What is the best investment. How to invest a small amount of money and invest in profitable instruments. Video. Investing in gold

So where is it profitable to invest your money so that they work? In this article, we will look at 5 popular ways to invest funds that have stood the test of time.

Hello, friends! Alexander Berezhnov is with you, entrepreneur and one of the founders of the HiterBober.ru website.

In writing this article, I relied on my experience, the experience of my friends, and also studied a huge amount of materials and talked with large millionaire investors in order to give the most competent and detailed answer.

With this post, I begin a series of articles on the topic “Where to invest money”.

Here we will consider both popular ways of investing money and “exotic” ones. I will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, and at the very end I will summarize our review.

At the end of the article, I will tell you where you should NOT invest money so as not to burn out. So let's go!

1. Principles of competent investment or what experienced investors look for

Here we will look at the principles that should be followed in order to receive a percentage of your investments higher than the bank's with almost the same reliability.

Why do I say that almost the same? Remember the golden rule of investing?

Profit is always proportional to the risks that the investor takes on!

It may seem banal for some, but the first thing you should start investing with is to acquire the necessary knowledge. This means that it is best to invest the first money not in stocks, not in gold, not in a bank, but to invest in yourself - they will pay off many times over. This is what the two richest men in the world, Bill Gates and Warren Buffett, recommend doing.

After you have the necessary knowledge and understanding of various financial instruments, their principles of operation, expected profits and risks, you can move on to practice.

Principles of competent investment of the world's leading investors

Principle 1. Create a financial cushion

This means that without a certain financial base, it is STRICTLY FORBIDDEN to invest. The only exception is a bank deposit, as it is rather not an investment, but a savings instrument.

What is a financial cushion and how to create it?

financial cushion- this is a six-month supply of money that you and your family can live on while maintaining the usual standard of living, having no other sources of income.

You can create such a pillow by regularly postponing financial receipts (salary) or by selling existing property.

For example, if your family is used to living on 50,000 rubles a month, then you must have at least 300,000 rubles to start investing.

The exception when you can start investing money at interest without having a financial cushion is if you have passive income.

Passive income- the flow of money coming to you, which does not depend on your daily efforts, such as renting out real estate, stock dividends or profits from an existing business.

Principle 2. Diversify investments

For your money to work correctly, think about where to invest it in order to comply with the principle of diversification, that is, the division of funds into different investment instruments.

If you have become interested in the topic of investing, then surely this concept is familiar to you. In other words, this means " don't put all your eggs in one basket". If you have a basket of eggs and it falls, then all the eggs in it will break and you will be left with nothing.

This will happen with your savings (savings), if you invest them all in one business (project) or investment instrument.

By the way, diversification involves not only investing in different financial instruments, but also in different sectors of the economy.

For example, if you invest in the stock market, then try to form your investment portfolio * so that your money works in companies of different sectors.

Investment portfolio- the totality of all assets of the investor. For example, if you have a deposit in a bank, stocks, real estate, a business - all these tools for making a profit in terms of investments will be called your investment portfolio.

To make your investment portfolio as resistant to market changes as possible, invest 20% of free funds in the banking sector, 20% in oil and gas, 20% in manufacturing, and 20% in agriculture or food.

So, if one company (sphere) starts to suffer losses, then the rest will “pull” your funds up and will not let the portfolio sink.

Principle 3: Manage risks

Risks- this is the main "problem" that absolutely all investors face.

Remember, before you invest money somewhere, think about how much you can lose and only then - how much can you earn.

Unfortunately, beginners make the same mistake - their eyes light up, dollar signs appear instead of pupils, and now they are already rubbing their hands in anticipation of millions.

How are things in practice?

But in practice - everything is different! Having overestimated their strength and experience, many people immediately try to engage in aggressive investing and lose money, instead of investing in more conservative instruments. So it turns out in the end that the greed of the fraer ruined ...

Investments are the same science as any other professional business, which means that you need to evolve in this direction gradually, going from simple to complex.

Start with 100 or with 1000 dollars, and God forbid you invest large amounts at once, especially in what you do not understand!

The height of illiteracy here is to borrow money at interest and try to quickly "crank" them in some "super profitable" way.

In 99% out of 100, this ends with the loss of the entire amount and the credit burden that hangs over you like a sword of Damocles.

Do not rush, because if you become an investment specialist, then your future millions will not run away from you anywhere. On the contrary, if you rush and try to get rich instantly, then there is a great chance that you will never earn big money.

Principle 4. Attract co-investors

As you gain experience as an investor, you can invest together to form investment pools. So you can get more opportunities - where to invest money so that they work with maximum return.

For example, you have found a project or tool that you think is attractive for investment, you have free funds, but they are not enough. Then find those who are ready to support your investment idea and invest money on a parity basis with you.

In recent years, a fairly common topic has become pamm accounts. In this case, investors transfer to trust management* your funds to a professional financial asset manager.

Trust asset management- a type of financial and business relationship where one person or company transfers its money (property) to another person - a trustee.

At the same time, the manager cannot dispose of these funds or property on the basis of ownership, but only has the right to use it to extract profit, a percentage of which he receives as a reward for successful management.

So several investors can create such pamm account pooled together and transfer this amount to trust management, while all risks of losses are assumed by investors in proportion to the invested funds.

With the manager of such an account (trader), investors can agree that he should stop working on the account when he receives losses in a certain percentage of the account value.

If we summarize this investment scheme, we see that investors are ready to donate, for example, 15% of their money to potentially receive 30% income.

Principle 5. Create passive income

Increasing your capital is very good, but equally important is the creation of passive income from your investment activities.

Why is it so important?

If you understand the course of my thoughts, then you are guaranteed to take a fresh look at investing your funds.

illustrative example

You invested 100,000 rubles and received 130,000 rubles in a year, that is, you earned 30% on the invested funds.

However, next time you cannot be 100% sure that you will earn another 30% or more in a year. Considering that such profitability is much higher than the banking one, it means that the risks of this method are much greater.

You may even lose most or all of the amount if something goes wrong next time.

On the other hand, if for 100,000 rubles you could create passive income for yourself, for example, the same 2,500 rubles a month, which also amounts to 30,000 rubles a year, then in this case, you can easily borrow the same 100,000 rubles and invest them more conservatively, so your asset with a passive income of 2,500 rubles is a guarantee of the return of a new loan amount of 100,000 rubles.

In order to better understand how to create passive income and then create assets with it, I recommend playing the game " Cash flow» the famous investor, entrepreneur and business coach Robert Kiyosaki.

By the way, here is what Robert Kiyosaki says about the importance of passive income:

2. How much can I start investing

You can start investing with any amount. If you have chosen a bank deposit or shares as an investment instrument, then here you can start with literally 100 rubles.

If you have no money at all, then just start saving at least for 10% from any of your income. So you will form the habit of creating a financial reserve for yourself and as your income grows, your savings will increase proportionally. Money will work for you while you rest.

All famous people who teach success and proper handling of personal finances talk about the need to save money: Bodo Schaeffer, Robert Kiyosaki, Warren Buffett.

The fact is that many people, with an increase in income, begin to spend even more and even take loans, since they do not have enough money all the time. It is called "reached the good life".

Always control your balance between income and expenses, live within your means!

Franchising is one of the most reliable and profitable ways to invest.

Do you want a reliable investment option? Take advantage of the offer of our website partners: become co-owners of a chain of Japanese cuisine restaurants.

The project is handled by Alex Yanovsky, a businessman with 20 years of experience who has launched many successful startups from scratch. At the time of writing, the Sushi Master franchise has 125 restaurants in 80 cities and 8 countries around the world.

My friend Sergey, opened a Sushi Master point in Maikop in the format of an island, having invested 1.5 million rubles, and six months later he already paid off his investment. So the scheme works not only in theory, but also in practice.

In section number 4, I will describe in detail how to competently open a business for this franchise, investing quite a moderate amount in a promising area of ​​\u200b\u200bpublic catering.

Here is what Alex has to say about the benefits of starting a franchise business:

3. Where to invest money to make it work - 5 profitable ways to invest

Now many people's eyes widen from various proposals - where to invest money. If you open the Internet and read articles on this topic, then someone offers to buy such and such a super-course, after which you will become a millionaire in a week.

But in most cases, all these "magic pills" are nothing more than a good way to steal your savings.

Now we will look at the classic ways that allow you to invest in understandable instruments with predictable returns and moderate risks.

Method 1.

This is the most popular way to save money, but its income is barely comparable to the inflation rate in the country. So if you invest money in a bank and keep it there from year to year, then at best you simply won’t lose it, there is no question of more or less tangible earnings.

Now Russia has adopted a law that guarantees payments on deposits in 1,400,000 rubles in case the bank fails. This applies to all banks that have an official license to carry out banking activities.

Previously, the sum insured was 700,000 rubles. That is, if you invested your money in a bank and for some reason it ceased to exist, then the state will compensate you for your money if the deposit amount does not exceed the insurance one.

Now in our country there are hundreds of banks with interest rates from 5% before 12% .

Historically, the most popular bank among our citizens is Sberbank, although here the percentage of deposits is one of the lowest, but a large branch network and high reliability of the bank itself allow it to remain a leader in terms of deposits.

Pros and cons of investing in a bank account

Pros:

• high reliability (low risks);
• high liquidity (the ability to return money at any time);
• the minimum threshold for investment (you can start with 1000 rubles);
• simplicity and clarity of the investment instrument.

Minuses:

• low interest on deposits;
• loss of interest on early withdrawals.

Method 2. Stock market and mutual funds

Part of the financial market where people or companies can purchase stocks, bonds, futures and other securities.

If you have free funds and want to get more income than in a bank, but you take on relatively large risks, then the stock market will be a good tool for you.

To start investing in securities, you just need to contact a bank or a specialized brokerage company that deals with transactions on stock market.

Personally, I recommend two well-known brokerage companies for this: Aton Investment Company and Otkritie Brokerage House. You can safely invest your money in these companies so that they work and not be afraid to lose them.

Many cities have their offices.

By the way, speaking about the stock market, it is worth noting that there are different types of investors according to the duration of investment. There are short-term investors, they are also called speculators. These are people who buy and sell securities within a short period of time: from a few minutes to several weeks.

There are medium-term investors, they buy shares for several weeks or months. There are also long-term investors, they usually act on the “bought and forget” principle - they invest their money in securities for several years, assessing the potential of the company and the industry in which it operates.

The last type of investor is investment guru Warren Buffett. Once he was asked when to sell the purchased shares, and then Buffett replied that never! This is his concept of long-term investment.

You can manage your investments yourself or entrust this business to a professional manager (trader).

There are also special funds where you can invest money - mutual funds.

mutual fund- mutual investment fund. This is a financial institution that independently forms its investment portfolio from various financial instruments (stocks, bonds, bank deposits) and sells shares in this portfolio - shares.

Based on the results of a certain period of management, interest is accrued to you according to the size of your share.

But if you definitely receive more at the end of the year than you invested in the bank, then here your profitability may be negative, that is, the fund may work at a loss.

Pros and cons of investing in the stock market and mutual funds

Pros:

• a small initial amount for investment (from 1000 rubles or even less);
• interest at the end of the reporting period is usually higher than in a bank;
• a large selection of investment instruments (stocks, bonds, futures, options);
• opportunity to receive dividends;
• the opportunity to independently compile an investment portfolio, choosing a flexible ratio of risks and expected returns.

Minuses:

• relatively greater complexity of the investment process compared to a bank deposit;
• relatively large risks (you can get a loss);
• in certain cases, special knowledge is required (with independent investment portfolio management).

Method 3. Forex (currency market)

Global world currency exchange market. Here you can exchange (convert) almost all known currencies, that is, buy one monetary unit for another, for example, dollars for euros.

Speculator traders make money on Forex, most of them make intraday trading operations.

After all, we want to know all the ways where to invest money so that they work and Forex will help us with this. After all, here you can quickly increase capital several times in a couple of months. In a popular article on our website, I have already talked about my experience of trading on the stock exchange and about how.

Indeed, in Forex you can earn a lot. However, this comes with huge risks and you can lose your investment capital in minutes.

Now a large number of companies offer Forex trading services. Such companies are called Forex brokers.

Be careful when choosing a forex broker. Since now there are many companies that do not bring your trades to the real currency market and you just play on your computer in the trading program like in a casino (of course, losing your money).

Before you start doing this way of investing, read customer reviews, go to the company's office, make sure it is trustworthy and serious.

Pros and cons of investing in Forex

Pros:

• a small entry threshold (usually from $100);
• the ability to quickly and earn a lot;
• a large selection of investment instruments (currency pairs for trading).

Minuses:

• special technical skills and knowledge are required for investment;
• very high risks.

Method 4. Bitcoin (Cryptocurrencies)

Here you can make very good money, but also lose if you do not follow the market. The most famous cryptocurrency is Bitcoin. Its main advantages: decentralization, anonymity, security, limitedness. This means that Bitcoin is not controlled by any state, and due to the limited issue and the growing demand for cryptocurrency, its price will only grow in the future. You can buy Bitcoin at a favorable rate in - this service is not only an exchanger, but also a crypto-wallet where you can safely store cryptocurrency.

Method 5. Real estate

One of the classic investment tools, when a person with money wonders where to invest his money.

You can buy both residential and commercial invisibility. Naturally, commercial real estate provides more income than residential, however, and requires more knowledge for its competent purchase.

In addition to buildings, real estate also includes land, water bodies, ships, aircraft and spacecraft in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Real estate has a number of great advantages, but this way of investing is also not without its drawbacks.

Pros and cons of investing in real estate

Pros:

• the opportunity to rent out real estate and receive passive income;
• the opportunity to sell real estate and earn on the difference between the purchase and sale prices;
• a reliable way to save money (real estate in most cases protects money from inflation - depreciation);
• due to the fact that real estate is a tangible (tangible) asset, it can be used for your own commercial or non-commercial needs, for example, you can open a business in the premises, you can live in residential real estate.

Minuses:

• high entry threshold (usually from several hundred thousand);
• low liquidity (cannot be quickly sold without a significant loss of market value);
• subject to mechanical damage - damage by tenants, natural disasters, force majeure - gas explosion, fire, and so on (insure your property to avoid losing money if it is damaged or lost).

Method 6. Own business

If you have an entrepreneurial spirit and some commercial experience, then one of the best decisions for you is to invest in your own business.

Simple example:

Resale of Chinese goods with a large margin (300-800%).

You can buy goods in bulk in China or from a wholesale supplier in a major city and start selling them online. Often such a scheme is also called "Business with China" - a very profitable and promising direction in Runet.

The team of our site is personally acquainted with a successful entrepreneur in this field, Evgeny Guryev. Zhenya not only has been running her business for a long time and effectively, but also teaches others about it.

If you want to launch your own startup in the near future and start earning 100-200 or even 500 thousand rubles in a few months - contact Evgeny and he will guide you by the hand on all issues of creating a successful business selling Chinese goods.

Be sure to check out the testimonial of the wife's students to be inspired by their success stories:

Yes, there are also certain risks here, but you can flexibly manage them, because in this case you yourself decide where to direct this or that money in order to get the maximum return from them.

It is especially effective to invest in your own business if it is already running, and your new investments will help the business bring even more profit.

Pros and cons of investing in your business

Pros:

• you manage your money yourself by building and optimizing business processes (being the owner of the business);
• for business projects, it is quite easy to find co-investors, which helps to attract larger amounts than if investments were made alone;
• it is easier to get a loan for a business than for other investment instruments.

Minuses:

• high risk of losing money;
• low liquidity of most assets (you cannot quickly sell equipment, goods, and the like without a significant loss in value);
• loss of a share in a business project (in case of attracting co-investors).

4. Sushi Master franchise business - investing money profitably

Owning a business from scratch is a rather risky undertaking. This requires a solid start-up capital, an original idea and a well-thought-out business technology. But there is an alternative option - to use a ready-made commercial model with a known payback period and guaranteed profitability.

The network of Japanese restaurants has its representative offices in Russia, China, Ukraine, Lithuania, Hungary, Kazakhstan and other countries. The main share of business falls on the Russian market.

Franchising is one of the leading activities of the Sushi Master company. The promoted product of the company is a predictable business with a proven and effective structure.

The owners pass the finished model to their partners, the latter only have to comply with the established standards in cooking and marketing, as well as maintain an appropriate level of service.

Franchise payback period: 5-18 months depending on the region of location, chosen format and other objective factors.

The algorithm for opening a Sushi Master franchise branch is as follows:

1. Apply on the official website of the company.
2. You pay a lump-sum fee - at the time of this writing, this amount is 400,000 rubles.
3. Take a course at the training center in Krasnodar.
4. You get the right to open a point under the SUSHI MASTER brand, an official contract, production technologies, original recipes.
5. Together with the franchise owners, you choose a place for a restaurant, calculate the payback, and get the support of a start-up team.
6. You open a restaurant.
7. Together with the team, bring the project to a stable profit.

You will calculate the total initial investment together with the team on an individual basis. Cost range: from 1.3 to 4.5 million rubles. The term for opening a restaurant is from 3 months.

The advantage of this model is that it is guaranteed to work. All possible problems and obstacles that may arise at the launch stage have a proven elimination algorithm. You do not work alone, but become a participant in a successful business that has already paid off more than 100 times, brought and still brings profit to its owners.

The co-owner of the company, Alex Yanovsky, is the founder of his own School "Business Behind Glass", a successful entrepreneur whom I know personally. In his honesty, as well as in the profitability of the franchise, I have not the slightest doubt.

The risks are minimal, and the support of the training center led by Alex Yanovsky is continuous and constant. At your disposal - the experience of successful businessmen, professional equipment, proven marketing technologies.

The market niche that you will occupy is now on the rise: there is an outflow of visitors from expensive restaurants to cheaper ones. Public catering establishments in the street format or the "island" format are in demand and popular - we offer these options to our partners.

5. Where you should not invest money so as not to burn out

You should not invest in obviously losing enterprises - casinos, illegal and morally unacceptable projects.

These include criminal types of business: trafficking in drugs, weapons, contract goods, organizing brothels, shell companies that launder money, as well as fraudulent schemes in real estate (corruption during construction, eviction of lonely old people and re-registration of housing).

To live in peace, engage in honest and socially acceptable ways of making money, then you will gain not only financial freedom, but also spiritual harmony.

6. Conclusion

In this article, we reviewed the fundamental principles of investing, recommendations from the best investors and experts in the field of business and finance, and also got acquainted with the most popular ways to invest free money.

In the next part of the article “Where to invest money”, I will talk about less common and at first glance not obvious ways to increase your capital.

And if almost everyone knows about bank deposits, the stock market and real estate, for example, few people know how to create a good passive income for themselves by investing in their own Internet projects.

Dear friends, I hope that now you have figured out where to invest money so that it works and brings you profit. After all, it is you who can become rich and earn millions.

I wish you a successful investment!

Where is it more profitable to invest rubles in a crisis so as not to lose your savings - recommendations from experts + TOP-5 most profitable investment areas today

Real estate, business.

Bank deposits (deposits)

This is the easiest, most elementary and reliable way to invest. You give yours to the bank under certain percentage. Bankers "scroll" this money by investing in other financial instruments. For which you receive a predetermined percentage of profit.

For example, you invested money in a bank for a year at 10% per annum. Bankers immediately give this money to another client in the form of a loan, but already at 20% per annum. As a result, the bank in a year returns your funds to you with accrued interest, and pockets the remaining difference.

The advantage of investing in a bank is that you know exactly how much money you can receive after a certain period of time, while other financial instruments cannot boast of this. You can calculate the profitability of a particular deposit on a deposit calculator, and if you need to calculate the amount of overpayment on a particular loan, then use a loan calculator.

On the topic of bank deposits, read:

Mutual investment funds (mutual investment funds)

This is the second most popular way to invest. In short, mutual funds are a collective financial instrument, when investors' money is invested in one big pot and then professional managers multiply this one big amount of funds by various methods.

Shareholders' funds (as those who have invested their money in mutual funds are called) are usually invested in stocks, bonds, gold, currency, etc. More precisely, they are not just invested, but they are managed. Any fool can just buy shares. The task of professional managers is to find such stocks that have fallen in price at the time of purchase and there is a possibility of their further growth.

In order to determine this probability, technical and fundamental analysis is used, the economic situation is studied both in the world and in a particular region, news is monitored, as well as many other parameters that are too complicated for a simple layman.

This is the essence of mutual funds, to save people ignorant of these issues from all these difficulties. If you have free funds and you do not have the opportunity to trade on the stock exchange from morning to evening, then it is easier to transfer this money to those people who have plunged into the topic of investing with their heads and have a lot of experience behind them. At least at the initial stage.

Further, as your experience in financial matters grows, you can start buying stocks, bonds and other investment instruments on your own. More on this later, but for now let's get back to mutual funds.

Compared to other financial instruments, investing in shares is more profitable in the long run, but at the same time very risky.

Here you need to constantly keep your finger on the pulse, monitor the situation in the markets, so as to prevent the loss of capital in a strong fall in financial markets that occur during all kinds of crises.

To more clearly understand what profit can be made on shares, watch the video “How to earn 678% profit on Sberbank shares”.

Video: How to earn 678% profit on Sberbank shares

Bonds

This financial instrument is designed for people who are not inclined to risk. It is very difficult to get a big profit on it. Typically, the return on bonds is no higher than the return on bank deposits. Therefore, this financial instrument can hardly be called a profitable investment.

However, this does not mean that bonds should not be invested. The fact is that it is not recommended to “keep all your eggs in one basket”. Experienced and successful investors always spread their funds in several different instruments in order to reduce their risks.

Imagine that you have invested all your money in stocks, but after a while there was a crisis in the market and their prices fell. Along with this, the amount of your capital will decrease. To prevent this from happening, you need to invest part of the money in deposits, part of the money in bonds, gold, and so on.

In this case, you will lose on one instrument, but you will win on other instruments. But back to bonds:

A bond is a debt issuance security that confirms the right of its owner to receive a certain amount of money from the issuer.

And in order to understand how to properly distribute funds between various financial instruments in order to reduce risks and increase the profitability of your investments, read these articles:

Forex

Forex (Forex, sometimes FX, from English.FOReign EXchange- foreign currency exchange) is a market of interbank currency exchange at free prices.

The essence of Forex is speculation with the currencies of various countries. For example, you bought 100 euros for 90 dollars. And after some time they sold these 100 euros for 120 dollars. Thus, earning $ 30 on this transaction.

In Forex, trading always takes place in currency pairs, as in the example above. Changes in the value of currencies occur constantly and depend on many factors. For example, in Greece the economy is not developing, the state does not receive profits, but the country needs to be supported somehow. Since Greece is part of the European Union (EU), everything in this country is sold and bought in euros.

Thus, the instability of the economy of one state influenced the attitude of investors towards the entire EU. Investors felt a threat to their capital and urgently began to get rid of the euro. All this led to a fall in the value of the euro against the currencies of other states. It is on such movements that money is earned in Forex.

This method of investing can be called profitable only if you yourself trade on Forex, when you already have extensive experience, your own strategy for entering and exiting the market, as well as an iron will.

There are only a few people who have made a fortune in forex. But those who tried to get rich on this and went bankrupt - millions. Draw your own conclusions.

Cumulative life insurance

This way of investing can hardly be called profitable. As the name implies, this is insurance in case of any unforeseen circumstances. Its difference from ordinary insurance is that it is a combination of human life and health insurance with a program to accumulate, preserve and increase your capital.

If ordinary insurance simply pays you a certain amount in the event of an insured event, then in this case, if nothing happened during the entire period of the contract, you can either receive the entire amount accumulated over the years, or receive a monthly payment until the end of life.

OFBU

OFBU stands for Banking Management General Funds. In fact, these are the same mutual funds, but with broader investment functions. On the one hand, this is a plus, since by investing in OFBU you have the opportunity to increase profits through wider investment combinations. On the other hand, it is more risky.

There were cases when OFBU showed a yield of 600% per annum. However, the main problem lies in the fact that the activities of OFBUs are little regulated by law, which is why they are less subject to control, unlike the same mutual funds.

There are also cases when the short-sighted activities of managers led to the complete collapse of the OFBU.

You can read more about the activities of general funds of banking management here:. On my own behalf, I will add that at the moment it is best to invest in OFBU such an amount of funds that you will not be sorry to lose if something happens.

hedge funds

I must say right away that in our country this is a relatively new and not sufficiently developed financial instrument, which is available only to wealthy clients.

The minimum entry amount here starts from a few hundred dollars to a million. In the West, hedge funds are very popular.

Hedge funds do not have a clear regulatory framework, which allows them to freely choose enrichment strategies and use a wide range of financial instruments when investing money in various markets. The result of the work of hedge funds can be both super profits and huge losses.

One of the most striking examples of hedge funds is the Quantum fund, founded by the notorious , who was able to make a profit equal to $ 1 billion in a day!

Structural (structured) products

A structured (structured) financial product is a complex financial instrument, which is issued, as a rule, by commercial and investment banks and is created to meet the specific needs of clients.

This financial instrument became especially popular during the crisis. After all, when you invest in a growing market and constantly receive good profits, this is one thing, but when the situation on the markets is not stable, especially during crises, many investors are trying to find reliable ways to invest funds that will give them greater profits than banking deposits.

The essence of the structural product is simple - part of the funds, usually 80-90% is invested in bank deposits or bonds, but the remaining 10-20% is invested in futures and options.

All this allows, in the worst case scenario, to stay with your money and not lose anything, at best, make a profit of about 20-30%. This is not very much, but it is higher than the yield on bank deposits.

But again, nothing to compare it to. For example, the most successful investor in the world, Warren Buffett, has been providing his clients with about 24% per annum over the past 35 years. 24% per annum does not seem to be much, but only Buffett and no one else can receive such a profit consistently for many years.

Gold and precious metals

For many people, wealth is associated with a mountain of gold. Since ancient times, this metal has been a symbol of wealth and power, so it has become the cause of quarrels, robberies, murders and even wars.

Gold should not be considered as the most profitable way to invest, despite the fact that in recent years it has risen in price a lot. The fact is that most often gold acts as a refuge for investors in difficult times.

When crises dominate the world, in order to wait them out, investors withdraw their savings from stocks, bonds and other financial products, and then invest in gold.

As soon as the crisis recedes, investors immediately look for more profitable ways to invest. This is the reason for the rise in the price of gold in difficult times. But then, the price of precious metals inevitably falls.

The property

Real estate has always been a profitable way to invest. Not only that, real estate itself does not depreciate and, as a rule, it only rises in price from year to year. But real estate also allows you to receive passive income from renting it out.

True, there is one serious “but” here, which is the high cost of real estate. In fact, this is an investment for wealthy people. Because of what, this method of investing should be considered not at the initial stage, but when you already have big capital and you have the opportunity to invest in various financial instruments.

True, there are exceptions. For example, you can profitable to invest in real estate at the stage of its construction. At this time, as a rule, there is no need to pay the full cost of housing and you can pay a certain monthly part.

Thus, if you have the opportunity to deposit the required amount and this will not affect the quality of your life, then you can safely look for suitable options. The fact is that at the construction stage, a square meter of housing costs much less than later, when the construction is completed.

Business

Each of the above financial tools, has a certain degree of risk (reliability). Depending on this, the range of possible profit changes. The riskier the financial instrument, the higher the return it can bring. However, so is the loss.

Each of these financial instruments has its own advantages and disadvantages. And under various life circumstances, it is worth choosing the best ways to invest. But, personally for myself, I have already determined the most profitable way To invest money is a business!

Why? Because business is unlimited dividends! And they will depend only on you. From your efficiency, imagination, diligence, ingenuity.

Any other financial instruments do not depend on you. They depend, for example, on the current market situation, on the conditions determined by other people, on the financial results of a particular company, on the actions of speculators, on marketers developing certain financial products.

Building your own business is entirely up to you.

This is where you set the rules by which you will play. Here you decide how much income you will receive. Of course, business also largely depends on various external circumstances. But, in any case, the last word is yours, even if you decide to sell it.

In 2007, I opened my own business for the first time. It was a small tanning studio. More precisely, it was a small room in one of the hairdressers, in which I installed a solarium, all the necessary accessories, planted an administrator and began to earn money.

This business has many benefits. I will talk about them in future releases. For now, I just want to draw your attention to the fact that this business has brought me good dividends. For the year I received more than 100% per annum.

It was a great test, during which I was able to show many of my talents. Organizational skills, managerial skills, design talents, tested his advertising vision.

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Warren Buffett's first investment was to buy three shares at $38.25 each for a profit of only $5, and 60 years later he topped the list of the richest people in the world, and continues to be in its top ten to this day. This is the best example of how patience and determination can make a huge capital even with minimal funds. Most people do not want to learn how to invest, believing that this requires a lot of money. In practice, this is not entirely true. You can start investing with $50 if you know how to do it right.

Investing is an investment of free Money in various instruments for the purpose of generating income. This way of earning works in the long term and is able to generate passive income for many years.

There are several types of investors in the financial environment:

• individual and institutional;
• financial and industry;
• short term and long term.

In general, there are quite a few types of investments

A prime example is Bill Gates. According to a Bloomberg report, he holds no more than 20% of the total capital in shares of his offspring - Microsoft. More than 50% of all funds are invested in the financial services market and the Warren Buffett Foundation, 14% - in shares of consumer sector companies such as Wal-Mart Stores and Coca-Cola. About 15% - in shares of industrial corporations and companies from the industrial sector - Caterpillar, Canadian National Railway Company, FedEx Corporation. Nearly 10% of the capital is invested in large cyclical consumer sector companies - Mcdonald's and S.A.B., and another 5% - in the energy industry (Exxon Mobil and BP).

Bill Gates is one of the richest people in the world

In an interview with Rolling Stone (March 13, 2014), Bill Gates said that luck in investing accompanies those who start small. According to him, many people are sure that financial investments are a kind of project that requires nothing but money, and this is partly true, but it is important to understand and plan your actions correctly, as well as set clear goals.

Financial experts have identified two main styles that can be traced in the behavior of investors:

1. Conservative, in which the primary task of the investor is to protect his capital and gradually increase it by investing in reliable financial instruments: bonds, certificates of investment funds with collateral, financial products with a guaranteed return of funds.
2. Aggressive, implying that the investor invests in highly volatile assets that have a high potential return: shares of small companies with significant growth dynamics, securities without collateral, financial products without a guarantee of capital return.

In general, the same person can combine both styles, depending on the situation and the project in which he wants to invest.

Where can you invest

The market offers dozens of options from which to start investing, depending on the chosen strategy and type of financial instruments. Even with a small start-up capital, you can invest in the following assets:

• currency;
• the property;
• precious metals;
• promising startups;
• cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies;
• shares and bonds with collateral;
• mutual investment funds;
• bank deposits and deposits.

Of course, the easiest way is to put money on a term deposit or open a deposit. But, as calculations show, this method is effective only in the long term.

The average interest rate on the bank deposit "Replenish" in Sberbank is 5% per year

For example, when opening a deposit of 50,000 rubles per year at 7% per annum, the monthly amount of payments will be about 289 rubles, and at the end of the contract with the bank, the total amount of income will not exceed 3,500 rubles.

In February, as well as in the month of placement and the month of withdrawal of funds, the payment will be less, based on the number of days that the amount is in the account.

Investing in stocks allows you to earn more than from a bank deposit, both in the short and long term.

Is it profitable to invest money?

Investments are the driving force of any economy and an effective tool for increasing capital for every person. Benefits of smart investment:

1. Passive income. A successful large investor does not have to go to work every day or earn money in another active way: he does not work for money, but money works for him.
2. Income diversification. An employee receives income in the form of wages most often from one source, less often from two or more. But an investor can make a profit from dozens and even hundreds of sources by regularly redistributing capital into various financial instruments.
3. Unlimited income. Active income is always limited by the time and effort required to generate it. Passive income through investing has no such limits, so it can increase regardless of the time spent and the effort put in.

Competent investment allows you to earn and achieve life goals, which often largely depend on the level of material well-being.

The investor gets at his disposal the most valuable resource - the time that he can spend on his loved ones and favorite activities.

Myths about investing

Opponents of investing often cite theses as arguments, most often having nothing to do with the real state of affairs.

Availability of large start-up capital

One of the most common misconceptions that prevents most people from starting to invest from scratch is the belief that only millionaires can invest in projects. In practice, if you invest $50 monthly in a mutual fund at 30% per annum, after 2 years the amount of savings will be $2000.

Investing is gambling

Banker Edvard Dubinsky tells whether it is possible to live on the interest from your investments:

In fact, with a competent approach, the risk of losing money is not so high. Investments with good returns and low risks are considered investments at 30-60% per annum, with medium risks - up to 120%.

Special education

Undoubtedly, to start investing, it is desirable to learn this beforehand, but not necessarily in a higher educational institution. There are many courses, books and articles in the public domain.

Years of experience shows that the majority of successful investors are specialists in areas not directly related to economics and finance, such as Bill Gates, Larry Alison, Ingvar Kamprad. These people have multibillion-dollar fortunes, but have not even received a higher education, which suggests that determination and self-education are much more important than a diploma from a prestigious university.

What does a novice investor need to know?

A beginner in the investment market must study a lot and be constantly interested in the latest events in the country and the world, follow stock quotes and economic policy.

At the first stage, you need to study the basics of investing and the concepts without which it is impossible to form a clear idea of ​​financial instruments and the principles of working with them.

On the Internet you can find hundreds of books on the basics of investing and money management. Unlike articles and forum threads, they are able to provide more information on how to start investing. The following books on investing will be most useful:

1. The Intelligent Investor (Benjamin Graham) The book was published in 1949, and since then has not lost popularity and relevance, talking in detail about value investing.
2. "Essays on Investments, Corporate Finance and Company Management" (Warren Buffett). The book contains Buffett's letters to the shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway, which he runs. They allow the best possible understanding of the philosophy of the Great Investor and the psychology of thinking of a successful person.
3. Rich Dad's Guide: Learning to Invest (Robert Kiyosaki) The book is designed for novice investors and is not so much educational as motivating, charging with optimism and self-confidence in the investment field.

However, the most valuable teacher is experience, which, combined with the study of literature and the financial market, will allow you to achieve success.

InvestFuture channel speaker Kira Yukhtenko highlighted Warren Buffett's top 6 wealth rules:

What are the investments

When choosing a project for investment, it is worth considering its type. One of the most important parameters is the degree of risk, based on which projects are divided into:

• risk-free - insured deposits with expected profit;
• low-risk - investments with a risk higher than the market average;
• medium-risk - investments with a degree of risk equal to the average market;
• high-risk - deposits with increased risk and income above the market average.

According to the objects of investment, investments are of two types:

1. Real - investments in production facilities and equipment, material objects of a non-productive nature and intangible assets.
2. Financial - investments in various financial instruments: stocks, bonds, futures, etc.

According to the purpose of investment, the following types of investments are distinguished:

• direct - are carried out directly to the authorized capital of the company, after the conclusion of a direct agreement between the investor and the recipient of funds.
• indirect - investment of funds with the help of financial intermediaries: brokers or investment companies.

It is best for a novice investor to resort to the help of an intermediary in finding and placing his capital in various financial instruments. So he can avoid significant financial losses due to investments in low-yield or high-risk instruments.

Tinkoff-Bank offers its clients its active mediation in various types of investment

Mistakes

The reason for most mistakes is carelessness in matters relating to finances. The most common mistakes a novice investor makes:

• invest all your money in the shares of one company.
• take out a loan to build investment capital.
• invest more than you can lose.
• do not diversify risks.
• abuse high-risk investments.
• invest without strategy and planning.

Before you start investing, you need to learn at least a minimum of this financial art, calculate all the risks and set clear goals for yourself.

Maxim Temchenko talks about his first investment experience, including mistakes and ways to correct them:

Detailed instructions for a novice investor

It is best to start investment activity with small investments in risk-free or low-risk assets. You can avoid mistakes at the initial stage and learn how to invest correctly if you follow the instructions:

1. Assess your financial capabilities. First, it is important to correctly calculate the amount that you can save and invest regularly, the financial reserve and mandatory expenses.
2. Determine investment goals. The main goal of each investor is to generate income, so you need to decide what percentage of profitability will be attractive, taking into account the available initial capital. At the stage of setting goals, it is worth remembering that high-risk assets give high and relatively fast income, but in this case, the risk of losing all your money increases, especially in the absence of experience and knowledge.
3. Set investment period. This is necessary in order to understand for what period the investor plans to receive a certain income. The optimal investment period is from 5 years, but it varies depending on the chosen asset.
4. Develop an investment strategy. Investing money without a clear understanding of how exactly to handle the received financial instruments is the path to bankruptcy.
5. Choose an investment method. Deposits can be made directly or through an intermediary - a broker or investment company. It is best for a beginner to use the services of reliable intermediaries who have proven themselves in the market, even if there is a possibility of direct investment.
6. Determine the amount of investment. This is a very important stage: during it, you need to select several assets and calculate their potential profitability for the desired investment period. It is advisable to take assets from different industries in order to diversify risks. With a small capital, you can use highly liquid assets that are sold in a few days, for example, currencies.
7. Invest. And finally, the most important stage, to which some potential investors simply do not reach. If all the previous points have been fulfilled, and the calculations have been made correctly, then the investor simply has to monitor the growth in the value of assets and make a profit.

Another important issue that worries many novice investors is the legality of the income received. Kira Yukhtenko tells how to pay taxes on investments on the stock exchange:

In any case, investing is a competent financial practice that allows you to receive monthly passive income. To do this, it is not necessary to own a large amount, since many projects allow for a small financial investment. The main thing is to understand the goals of your investments, have patience and believe in success.

A bank deposit (or bank deposit) is money deposited with a credit institution (bank) in order to receive an income in the form of interest at the end of the deposit term.

There are many types and conditions of deposits. There are term deposits and demand deposits. In the first case, the deposit is made for a certain period and can be withdrawn completely without loss of interest only after this period. Demand deposits do not have a shelf life and are returned at the first request of the depositor, but the interest on them is significantly lower.

Contribution is an understandable and relatively reliable investment.

Opening a deposit is easy. To do this, you don’t even have to leave your home: many banks allow you to open deposits through a mobile application or their website. Of course, for this you first need to become a client of this bank.

The main advantage of the deposit as a type of investment of free funds is the insurance coverage of the Deposit Insurance Agency in the amount of 1.4 million rubles. Within this amount, you can confidently place your deposit in any bank that has a license from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. If the bank bursts, the state will return the money along with interest on the day the license is revoked. By the way, since 2014, more than 300 banks in Russia have been deprived of their licenses, and their depositors have certainly suffered.

The disadvantage of the deposit is that, compared to an individual investment account, it provides rather modest opportunities for increasing funds.

Individual investment account

An individual investment account (IIA) is a type of brokerage account or a trust management account of an individual opened directly with a broker or trustee (for example, in a bank), which has two types of tax benefits to choose from and certain restrictions apply.

The concept of "individual investment account" was legally enshrined on January 1, 2015. IIS can be opened both by individuals - citizens of Russia, and people who are not citizens of the Russian Federation, but living on its territory for more than six months a year.

The maximum amount that can be initially put on IIS is 400,000 rubles. During the year, the account can be replenished with an amount not exceeding 1 million rubles.

A big advantage of IIS is the possibility of obtaining a tax deduction.

It is paid in the amount of 13% of the amount invested for the year, but not more than 52,000 rubles. That is, with 400,000 rubles, and with 1 million rubles, you can return no more than this amount. This option is suitable for you if you have a permanent job and the employer pays taxes for you. There is another option - to choose tax exemption.

The main disadvantage of IIS is that, unlike a deposit, it is not insured by anyone. However, if you open it in a reliable bank (it has been operating on the market for a long time, it is in the top 20 rating of Russian banks, there is no reorganization regarding it) and you choose the right investment strategy, you can earn much more. In addition, in order to enjoy tax deductions, an investment account must be opened for at least three years, during which funds cannot be withdrawn.

How much can you earn on deposits and IIS

Let's compare how much you can earn if you make a deposit of 100,000 rubles and open an individual investment account for the same amount.

Deposit profitability

The weighted average interest rate on deposits for a period of one to three years in Russia as of September 2017 was 6.83% per annum. If we calculate income based on this interest rate, then in a year it will be 106,830 rubles. By reinvesting this amount, in two years you will receive 114,126.5 rubles, and in three years - 121,921.3 rubles. net income - 21,921.3 rubles.

Profitability of IIS

Strategy 1: invest in government bonds

Having opened an IIS, you can invest in such a reliable instrument as federal loan bonds (OFZ), the issuer of which is the Russian Federation represented by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. The yield to maturity of OFZ-26205 at the end of November 2017 was about 7.3%. Taking into account the tax deduction of 13%, the return on investment will be 20.3% in the first year. And for three years (the account is opened for a period of at least three years), the average yield will be about 11.6%. As a result, in three years you can get 138,504 rubles. Net income - 38 504 rubles.

Strategy 2: investing in corporate bonds

Another reliable and rather profitable strategy is investing in corporate bonds, the yield on which is slightly higher than on OFZ bonds.

For example, these can be bonds of Gazprom Capital and Rosneft. The average yield on the bond portfolio of these companies at the time of writing is 7.97%. If you put 100,000 rubles on IIS and, as a result, get tax deduction for one year, then after three years we will get an average figure of 12.3% per annum. By the end of the third year, the account will already have 141,020 rubles. Net income - 41 020 rubles.

By the way, for individual bond issues of these issuers, coupon income will not be taxed starting from 2018.

Strategy 3: investing in stocks

The biggest income can come from investing in stocks. However, this is also the most risky investment tool, because even if the shares of a company have shown growth over the past periods, this does not mean that this trend will continue in the future. Experienced investors advise investing in several types of stocks at once, so that the fall in the shares of one company can be offset by the growth in the shares of another company. This is called portfolio diversification.

The most proven investment is the shares of "blue chips" - the securities of the largest, liquid and reliable corporations. Among Russian companies, they include shares of Gazprom, Sberbank, Alrosa and others.

If at the beginning of 2016 you had equally invested 100,000 rubles in ordinary shares of the three largest Russian corporations - Gazprom, Sberbank and Lukoil, the average return on shares of which in 2016 was 43.93%, then only for one a year you would have earned 43,930 rubles. To this amount, add a tax deduction of 13,000 rubles. It turns out that in just a year you would have earned 56 930 rubles. At the same time, growth over three years is much more difficult to predict.

Outcome

The deposit will suit more conservative and cautious people, probably the older generation. Opening investment accounts - for more risky people. This is not just a fashion trend, but good opportunity earn.

Where to invest in 2020 in order to receive a monthly income, how best to do it, as well as a few important recommendations from professionals in this regard.

The content of the article:

Everyone has heard more than once that the best investments are investments in yourself, namely, in education, career, skills, health. However, there are other equally important areas for investment, for example, passive sources of income ( dividends, interest on deposits and others).

Internet investment

With the development of technology, investing has changed. Today, more than 80% of the world's investment capital is traded using the Internet. All stock exchanges work only online, today traders do not physically come to work on the stock exchanges, but work through a computer.

Almost every person can, sitting at home, find where it is profitable to invest money, even with only a few hundred rubles. Let's pay closer attention to where to invest money on the Internet, as well as to those financial instruments that are available on the network.

Investing in Shares

Securities have long been a common source of investment. Many people dream of being co-owners Apple, Microsoft or Gazprom which is what allows them to do the stock market. It is enough to buy a share of one of these companies, and you already own a small part of it and receive dividends from it. In the event of an increase in the value of shares, they can be sold and fix a good profit.

To start investing in securities from your computer, just follow a few simple steps:

1. Open a brokerage account.
2. Install a trading platform.
3. Select the desired shares and buy them.

The best and most profitable way to invest money in stocks is to buy through a broker, a specialized participant in the stock market who connects the exchange, the issuer and the investor.

It will be difficult to invest in foreign shares through a Russian broker, as there is a Law on Qualified Investor, according to which, in order to buy shares of a foreign company, you need to have at least 6 million rubles.

That is why all Russian brokers have foreign registrations.

For example, a large and well-known company operates under European law, is regulated by MiFID and in Russia CROFR. The client can buy any shares from different exchanges, including NASDAQ, NYSE, XETRA, LSE other.

• All shares (companies) on the stock exchange are marked with an abbreviation, for example, Sberbank - SBER Nike- NKE.
• In the trading platform, you can see the price chart for all time, find out the latest company performance, production volumes, sales volumes, and others.

Absolutely everyone can invest in stocks. The algorithm of actions is simple (no more difficult than buying toothpaste in a store), and after a dozen operations, everyone will easily navigate transactions in the stock market.

As an example, consider stocks Amazon:

Over the past year, securities have added almost 100% in price, and this dynamics is not the first year. If you think this is an isolated case, then take a look at the shares Tesla, Google and other famous companies.

By the way, than not better known company, the higher its shares can rise. For example, for Amazon to grow twice, you need to do a lot, but for a small company to grow twice, you just need to double the sales market, open a second store or sign a new contract ... It is not uncommon for stocks to rise by more than 10-20 thousand percent in a couple of years.

Below we will show our example of a stock trade with a broker.

• - One of the world's largest manufacturers of aviation, space and military equipment.

To open a deal to buy, we went to the trading platform, selected the desired shares and pressed the button BUY- Buy:

Just two days later, the share price rose, as did our profit:

To make a profit on your account, you need to sell the shares back, that is, close the deal:

After that, the money was credited to our balance. The results can always be viewed below the graph in the tab Deals:

Let's sum up the shares, highlighting some of their positive and negative aspects.

disadvantages:

• The risk of losing money - when investing in unreliable and weak companies;
• Technical difficulties when working with the terminal - for people of the "old school" it will be difficult to deal with all the nuances of trading on the Internet, but this is quite real (there are video instructions and tutorials that show in detail what is done and how).

Thus, stocks are a highly profitable and relatively risky investment tool. It opens up endless opportunities for all people to participate in the work of the largest companies around the world and get their share of the profits from their activities.

The best brokers to buy and invest in stocks

eToro

The broker provides a professional trading platform and the best conditions. Minimum deposit to open an account $250 .

ETFs(from English. Exchange Traded Fund) are index investment funds that copy existing stock indexes, while their shares are traded on the exchange.

By investing in an ETF (exchange-traded fund) share, you get a whole portfolio in terms of content, since each share costs as the average price of all securities in the ETF portfolio. This is an analogue of Russian mutual funds, only in this case, you buy shares directly on the stock exchange and can sell them at any time.

It is worth highlighting a few features of ETFs:

• Such funds are index funds and are tied to one of them. For example, there is the S&P500 or Russel ETF. Funds are created not only for global indices, but also for industry ones (for example, United States Oil).
• The purchase and sale of ETFs is carried out at any time of the exchange, thus providing free access to this asset.
• The ETF does not require management or active intervention by the investor, which greatly simplifies the work in the market.
• ETFs are provided for almost any market segment and industry, which allows you to widely diversify your portfolio and reduce risks (for example, whiskey ETF, luxury ETF ...).

Linking a fund to an index is indeed a profitable opportunity for an investor, since it is impossible to purchase an index separately. They only have derivative instruments, for example, futures, but they have their own conditions for collateral and commissions. In this regard, ETF will be much more convenient.

Even if you wanted to copy the Dow Jones 30 and buy all the stocks in it, you would need about $20,000 to buy one share of 30 companies.

Instead, you can buy just one share of the ETF copying the Dow Jones index - :

To make the ETF operation algorithm more understandable, let's consider the ratio of fund charts SPDR S&P 500 and the index itself S&P 500:

As you can see, the prices are almost the same with very small differences due to the technical features of the index calculation. Buying SPDR S&P 500, the investor actually invests in the US economy and the best companies that are included in the index. With all this, there is no need to select and search for securities in the portfolio, calculate risks, the investor receives a ready and convenient mechanism for investments.

Let's try to calculate the potential profit on ETF. This time we will take another fund called iShares Russell 2000, it takes into account 2000 small-cap companies. Just imagine the level of diversification of such a fund, because money is invested in two thousand companies. Below is a growth chart.

During the crisis years, the index fell significantly in price. Let's say we bought this ETF after the 2008 crisis at $50 per share. In this case, our profit would be 200% over 8 years, and the average annual profit would be 25% . Given the compound interest or the leverage that brokers provide (1:20), the profit increases many times over.

No bank offers such conditions for a deposit. If we also include in the calculations the growth of the dollar over this period, then a fabulous profit will be obtained in rubles.

Let's highlight the positive and negative aspects of investing in ETFs.

Advantages:

• Professional approach to management - the investor trusts money to experienced managers by purchasing their shares;
• Low level of initial investment - one share in most funds is inexpensive;
• There are no additional discounts and premiums for managers, as in mutual funds;
• Ultra-broad diversification - as a result, a lower level of risk.

disadvantages:

• Relatively low level of profitability in comparison with the standard purchase of shares;
• Drawdown during economic problems in the world and the country where the index is traded.

ETFs- this is a very useful tool for a cautious and long-term investor who plans to make a guaranteed profit over the next 5-10 years. Like stocks, it is advisable to buy such funds during or immediately after the crisis, otherwise you will have to wait for the market to recover over the next 5 years.

IIS

IIS is short for " Individual Investment Account". It appeared as part of a state program that began in 2015 and continues to this day. We note the key features of working with IIS:

• According to this program, individuals who have invested from an official broker on IIS an amount from 5,000 to 400,000 rubles will receive a tax deduction in the amount of 13% .
• It is assumed that the investor is an employed citizen or an individual entrepreneur, therefore, in order to receive a deduction, it will be necessary to submit the appropriate package of documents from the employer and an application to the Federal Tax Service.

Available strategies for investing in IIS on the example of a brokerage company, which is one of the most reliable:

1. Analogue of a bank deposit- the simplest and most reliable strategy with an accrual of 5.5% per year.
2. conservative strategy- work with low-risk instruments, such as government bonds, income up to 15% per year is possible.
3. Optimal- investments in shares and relatively risky instruments, yield up to 30% per year.
4. Aggressive- investing in companies from sectors of the economy that have high growth potential, the strategy can bring up to 50% per year.

To all the above percentages, you need to add 13%, which the tax will return to the investor. In general, it will turn out to be a very profitable alternative to a bank deposit. The program has only advantages and is actively supported by the state.

mutual fund

mutual fund is an abbreviation for " Mutual Investment Fund". It is an organization that professionally invests in stocks, bonds, real estate and other investment objects - this is a common place where you can invest money to get a high percentage of profit. The fund is managed by specially trained and experienced money managers.

• You can meet mutual funds in large banks and financial institutions, for example, in Sberbank or Alfa-Bank.

It is enough for an investor to buy a share in such a fund and wait until its value grows, and then sell it. It is important to note that in addition to the profit from the growth in value, the owner of the share will pay a small commission and remuneration to managers.

Consider a small example of investment in mutual funds Sberbank Let's take a stock fund as a basis. Below is a graph of the growth in the value of shares:

As you can see, in the best years for the economy, the value of shares increases, but, as with the usual purchase of shares in the 2008 crisis, there were problems. Only 10 years later, the value of the share recovered to the high level of 2007. Accordingly, it is better to buy shares of stock funds after a crisis or in its midst.

Consider a similar situation, but with a mixed investment fund in Sberbank. They invest not only in stocks, but also bonds and real estate. Their schedule looks like this:

As you can see, there is a similar drawdown in the 2008 crisis, but in general, the recovery was much faster. This is all to the fact that before buying a share, it is necessary to analyze the dynamics of prices over a long period and take into account economic disasters.

The final calculation for mixed investments will look like this:

• When buying a share in 2006-2007 for 40,000 rubles, the profit for 10 years will be about 90%;
• Average annual profit - 9% ;
• Deduction at the expense of remuneration to managers - from 0.5-1% of the surcharge upon purchase, depending on the amount, personal income tax is not paid according to the law within 3 million rubles.

Advantages:

• Low entry threshold, today in Sberbank you can invest from 1000 rubles;
• The opportunity to get a little more profit than on bank deposits;
• Reliable money management from professionals in their field;
• When holding a share for more than 3 years, personal income tax is not paid within 3 million rubles.

disadvantages:

• The need to pay a "surcharge" and "discount" to managers when depositing funds and selling a share;
• A strong drawdown in a crisis and a long recovery;
• No dividends;
• Low liquidity - you cannot sell shares at any time on demand;
• Low yield.

As a result, a mutual fund is a convenient tool for an investor who wants to passively manage his capital and who wants to entrust funds to professional managers. One can note their high reliability at a distance for investment of 10 years, but also low profitability.

Binary Options

Options are a trend of recent years in the field of trading. As such, binary options speculation can hardly be called investment transactions, but they are a fairly profitable and simple way to make a profit.

• The interesting thing is that profits are derived from all exchange-traded assets - stocks, indices, commodities and currencies.

To make money on binary options, you just need to specify whether the price of the selected asset will rise or fall within the period you specified.

Sounds pretty simple, for example, will Google stock rise or fall in an hour? But the profit from this solution will surprise you - 70-80% profit for each successful transaction!

Let's highlight a few of their features:

• There are only two conditions: UP or DOWN. No stop orders and orders to take profits.
• It is enough for a trader to indicate where the asset will go and receive a fixed profit in the amount of 70-80%.
• You can buy options for different periods, up to from 30 seconds and more ( 10 minutes, 15 minutes, hour, day, week, month - as you wish).
• Brokers have hundreds of assets (US stocks, currencies, raw materials, cryptocurrencies).

As an example, consider binary stock options Apple at the broker:

After selecting an asset, you need to specify the closing time of the transaction, we indicated at 17:40, after 20 minutes:

After we have entered the investment amount, it remains to specify the most important condition of the option, on which our result will depend. Since we predicted growth, we pressed the UP button and confirmed the deal:

If in 20 minutes Apple shares will be worth more than at the time of purchase, then we will receive a 70% profit, since our UP option condition will be fulfilled.

At the time we specified - 17:40, the transaction was closed automatically. Look at the price chart of securities from the moment you buy the option to the moment you close it:

Apple stock went up and we made a 70% profit. By investing $70, we returned $119 ! And all this in 20 minutes!

We prefer to open deals with a trusted broker who has the best conditions for earning. The broker is regulated CROFR, provides high interest on transactions, has the best assets.

Summing up, we note the main positive and negative aspects of binary options.

Advantages:

• High percentage of profit;
• Ease of use - intuitive interface;
• The minimum deposit is only $250, unlike stock brokers with thresholds of 5-10 thousand dollars;
• A large number of financial instruments.

disadvantages:

• Binary options are called all or nothing, which means that if your trade condition is not met, then you will lose the investment amount. With such a high return, losses are easily compensated;
• The need for asset analysis for forecasting;
• Small number of regulated brokers.

Reliable and regulated broker in Russia

FiNMAX

The account is three and a half years old, more than half a million dollars have already been invested. During this time, the manager has earned over 2000%. This is a fairly experienced manager, showing good dynamics. The yield curve is not completely smooth - there are small depressions in it. This means that the trader is placing stop orders and has a trading system and that percentage is not just luck.

The average profit of a conservative portfolio of PAMM accounts fluctuates from 4 to 6% per month, for aggressive investors, profits can reach more than 50%, because some PAMM accounts bring more than 100% per month.

The PAMM account system has been successfully operating for more than 10 years, and if you are looking for where to invest a little money, then this is a great option.

Usually the site is sold at a price so that the investment pays for itself in 1-2 years. For example, if a project brings an average of 10,000 rubles a month, then its price is 100,000-200,000 rubles. The profit for the investor in this case will be from 50 to 100% per annum with prospects for further growth and development.

It is important to understand that in order to buy a site, you still need to understand the main points of their creation so as not to run into a low-quality project. To do this, you can also use the services of an experienced SEO-optimizer before buying, who will tell you how good the chosen site is. As a result, MFA sites are a profitable investment with a high potential for profit at around 100% per annum.

P2P lending

Where to invest money with interest? Peer Lending (from English. "Peer-to-Peer") is a variant of lending between individuals without the participation of third-party structures and intermediaries, hence the "equality". Usually, such loans can be found online on special exchanges and platforms. Of the latter, it is worth highlighting:

• Zopa- one of the first exchanges for issuing loans, located in the UK;
• Lending Club- an exchange in the United States that issued more than 1.6 billion dollars in debt in 2015. By the way, their shares are traded on the NYSE;
• Prosper- another representative from the USA, in 2015 the company issued 600 million US dollars.

The list is not exhaustive. In Russia, the results are still modest, there are only two main services: Vdolg.ru, as well as Fingooroo. Recently, exchanges such as City of Money and LoanBerry. The remaining companies are smaller and do not have large turnovers.

Important features of P2P lending:

• loans are not protected by the conditions of state and other insurance;
• all transactions are carried out online;
• borrowers are assigned a certain rating;
• lenders have the right to choose which loans to invest in;
• loans are provided and contain conditions of a commercial nature;
• the rate on such loans is higher, therefore, the investor can receive a considerable income - up to 50% per year.

With a reasonable approach, issuing loans is a profitable direction for investment, which can consistently generate profits. However, everything has its own risks, in this case it is associated with non-repayment of debt and other consequences. All services, as a rule, cooperate with collection agencies and debt recovery is generally provided at the level of the banking structure.

Cryptocurrencies

Investing in cryptocurrencies is the most powerful trend in the world over the past 50 years. Today, many compare this asset to gold (gold rush), and according to a survey, more than 50% of investors would prefer to invest in Bitcoin instead of gold.

The creators of cryptocurrencies themselves and many billionaire investors call them a bubble, however, no one can stop their growth. Even states have to adapt to the avalanche trend and develop their own currencies based on the blockchain system - decentralization.

It is difficult to talk about the future, but at the moment even grandmothers know about Bitcoin, and the price of new money continues to rise.

If you do not want to start electronic wallets, delve into the essence of new technologies, you can simply invest in different cryptocurrencies with stock brokers, because it is very affordable and does not require large expenses. In addition, brokers offer leverage, which will increase your profits.

Among the most famous brokers that offer cryptocurrency trading, one can single out the largest broker.

Where to invest money offline

People " old school» It is not at all necessary to invest your money using the Internet. The classic offline investment methods that have existed for a long time still continue to make a profit and will always exist in one form or another. Consider the most popular of them separately.

The property

Perhaps the most traditional way generating income - buying real estate. It is extremely difficult to single out something new in this area. However, we note the main points, for example, income from real estate can be of two types:

• rent payments;
• resale of a property at a higher price.

The first option is the most common. Many people buy apartments and rent them out in order to receive stable payments. You can purchase not only residential, but also commercial properties. The latter are an order of magnitude more expensive than apartments and require a special approach to choice, since they are intended for business.

Most often, this option is suitable for people who do not seek to greatly increase their capital, but rather just save it, since an apartment for 40 thousand dollars (outside the capital) can bring in 200 dollars a month, while the same amount is on the stock market would bring 10 times more, and on trust management in the foreign exchange market, it could even pay off in a year.

The main problem for investing in real estate is the initial capital, it must be quite large. For example, for commercial real estate in Moscow, the average cost of 1 sq. m. is 407,700 rubles ( according to the research of the Domofond.ru project). Considering that a standard object will have an area of ​​about 100 sq. m., then you will need an amount of 35 million rubles. In the regions, the amount will be less - from 5 to 10 million rubles.

Potential return on investment in real estate:

• From rent - for commercial properties will be approx. 10-15% per year, and for residential will come out about 5-8% .
• Resale - when buying a new building, it can go into 30-40% , in general, for all objects, the annual increase is about 5-10% .

For clarity, let's also pay attention to the graph of the growth of the real estate market over the past decades:

As you can see, even in the years of crisis, real estate falls slightly in price.

Where can you invest money - Startups

Start-up companies have long been an object of attention for investment. This direction can bring quite large profits over time, as evidenced by stories about Facebook, Microsoft and others. Their investors after ten years have received a profit in the thousands of percent.

If you think that an IPO of a startup on the stock exchange is a good opportunity to invest a small amount of money, then you may be mistaken.

1. Firstly, an IPO already means a very large turnover for the company, which means that you need to invest in startups before the IPO, at the earliest stages.
2. Secondly, an IPO does not guarantee the growth of shares, on the contrary, in the first year after the IPO, the shares of most companies fall in price.

The amount that can be earned on startups is hundreds, and sometimes thousands of percent. On the other hand, it is risky to invest in young companies, as they may not become successful in the end and cause a loss.

It is best to invest in startups on thematic exchanges:

1. https://www.crowdcube.com
2. https://www.indiegogo.com/
3. https://circleup.com/

Art

Investing money in art objects allows not only to make a profit, but also to get aesthetic pleasure from the process itself. To invest in art, it is not at all necessary to be an expert, today you can easily use the services of specialists with extensive experience.

A famous example: the Lemon Marilyn painting was bought in 1962 for US$250 and subsequently sold at auction 45 years later for US$28 million. And in 2013 it was resold for $44 million. The total profit is almost 250,000% per year, and this is for the first owner.

A few highlights in this area:

• Paintings are the most popular item. The cost of a good creation by contemporary artists is not less than 5,000 US dollars. In ten years, the price of such a painting can grow tens and hundreds of times.
• Now it is profitable to buy paintings of the second half of the 20th century, since they are the ones that begin to grow rapidly in price.
• According to statistics, even three-year-old paintings rise in price by 50%, but there are exceptions that grow by 1000%. This is primarily due to the activity of the artist. If he often exhibits in galleries, receives awards and fame, and then his paintings automatically become more expensive.

Summing up, we note that the main advantage of investing in art is an incredible profit, plus, getting aesthetic pleasure. Among the shortcomings, it is worth highlighting that this is not a very cheap activity, given that it is desirable to use the services of experts for purchases, and significant profits may not be soon.

Business investment in small towns

Small towns with a small population are a special category of investment. They are notable for the fact that there is a weak level of competition and some enterprises do not yet exist. An obvious example is franchised companies such as those in the foodservice industry ( KFC, Subway, McDonald's). Such establishments are popular even in small towns, but not everyone can afford to open them.

The most important advantages of doing business in small towns:

• relatively small start-up capital is required;
• minimum wage costs for employees;
• lack of strong competitors;
• the presence of demand (despite the small number of people in the right niche, it will be large).

Typical business ideas for small towns:

• catering (small eateries or franchises);
• food delivery (rolls, pizzeria);
• taxi (today it is already losing relevance, as the niche is captured by Uber and Yandex);
• services (hairdressing, SPA, manicure);
• trade (flower shops, stationery, sale of tea or coffee).

Investments in the bank

The standard scheme available to every person is the opening of a bank deposit. This is a kind of conservative investment of money, which is the most reliable option where to invest money in order to receive interest. Risk-free deposits allow you to make a small profit every year. Let's pay attention to several key aspects related to deposits:

1. It is important to understand that a bank deposit is not exactly an investment, but a method of saving money. This is due to the fact that there is such a thing as inflation, when every year the prices of all goods and services grow by a small amount. As a rule, the deposit rate roughly covers inflation.
2. Banks with state support enjoy the greatest confidence among depositors. Since they have a minimal risk of losing their license and bankruptcy. Examples include Sberbank, VTB, and Gazprombank.
3. The deposit rate depends on the rate Central Bank. Until recently, it was around 10%, which allowed banks to issue such deposits. Today, the rate is lower, and deposits are issued at only 5% per annum.
4. Any deposit has insurance, for one bank it is no more than 1.4 million rubles. Thus, if the bank fails, the depositor will receive the specified amount.

Below are the current conditions for the deposit " save» in Sberbank:

As a result, bank deposits have only one plus - reliability. In fact, this direction is for those who are looking for where to invest money with a guarantee. Among the minuses, one can single out a small income, which may not be enough even to cover inflation, as well as an insignificant, but still risk of ruining the bank.

7 basic investment rules

Before you start investing, it is important to learn a number of the simplest rules that no investor can do without. Let's list them:

1. Diversify your portfolio. Never get your hopes up and put all your eggs in one basket - create an investment portfolio and invest in different places.
2. Calculate the risks for each investment. You need to understand exactly how much you risk and how much you can get profit for such a risk.
3. Create a financial cushion. Set aside money for a financial cushion in case of a crisis or a drawdown in the value of your assets.
4. Set up long-term investments. All investments require patience, everything else is speculation. If you are not ready to hold an asset in a portfolio for 3-5 years (does not apply to investments on the Internet, where everything happens much faster), then it is better not to invest.
5. Don't follow the crowd. People tend to exaggerate the importance and influence of various factors, overestimate companies, in other words, you need to think only with your own head.
6. Think about where to invest money for passive income. Most successful investors repeat the same truth that only passive income can provide strong capital.
7. Calculate and understand what you are investing in. It is necessary to study the business of those companies in which investments are planned, to take into account all the nuances, this is the only way to invest wisely.

By following the above rules, your investment will be much more effective than those who rely on luck and blindly invest money.

To become a successful investor, you need to learn from those who have already achieved it. Let's pay attention to the following opinions of experts - well-known billionaire investors:

"Never invest in a business you don't understand"

Warren Buffett - $39 billion

“I'm only rich because I know when I'm wrong. Simply put, I managed to survive thanks to my ability to admit my own mistakes.

George Soros - $22 billion.

It is necessary to constantly analyze your actions in relation to investing and admit mistakes in time, not holding on to one stock to the end, otherwise losses will be inevitable.

“The idea of ​​anticipation is key in investing and in business in general. We cannot wait until the situation becomes clear. You have to think - that's what others have done under certain circumstances."

Eddie Lampert - $3 billion

This advice is partly similar to rule #5 from the previous section.

“The most important rule of an investor is to always consider how much he pays and what he gets for his money”

Benjamin Graham.

As it was said under Rule #2, an investor should always calculate the risks and understand what can be gained from it.

“A time of maximum pessimism is best for buying. The time of maximum optimism is best for sales”

John Templeton - $20 billion

And this is actually true, it is best to buy shares in a crisis, when the price for them is as low as possible, and in the best years they need to be sold.

Conclusion or where is it better to invest money

There are many areas where you can profitably invest money in 2020. First of all, you should pay attention to your own goals in order to choose the most suitable assets. Internet investments are the most popular - stocks, trust management in trading on stock exchanges, investments in start-ups, and then there are real estate and various funds where more significant capital is needed for investments.

Venture capital funds, investments in startups and art objects can give huge profits with high risk.

Each investor, if he wants to make a profit and become a professional, needs to follow a number of simple rules - diversification, risk calculation and others. With all this, do not neglect the recommendations and advice from successful investors who have already proven their skills in practice.

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