, a talented surgeon, he devoted a lot of strength, energy and attention to treating patients. Many Volgograd residents - and not only them - owe their health and life to this magnificent doctor, whose life credo was the following statement: “No previous successes and awards relieve one from responsibility for today’s affairs.”
And in the museum of the regional oncology clinic, along with many other exhibits, a bas-relief of V.V. is presented. Shcheglov and a cast of his hands - the wonderful hands of an outstanding surgeon.

The road of ordinary courage // Health and ecology. – 2015. – No. 7. – P. 2-3.

Vladimir Migulya was brought to the art school by his best friend.

Few people know that Vladimir Miguli had two birthdays - August 11, when he was actually born, and August 18, the date that was recorded in his documents. He always celebrated both of these dates: only one with acquaintances and friends, and the other with his family.
Vladimir Migulya had a bosom friend, Vladimir Yudin, a talented singer, who instilled in Migulya a love of music and then pushed him to pursue it professionally.
The destinies of the two Vladimirs were closely intertwined for many years, and even friends passed away almost simultaneously.
And it all started like this... Two Vladimirs lived not far from each other, were friends since childhood, both grew up without fathers, childhood was difficult. The boys played football and studied music, for which their friends showed their talents early.
They truly became friends later - within the walls of the Volgograd Medical Institute, where Migulya entered immediately after graduating from school, and Yudin, after serving in the army and studying for several years at the art school in the vocal department.
Yudin brought his friend to the Volgograd School of Arts. At first, the teachers did not discern musical and vocal talent in Migul. And only one teacher, Sergei Alekseevich Pishchalnikov, saw something rare and special in him.
After graduating from the Volgograd School of Arts, Migulya entered the conservatory without any problems, after completing his studies where his creative career began. He writes a lot of songs, works with many famous singers and musical groups. However, the song “Talk to me, Mom,” performed by Valentina Tolkunova, brought real fame to the young composer.
Further success awaited the composer and singer Vladimir Migulya, foreign tours, trips around the country, performances in the most prestigious concert halls. Music critics write about him, songs are played on radio and television.
However, problems with the vocal cords made themselves felt more and more often - this disease was discovered by doctors at the beginning of his musical career. Problems rained down on the composer one after another: the funds he invested in the music production center disappeared, unknown ill-wishers tried to blow up the car in which the composer was traveling, as a result of which his driver died, and he himself miraculously survived, receiving serious injuries.
At the age of fifty, Migulya was struck by a rare and incurable disease. Neither his fellow doctors who came from America to treat him, nor expensive medicines, nor healers and healers from all over Russia saved him. Until the last minute of his life, the composer continued to work and compose his bright and joyful songs.
Vladimir Migulya passed away on February 16, 1996. He died at the age of 51.

Grechukhin, Y. Vladimir Migulya was brought to the art school by his best friend / Y. Grechukhin // Volgogradskaya Pravda. – 2015. – August 17.

"I'm tired of war"

To the 90th anniversary of the birth of the Volgograd writer Pyotr Seleznev.
Pyotr Ivanovich Seleznev was born in the old merchant settlement of Dubovka in 1925. As a newborn, he was taken to the village of Novonikolskoye, Bykovsky district. That is why residents of both the city of Dubovka and the village of Novonikolskoye consider him to be their native. The writer remembered the village of Novonikolskoye for one of his birthdays, when his mother gave him the first nickel, with which he bought an eraser. “I will draw and write. And if it turns out wrong, bad, I’ll erase it,” wrote P.I. Seleznev in his autobiographical story “Belated Revelations.” In early childhood, Peter moved with his parents to Stalingrad. “We lived meagerly, surviving on fasting. Meat was rare, we bought it in 300 grams. Then, I remember, they said - “for the spirit.”
In Stalingrad they sold herring, poppy seeds, and frozen cranberries, but there was no bread. Torgsins appeared - everything was there: chocolate, butter, and the best types of flour... But you could buy it for silver and gold...” - this is how Pyotr Seleznev recalled about our city in the early 1930s. During these years, Pyotr Ivanovich became addicted to reading and reveled in adventure literature. In his studies, literature was easy, but mathematics and physics were difficult, and he was also fond of drawing, attended the school art studio, and tried painting in oils. The writer's works were exhibited, he was selected for the Stalingrad Art School, but on the advice of his father he entered a paramedic school. Peter received a certificate of completion a month before the Germans approached Stalingrad. Then it turned out that this medical specialty did not allow him to die during the hard times of war. During the street battles for Stalingrad, Pyotr Ivanovich picked up a well-bound office book in which he wrote down what he saw, but he was unable to save it.
Pyotr Ivanovich went through the camps, but returned from the war alive... “I came to literature from the war. If my youth had been easy, you see, I wouldn’t have started writing.”
After the war, Pyotr Seleznev lived for some time in Stalingrad, and by winter he moved to the Khlebny farm. “We lived in an adobe kitchen and slept on an earthen floor. For two years the farm was hungry and hard.” He wrote his first books in the city of Dubovka, where he lived from 1948 to 1968. There P.I. Seleznev worked at the sanitary and epidemiological station as an assistant to an epidemiologist. During this period, he wrote a lot to the regional newspaper. To be published by P.I. Seleznev began in 1951 in the Literary Almanac, and in 1955 his first story, “The Beginning of the Path,” appeared, which was published as a separate book in 1957.
In 1968, Pyotr Ivanovich moved to Volgograd. During these years, his most famous works “The Collapse” (1969), “Southern Cross” (1974), “Ice” (1983), “Pain” (1993) and others were published. The goal of a writer’s life is to create a book that will live on after him, in our opinion, has been achieved, he is known and read by present generations.

Petrova, I. “I’m tired of the war” / I. Petrova // Facets of culture. – 2015. – No. 14 (July). – P. 3.

Boris Rubashkin: “A person’s happiness lies in his personal freedom.”

The fate of this man, a world-famous singer, a talented dancer and our fellow countryman Boris Rubashkin, is truly amazing. You can use it to study the history of our country.
His father, hereditary ataman Semyon Chernorubashkin, fled from Russia as a seventeen-year-old youth when his older brother was killed by the Bolsheviks. He lived in Turkey for several years, then moved to Sofia, where he began working as a paramedic at the Russian Hospital.
There he met a young Bulgarian, Teodora Lilova, and immediately fell in love. This is how Boris and Konstantin were born. Since childhood, Boris showed singing talent; he knew many Russian songs, but he dreamed of becoming a ballet dancer. In Bulgaria he received a choreographic education and became a soloist in a large folk ensemble.
As a young man, Boris went to study at the Prague Institute of Economics. Having no money, he earned money by dancing on the stages of many theaters in Czechoslovakia. In 1962, Rubashkin and his wife emigrated to Austria. Here again we had to start everything from scratch. One day, friends brought Rubashkin to the Russian restaurant “Firebird”, where he sang several Russian songs. The owner of the restaurant was delighted with his voice, and he offered Boris a two-year contract. This is how Rubashkin’s singing career began. In the same restaurant, fate brought him together with Maria Brand, a professor at the Vienna Conservatory, from whom Boris began taking opera singing lessons. And two years later Rubashkin became the first baritone of the Salzburg Opera.
Another achievement of B. Rubashkin can rightfully be considered his dance “Cossack”, which brought him world fame.
Then Boris Rubashkin's touring activities began: as an opera singer, he performed in theaters in Europe, the USA and Australia, while simultaneously giving concerts of Russian songs around the world. In 1989, Rubashkin came to his historical homeland for the first time. Then he was already a renowned maestro with a worldwide reputation. His tour was a huge success! And in 1993, Boris Semenovich visited his small homeland - the Zapolyanka farm, Danilovsky district, Volgograd region, where he met with his relatives.
Throughout his life, B. Rubashkin cherished the memory of his ancestors with great love, collected and popularized Russian songs throughout the world. Two years ago, he donated part of his stage costumes and gramophone records with dedicatory inscriptions to Volgograd. On his visit today, Boris Semenovich gave a charity concert for veterans, dedicating it to the 70th anniversary of the great Victory.

Kamysh residents celebrated the 99th birthday of the legendary pilot Alexei Maresyev.

Every year, on the hero’s birthday, on the square that bears his name, thousands of citizens gather at the monument to honor the memory of their fellow countryman. Young Kamyshans who have particularly distinguished themselves in studies, sports and public affairs are awarded passports of Russian citizens here.
A new tradition was also born: on Maresyev’s birthday, here in Kamyshin, starting this year, awards with the Badge “For the Will to Life” are held.

Proskuryakova, T. Kamyshane celebrated the 99th anniversary of the legendary pilot Alexei Maresyev / T. Proskuryakova // Volgogradskaya Pravda. – 2015. – May 22. – P. 2.

Man is famous for his good deeds.

In November 1980, Sergei Rogachev came to work at the Sebryakovsky cement plant. The young man, who had recently served in the ranks of the Soviet Army and had little work experience, was hired as an electrician in the department of automated control systems and instrumentation for the repair and maintenance of computers. This was the first page of his work biography at the city-forming enterprise of Mikhailovka.
At the beginning of 2002, S.P. Rogachev was appointed general director of Sebryakovcement OJSC. The fate of Sergei Petrovich is an example of what a person can achieve thanks to his perseverance, work, knowledge and talent. He thoroughly knows the production, where over 35 years of work he has worked his way up from an electrician to a general director and has proven himself to be an excellent specialist in all areas of work. Sergei Petrovich took the high post of director of the country's largest cement plant solely thanks to his professionalism, responsible attitude to his work, perseverance and perseverance in achieving his goal. His work has been awarded several high awards; he is an Honored Builder of Russia, awarded the Order of Honor, the diploma “Best Manager of Russia”, and the honorary badge “Golden Steering Wheel” for the effective management of the enterprise’s economy. By the decision of the Mikhailovsky City Duma, Rogachev was awarded the title “Honorary Citizen of Mikhailovka.”
But in addition to professionalism, as colleagues say, he has not lost his best human qualities over the years of work.
On April 12, Sergei Petrovich Rogachev celebrated his anniversary. A significant event is an occasion to look back and think about the future. Meanwhile, negotiations between Sebryakovcement specialists and the well-known international company FLSmidth ended two weeks ago. The forward movement continues.

Usacheva, G. Man is famous for his good deeds / G. Usacheva // Volgogradskaya Pravda. – 2015. – April 11. – P. 5.

The man who led the defense of Stalingrad turned 110 years old.

The former head of our region, Alexey Chuyanov, whose 110th birthday was celebrated on March 30, was not a military man.
His name, along with the names of Andrei Eremenko, Vasily Chuikov, Alexander Vasilevsky, Konstantin Rokossovsky, is forever inscribed in the history of the great battle for Stalingrad, since it was Chuyanov who headed the city defense committee at that hot time.
A. Chuyanov was born in the city of Temryuk, in a large family, where he was the 13th child.
In 1934, having successfully graduated from the Moscow Chemical-Technological Institute of the Meat Industry, Alexey continued his studies in graduate school. In 1937, as a promising worker, Chuyanov was called to work in the apparatus of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, and a year later he was sent to Stalingrad. At the age of 33, he became the 1st secretary of the city and regional party committees.
4 months after the start of the war, in the fall of 1941, Alexey Chuyanov was elected chairman of the newly created city defense committee (GKO) of Stalingrad. Immediately, Alexey Semenovich began organizing the construction of defensive structures on the approaches to the city. Thanks to this, by the beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad, 2,752 km had been built in the region. defensive lines that played an important role in protecting it from the enemy.
These days, the chairman of the city defense committee fell on the shoulders of all concerns about the life of the region and Stalingrad in front-line conditions, including the production and repair of T-34 tanks, artillery pieces, the organization of the people's militia, and workers' self-defense units.
In July 1941, the executive committee of the regional council decided to build an underground command post in the center of Stalingrad. This secret object received the code name “98-bis metrostroy” in the document.
Chuyanov met the monstrous bombing of Stalingrad on August 23, 1942 at that very command post of the city defense committee.
At midnight on August 24, a meeting of the State Defense Committee was held, at which the question of whether to blow up the Stalingrad Tractor Plant was decided. It was decided to preserve this enterprise.
After the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, on February 3, 1943, Chuyanova traveled around the entire city from Beketovka to the Tractor Plant and realized that almost nothing was left of Stalingrad. The city had to be raised from the ruins. Soon, under the leadership of Chuyanov, a powerful Cherkasov movement developed in Stalingrad.
After the end of the Great Patriotic War, in 1946, Chuyanov was again recalled to Moscow, where he worked in a number of important government and economic posts. In 1970, by decision of the Volgograd City Council, Alexey Chuyanov was awarded the title “Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Volgograd.” For his many years and dedicated work, Alexey Semenovich was awarded the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner of Labor, and the October Revolution.
Chuyanov died in 1974 and, as per his will, was buried on Mamayev Kurgan.

Litvinov, A. The man who led the defense of Stalingrad turned 110 / A. Litvinov // Volgogradskaya Pravda. – 2015. – March 28. – P. 1, 7.

Vladimir Turov, even at 95 years old, does not give himself the right to a break.

Vladimir Semenovich Turov, a participant in the Battle of Stalingrad, celebrated his 95th birthday.
Vladimir Semenovich entered his first battle with the Nazis on the Western Front. Defended Tula and Moscow, Kaluga and Stalingrad. In 1943, he fought near Orsha, liberated Belarus and Lithuania, and crossed the Neman River. He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, first degree and second degree, the Red Star, medals “For Courage”, “For Military Merit”, “For the Defense of Stalingrad”.
At the end of the war, he commanded a company in the 23rd separate disciplinary battalion, and served as an assistant on duty to the military commandant of the city of Litnitsa.
At 95 years old, the veteran writes books, runs the Stalingrad club, conducts excursions and Victory lessons for schoolchildren. Today the club unites more than 100 people, including not only veterans, but also teachers and schoolchildren.
Since its inception, the club has been working on a program of patriotic education of youth using the example of military history.
V.S. Turov easily finds a common language with young people. The club is located in the basement of Pavlov's house.

Shadchina, V. Vladimir Turov, even at 95 years old, does not give himself the right to a break / V. Shadchina // Volgogradskaya Pravda. – 2015. – March 20. – P. 1, 2.

Life for Volgograd.

Honorary citizen of the city of Volgograd Vladimir Atopov turned 86 years old. Vladimir Ivanovich is a famous person in our city, he is a real legend. By the age of 86, his feeling of concern for the life and future of his native city had not subsided at all.
After graduating from the Stalingrad Mechanical Institute, he built the first lock of the Volga-Don Canal, then for 12 years he headed the Volgograd Institute of Municipal Economy, stood at the head of the entire city as chairman of the executive committee of people's deputies of the regional center.
Vladimir Atopov went down in the history of Volgograd as the mayor who built a high-speed tram known halfway around the world.
Among Atopov’s other brainchildren are the bank protection program, the construction of the 3rd Longitudinal Highway, a system of programmed yields and much more.
Vladimir Ivanovich considers the most striking periods of his life to be those during which he was the initiator, participant or finisher of great deeds. And his whole life consists of such things.

Grineva, E. Life for Volgograd / E. Grineva // City News. – 2015. – March 12. – P. 4.

75 years ago, on March 4, 1940, the Stalingrad poet Nikolai Otrada (Turochkin) died heroically during the Soviet-Finnish war. Over time, the poems he wrote were included in a collection of works by Soviet poets who died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, although Nikolai did not live to see it.
There were four children in the Turochkin family, Nikolai was the youngest and most talented of all the brothers. Already in the 7th grade I started writing poetry. His poetic gift, as his relatives believe, came from his grandmother, who knew how to speak in poetry.
Kolya Turochkin was familiar with the future Stalingrad poet Misha Lukonin. Both were involved in a literary circle, both were madly in love with football, both wrote poetry at night and read them to each other in the morning. Then they began to be published in the regional newspapers “Young Leninist” and “Stalingradskaya Pravda”.
In 1936, Turochkin, together with Lukonin, entered the literary department of the Stalingrad Pedagogical Institute. There Nikolai met his first and only love, Polya Pochevolova.
In the fall of 1939, nineteen-year-old Nikolai Otrada and Mikhail Lukonin decided to continue their studies at the Moscow Literary Institute, but soon the Soviet-Finnish war began, and the guys went to the military registration and enlistment office.
So Stalingrad residents Nikolai Otrada and Mikhail Lukonin became fighters of the 12th ski battalion of Moscow volunteers.
Mikhail Lukonin returned from this war alone. Nikolai died 6 days before its end.
In 1960, Nikolai Otrada was posthumously admitted to the USSR Writers' Union. Eight years later, also posthumously, he was awarded the N. Ostrovsky medal as a laureate of the All-Union literary competition.
At the end of the summer of 1975, the largest street in the new microdistrict of Volgograd, Spartanovka, was named after Nikolai Otrada.

Litvinov, A. He was the first Soviet poet to die at the front / A. Litvinov // Volgogradskaya Pravda. – 2015. – February 27. – P. 1, 6.

Defender of Stalingrad Vladimir Ananyev was presented with an award in the Kremlin.

The second in the country to be awarded the anniversary medal “70 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945” was our fellow countryman, participant in the Battle of Stalingrad, Vladimir Ananyev. The high award was presented to Vladimir Fedorovich Ananyev by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin.
V.F. Ananyev was a sapper in the war and never made a mistake, as we know, sappers make mistakes once in their lives. He laid mines, laid passages in minefields, built bridges and blew up bridges - such was his difficult army work. The sapper battalion, in which Vladimir Ananyev served, made regular raids on the German and Romanian rear areas, placing mines there. The sappers also strengthened the defense of their army, erecting wire barriers of various types to prevent the enemy from breaking through to the Volga.
Vladimir Fedorovich went through a long military path, he took part in the liberation of Rostov, Donbass, Sevastopol, Belarus, Lithuania, and in battles in East Prussia.
He celebrated victory in May 1945 in Moscow, where he was sent from the front to study at a military engineering school.
Then, in May 1945, Vladimir Ananyev was awarded his first officer rank - the rank of junior lieutenant. With this star on his shoulder straps, he continued his service as part of a group of Soviet troops in Germany.
Since 1991, he has been actively involved in the veterans movement in our region.

Litvinov, A. Defender of Stalingrad Vladimir Ananyev was presented with an award in the Kremlin / A. Litvinov // Volgogradskaya Pravda. – 2015. – February 25. – P. 2.

Five orders of Mikhail Tereshchenko

Oleg Milyukov (a young parliamentarian) invited Mikhail Tereshchenko, a participant in the Great Patriotic War, and members of the dance group “Brosko” to the Battle of Stalingrad museum-reserve.
Mikhail Tereshchenko is a unique person. To date, he is the only veteran in the Southern Federal District awarded five Orders of the Red Star.
Our fellow countryman received two of them for distinction on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, and three more for the impeccable performance of military duty and a great contribution to the development of new equipment at the Kapustin Yar training ground. Despite the fact that Colonel Tereshchenko has passed his 90th birthday, he is in service, actively participates in the work of the veterans’ organization, and visits schools.
The front-line soldier told the schoolchildren who came to the museum about his military journey, how he fought on the Oryol-Kursk Bulge, liberated Kyiv and Lvov, fought through Poland, crossed the Vistula and Oder.
After service, he was sent to Kapustin Yar, where he served for 20 years. Tereshchenko worked with famous scientists Korolev, Kurchatov, Khariton, and participated in testing all types of new military equipment. He worked with the first electronic computers, the ancestors of modern computers. Tereshchenko spoke about all this at a meeting with children at the museum.

Borisov, V. Five orders of Mikhail Tereshchenko / V. Borisov // Urban News. – 2015. – January 24. – P. 4.

The Man of the Year came out from behind the screen

Zhukova / A. Bugaev // City news. - 2015. - January 17. - P. 6.
The man of the year came out from behind the screen. The final ceremony of the creative intelligentsia competition “Tsaritsyn Muse” took place in Volgograd.
The title “Person of the Year 2014” and the Audience Award were awarded to the leading actor of the Volgograd Regional Puppet Theater, Honored Artist of Russia Alexander Vershinin.
The puppeteers are always hidden behind a screen, their faces unknown to the public, so for once the laureate was literally and figuratively in the rays of glory.
Among the nominees for “The Tsaritsyn Muse” were the poet, prose writer, author and performer of songs Oleg Bazhanov; leading actor of the Volgograd Youth Theater Vladimir Zakharov; artistic director of the vocal ensemble “Tsarina” Oksana Kalinkina; folk ensemble of the Volgograd Social Pedagogical University “Pokrov” and its artistic director Victoria Putilovskaya; artist, author of the series of paintings “The Image of Tsaritsyn” Mikhail Chalov; sculptor, Honored Artist of Russia Sergei Shcherbakov.

Grechukhina, Yu. The Man of the Year came out from behind the screen / Yu. Grechukhina // Volgogradskaya Pravda. – 2015. – January 17. – P. 2.

For personal merit

Maxim Zagorulko returned from the capital with a high state award. Honorary resident of Volgograd, participant in the Battle of Stalingrad, veteran of the Great Patriotic War, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Maxim Zagorulko was awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky. The award was presented to him in Moscow by Russian President Vladimir Putin.
Maxim Maksimovich Zagorulko - “man of the era”, “man of the legend”. M. M. Zagorulko devoted his entire life to science. The first rector of Volgograd State University - he stood at the foundation of the creation of Volgograd State University and now continues to work within the walls of his beloved institution; Head of the Research Institute for Problems of Economic History of Russia. He wrote the “Encyclopedia of the Battle of Stalingrad”, which was recognized as the absolute winner of the “Best Books of 2013 in Russia” competition. “Not a day without work!” - this is the motto of the scientist.

Komarova, E. For personal merit / E. Komarova // Volgogradskaya Pravda. – 2014 – December 30. – P. 1; The same // Cossack Circle. – 2014. – December 26. – P. 2.

On November 24, our fellow countryman Viktor Semenov would have turned 95 years old!

Only 5 years after the composer’s death a monument appeared on his grave.
Semenov is an honorary citizen of the region, Honored Artist of Russia. It was he who wrote the music that sounded at the Eternal Flame on the Alley of Heroes.
The three-minute piece consists of 3 parts. The 1st part is an image of a mournful procession, the 2nd is the Mother’s lament (performed by a female choir), the 3rd is a major song about Volgograd in an orchestral arrangement.
The speakers were installed in a niche under the slabs, creating a wonderful acoustic effect. It was as if the fire itself gave birth to the music. This melody has been the musical signature of the hero city since the mid-60s. Millions of tourists listened to her. It's quiet here now.
“Unfortunately, they forgot about Semenov,” says Volgograd musicologist V. Madyanov. At house number 7 on the street. them. The 13th Guards Division, where the composer lived, does not even have a memorial plaque (and this man graduated from the Moscow Conservatory together with A. Pakhmutova), although it should be established according to status.

Khairulina, N. Volgograd residents forgot the music at the Eternal Flame and its author / N. Khairulina // Evening Volgograd. – 2014. – November 25. – P. 21

For loyalty to the Fatherland. In Volgograd, the City Duma adopted a decision “On awarding the honorary badge of the hero city of Volgograd “For loyalty to the Fatherland”

It is proposed to honor the director of the State government educational institution “Cossack Cadet Corps named after. Hero of the Secular Union K.I. Nedorubov" Eduard Davydovsky, ataman of the Volgograd regional public organization "Volgograd District of Don Cossacks" Viktor Seleznev, director of the Volgograd municipal cultural institution "Centralized System of City Libraries" Tamara Orekhova and others.
The honorary badge of the hero city of Volgograd “For loyalty to the Fatherland” was established in 2001. It was awarded to citizens of the Russian Federation for their highest and labor valor, special merits in state and public activities and significant contribution to solving the socio-economic and cultural problems of Volgograd.

“From words to action!” - under this name an exhibition dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of M. Zagorulko was held in the State Archives of the Volgograd Region

The State Archive of the Volgograd Region hosted an exhibition dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of M. Zagorulko - a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, Doctor of Economic Sciences, professor, academician, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Honorary Worker of Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Volgograd, Honorary Doctor of Volgograd State University and Volgograd State Pedagogical University, honorary member of the academic council of the pedagogical faculty (institute), legendary scientist.
M. M. Zagorulko is a man of unusual destiny. He was born in the village of Staronizhesteblievskaya, Krasnodar Territory, into a peasant family. In the summer of 1942, he was drafted into the Red Army and defended his homeland from the fascist invaders.
For participation in the Great Patriotic War, Maxim Matveevich was awarded the Order of the Red Star, medals “For Courage”, “For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945”, “For the Liberation of Prague”, “For Victory over Japan”.
In 1947, M. Zagorulko entered the Stavropol Pedagogical Institute, and in 1950 received a diploma as a history teacher.
Since 1971, he was appointed to the position of rector of the Volgograd Pedagogical Institute. A. S. Serafimovich, since 1980 - Volgograd State University.
M. Zagorulko also writes books about the Great Patriotic War and the history of Tsaritsyn.

Kotova, I. “From words to action!” / I. Kotova // Facets of culture. – 2014. – No. 20 (October) – P. 4

For services to the Motherland

Maxim Matveevich Zagorulko was awarded one of the most honorable awards in Russia - the Order of Alexander Nevsky. M. M. Zagorulko - scientist-economist, Doctor of Economic Sciences, professor, full member of several branch academies, participant in the Battle of Stalingrad, Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Volgograd, public figure.
M. Zagorulko was awarded the order for merits in scientific and pedagogical activities, for training qualified specialists and for many years of conscientious work. M. Zagorulko celebrated his 90th birthday on August 23, 2014.
Interestingly, this is the only award that existed in the award systems of both the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and modern Russia.

Mikhailova, V. For services to the Motherland / V. Mikhailova // Volgogradskaya Pravda. – 2014. – November 6. – P. 1

There is a cliff on the Volga

Valentin Vasilyevich Lednev (1924-2009), poet, prose writer, mentor of young authors, public figure and long-term head of the Volgograd branch of the Russian Writers' Union, military pilot of the Great Patriotic War, would have turned 90 years old.

Mavrodiev, V. There is a cliff on the Volga // Fatherland. – 2014. – No. 3. – P. 176-180

Singer of the native land

The poet Nikolai Gennadievich Lunev pays great attention to the theme of war in his work. Memories are dear to him, which not only deeply wound his heart, but also force him to persevere through life’s trials. Here are a few lines from his poem:
Cossack land, dear to the heart...
I stand, holding my breath,
At the obelisk above the grave
Soldiers who died for me...
N. Lunev is a poet from the earth. His new collection “Commandment of Love”, in which the poet passes on to descendants “Living memory, so that the connection between generations is not broken.” Cossack Nikolai Lunev became president of the literary poetry club “Calling” of the Surovikinsky district. The poet is our fellow countryman, a native of the Surovikinsky district, the owner of honorary regalia and awards.