fourth pregnancy. Pregnancy. Signs and course of pregnancy. The body of a pregnant woman hurts and pulls the stomach

Nadezhda and Pavel have been married for many years, got married at the age of 20 and are still together, although, like everyone else, the periods in family life were different.

Relationship with daughter

Nadezhda's first pregnancy was not, so to speak, planned. They were already scheduled, but they wanted to arrange their life more carefully, and then think about the child. However, life took a different course. And Nastya was born.

I studied with her for several years in the same class, but we never became friends.

And Nadezhda, in her crazy love for them, indulged in everything and not a single trip to the store where there were toys ended without purchases. And it was to the detriment of nutrition and other needs. The boys grew up spoiled.

Out of the blue

And at this, as it seemed then, the most unfortunate moment, Nadezhda realized that she was pregnant. At first, the news shocked her. But when the first emotions subsided, she tried to look at the situation from a different angle.

At this age (she was about forty), she already reacted differently to her pregnancy. I realized that no matter how many and what problems there were, she would not go for an abortion. He simply cannot consciously kill his child.

She told her husband. At first he reacted negatively. Then it was replaced by, as it seemed to her, indifference. He wasn't interested in how she felt or what was going to happen next. Lived for half a month with the motto "Do what you want!"

hard pressing

Hope was embarrassed. And time passed and she did not want to hide her position from her relatives. From that moment it all started. I still can't forget the terrible state she was in.

The mother-in-law immediately spoke unambiguously with the slogan “Enough to breed poverty!” Here the husband, hitherto indifferent, joined in, supporting his mother.

But most of all, Nadezhda was morally killed by the fact that her own mother, on whose support she so hoped at this difficult moment, took up arms worse than her mother-in-law: “How long can you give birth ??” And then began the daily seeing off for an abortion ...

Do I need to write about how hard it was for her? I think this is understandable to any woman, including nulliparous.

Another 1.5-2 months I saw her in constant tears and a depressed state. And outwardly, she began to somehow resemble a downtrodden groundhog. She is such a beautiful woman!

Crucial moment

I can't speak for everyone, but this is what happens to me. When serious problems pile up (and, as you know, they don’t come one by one), when you already understand that you are completely exhausted, that there is no more strength for anything - neither for solving problems, nor for reflection, reasoning, logical conclusions, nor for yourself life, something happens.

This is something I call a click. Apparently, there is some line, crossing which, the instinct of self-preservation simply works, and you seem to be disconnected from everything, as if you find yourself in another world, where these problems are some kind of distant background. And after some time, you realize that if it were not for this click, then you would just go crazy.

Probably something similar happened to Hope too. As many would say, he pulled himself together (I just don’t like this expression very much for a number of reasons).

From the fifth month of pregnancy, she lived as if everything was normal. Yes, there is someone who is unhappy with something, but it does not concern her. In some cases, she rebuffed the attacks of both relatives and simply curious people.

For some time, she fenced herself off from everyone, created her own little cozy world, where there is only she and her unborn baby. And it has borne fruit.

The husband did not understand what was going on at first. Then he relented and left her alone. Sometimes he took something to cook or do around the house.

Children, two boys, accustomed to the fact that everyone revolves only around them, realized that now everything will be different. And it did them good, gradually diminished selfishness.

Withstood!

I don’t know whether relatives in recent months have simply gotten used to the idea of ​​the appearance of a child, or they gave up when they saw Nadina’s resilience, her inner core. But after the birth of Marisha, everyone pretended that everything was fine, as if those terrible months had not happened. However, Nadezhda had a residue in her soul ...

Grandmothers showed interest in their granddaughter, and dad felt a real surge of vitality! For him, the birth of his fourth child was a kind of shake-up. She stimulated him, including in terms of earnings.

He found a more profitable place and began to earn decently. Now they had enough for themselves with their sons, and for the baby, and even for the help of their eldest daughter, who married again.

It seems that everything ended well, but did the husband, mother, mother-in-law think about what Nadia experienced? How much strength, both physical and moral, did she need to survive in the conditions that her closest people created for her?

Now Marina is already a schoolgirl and everyone in her is doting - parents, brothers, and grandmothers. But it might not have been...

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On the birth of the fourth baby, people with material security can usually decide. After all, this is another crisis moment in the family.

More often this pregnancy is planned, which means that the woman prepares for it in advance. Pregnancy goes along already known, beaten paths.

However, repeated pregnancies, childbirth and the postpartum period differ in some features.

The fourth pregnancy usually goes well, without obvious toxicosis, although the body of each woman is individual.

But still there are significant differences between the first pregnancies and subsequent ones.

After 35 years, there is a possibility of manifestation of late toxicosis of pregnancy and the development of diseases such as pyelonephritis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus.
- with repeated pregnancies, the likelihood of developing anemia and varicose veins is high.
- overstretching of the abdominal muscles. Babies during repeated pregnancies usually weigh more than during previous ones. Therefore, a woman is stronger, feels heaviness and pain in the lower back and sacrum, in the lower abdomen.
- failure of the pelvic floor muscles, a relaxed ligamentous apparatus due to stretching or tearing of the muscles and ligaments of the pelvic floor due to past births can manifest itself in the form of urine leakage when laughing, coughing.
- low location of the placenta. The reason is usually the "worn out" uterine mucosa by previous births or abortions.
- failure of the pelvic floor muscles. This can cause hemorrhoids, urinary incontinence both during pregnancy and in the postpartum period.
- Rhesus conflict. With each new pregnancy, the risk of developing antibodies increases.
- prolongation of pregnancy. Due to the overstretching of the uterus, the body becomes less sensitive to hormones, which, acting on the uterus, start its contraction, and the onset of labor is delayed.

childbirth

The fourth birth is usually quicker and easier. Reduced birth trauma due to the good stretching of the tissues of the perineum.

Quick delivery. In the fourth birth, a softer opening of the uterine os is characteristic, a fairly rapid course of the birth process as a whole. Childbirth can be fleeting (up to 4 hours), so they can catch a woman anywhere: at work, on the street, in transport.

postpartum period

Bleeding. Due to a decrease in uterine contractility in the postpartum period, bleeding may occur.
The tendency to lethargy of the uterus may be present in the future, which leads to a delay in the uterine cavity of postpartum discharge. Against this background, inflammatory processes of the inner lining of the uterus develop.

Of course, the fourth pregnancy and childbirth is not an easy test. But knowing the features of repeated pregnancies and childbirth, as well as the experience of bearing and giving birth, allows a woman to more confidently go through the process of childbirth and easily recover in the postpartum period.

When is the 4th week of pregnancy - is it felt? How does the expectant mother feel? There are many questions at this time. After all, every day counts.

Calculations using different methods

When doctors work with pregnant patients, they do not go into the details of ovulation and the day of conception. The gestational age will be calculated by the obstetric method: from the first day of the last menstruation.

By the embryonic method, the period is considered from the estimated ovulation and is “late” by two weeks in comparison with the obstetric period.

Sometimes women consider the period from the moment of delay. Then the fourth week will mean the eighth obstetric or sixth embryonic. Is it easy to get confused? Then it's better to stick to the medical point of view. After all, the expectant mother will have to communicate with doctors quite often.

Fruit size: more than one cell

As soon as the sperm fertilizes the egg, the rapid division of the zygote begins. If you think about it, it's a miracle. One single cell forms many others. They are completely different, and their roles are different. And each cell "knows" where to be and what to do.

If there is a 4th obstetric week, then it is too early to talk about the fetus. The zygote gradually passes into the stage of the embryo. Now the unborn child is an almost invisible ball of cells, which scientists call morula. Under a microscope, it will look like a berry covered with “pimples”. If the fixation of the morula in the uterine cavity has not yet occurred, it will certainly take place. And then the real cellular magic begins.

How is the embryo arranged?

The size of the future fetus at the 4th obstetric week is comparable to a “poppy seed”. Its weight is about 0.5 g, and its height is 0.36-1 mm. However, this is literally momentary data. The embryo grows rapidly due to constant cell division.

Embryo structure

Physicians often use the concept of a germinal disk, which is formed by germ layers. These are special layers of cells:

• the inner layer (endoderm) will give rise to the digestive tract, liver and lungs, as well as the pancreas;
• the middle layer (mesoderm) is the future kidneys, muscles, heart and blood vessels, as well as the baby's skeleton;
• the outer layer (ectoderm) is responsible for the formation of the nervous system, head (including eyes, teeth and hair), and skin.

Extra-embryonic organs

It is also a miracle of nature that a single fertilized cell, when divided, provides the baby with everything necessary. Including full meals. This is done by the so-called extra-embryonic organs. There are three of them:

• chorion: a kind of hairy sac that will later become the placenta;
• amnion is the future fetal bladder, a strong “packaging” of the fetus;
• The yolk sac is the source of nutrition for the embryo.

The last extra-embryonic organ is especially important. It is its dysfunction or pathology that can lead to miscarriage. Based on the condition of the yolk sac, the ultrasound specialist will obtain some important information about the pregnancy and the embryo.

Scientists have established a curious fact: the male genes of the embryo are “responsible” for the external germinal organs. We can say that the function of the breadwinner and protector lies at the deepest levels of the human being.

Future mom

In the fourth obstetric week, a woman may still not know anything. The active development of the zygote in the female body can either give the first signs of pregnancy, or not at all affect the condition of the expectant mother.

Feel

If a woman is planning a pregnancy, she is full of expectations. The main question now is: did it work or not?? At the 4th obstetric week, the mother's feelings are more emotional.

Physically, a woman may feel a slight malaise. There may be slight weakness, barely noticeable discomfort in the lower abdomen, drowsiness. This condition is almost the same in early pregnancy and on the eve of menstruation.

But the sensitivity of the breast and nipples can increase markedly. The mammary glands sometimes swell from the first days after conception. Also, by the end of the fourth week, the expectant mother may well have the first ones. In this case, someone will simply empty the refrigerator, and someone will run to the store for something “delicious”, special. It may be the other way around: nausea will come, and you will not want to eat at all.

External changes

Even in the fourth week, a woman's waist can increase by 1-2 cm. If all the clothes are tight, a woman will definitely notice this. The main thing is to react correctly. If pregnancy is not planned, the expectant mother may not recognize her condition. Then she will rush to the gym or to a nutritionist. That's why it's important to protect yourself well. And if pregnancy is allowed, you need to be careful. Then even small symptoms will give the right clue.

The expectant mother can be a little "weighty". Weight gain in the early stages is explained, like many other things, by hormonal changes. It, in combination with early toxicosis, sometimes leads to a small weight loss. If the well-being of the expectant mother is good at the same time, you should not worry.

Vaginal discharge

In the normal course of pregnancy, the next menstruation will not come. If for some reason the zygote cannot gain a foothold in the uterus, menstruation will come. In this case, they do not talk about a miscarriage. Often women do not even know that they could become future mothers.

If pregnancy is confirmed, bleeding is an alarm. You should urgently contact the doctors.

implantation bleeding - These are very slight bloody or brown discharge. One or two smears are possible when the embryo is fixed in the uterine cavity.

The female body uses mucous secretions to create a special protective plug. She literally clogs the cervix and comes out normal only before childbirth.

A woman will have to be examined if the mucous discharge is unusual:

• with an unpleasant odor;
• yellow;
• too abundant;
• thick and white;
• similar to cottage cheese flakes.

Ways to confirm pregnancy

How soon can the expectant mother be convinced of her new condition? How long will it take to get the most accurate result? It all depends on the method.

Pharmacy test: will it show or not?

Some modern tests are able to recognize pregnancy even before the delay. Therefore, if the gestational age is 4 weeks, the test can be applied if there is no patience. And yet it is better to wait until the first day of the expected period. The result will be more reliable.

ultrasound

At the beginning of the fourth obstetric week, the study is unlikely to help. But in the end, on high-quality equipment, a good specialist will already see something. It will be a uterus with a thick layer of endometrium and an embryo - a small black dot. If a woman has previously had an ectopic pregnancy, a specialist doctor will definitely check the entire female system.

Blood test for hCG

The level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during pregnancy increases. Therefore, a blood test at the end of the 4th week will help confirm that conception was successful.

A visit to the doctor: is it time or can we wait?

Modern women are often very busy. Work, family life and hobbies take a lot of time. But now the expectant mother will have to take care of two at once.

In the fourth obstetric week, it is too early to register. The pregnancy itself may not yet be confirmed. But if there is already a positive result, you can go for a consultation. What will the doctor do?

1. He will examine the woman and externally assess her general condition.
2. Collect primary data.
3. He will prescribe a suitable vitamin complex and folic acid preparations.

If the conception was planned and took place under the supervision of doctors, the woman will visit her doctor anyway. The doctor will confirm a successful conception and prescribe measures to preserve the pregnancy. This is especially important if the patient has already had miscarriages.

What to look out for

It's amazing how many aspects of life will have to be evaluated differently when pregnancy comes. Special recommendations for expectant mothers should be followed as early as possible. If this has not happened before the 4th week, it is time to pay attention to many things.

Nutrition

Completeness and balance: these are the main requirements. Unloading days are now in the past. And it is also desirable to abandon canned food, semi-finished products and fast food.

When preparing meat dishes, it is important to monitor the absence of fat. Fish, on the contrary, can be consumed fatty varieties. Is there a contradiction here? Actually - none. Fatty fish contains many useful organic acids, which are completely absent in animal fat. It should be noted: we are not talking about frying in oil. It’s just that some types of fish live in cold seas and oceans, so they acquire a fatty layer for their own warmth. The most famous are salmon, trout and salmon.

If you want sweets, then marshmallows or marshmallows are better than chocolate or cake..

Vegetables and fruits are indispensable components of the "pregnant diet". They can be eaten fresh, boiled or stewed. Plus cereals and dairy products.

Future mothers often ask: what, now nothing “such” is possible at all? And if you really, to the point of dizziness, want sprats, chili compote or chips? If we approach diet issues strictly, then there is only one answer: yes, nothing “such” is really possible. But if some food, even “harmful”, will help the expectant mother cope with nausea or cheer up, then why not? Only it is better to use unwanted foods in microdoses. A pack of chips is “stretched” for a week, and canned food is not eaten with a tablespoon straight from the can.

There is only one absolute “taboo”: alcohol for the expectant mother is strictly contraindicated! And it doesn’t matter how many “degrees” are in the drink. All kinds of homemade liqueurs are also alcohol, albeit as natural as possible. The best strategy for a mom-to-be is to completely avoid alcohol.

Food poisoning is dangerous for the unborn baby. Therefore, it is very important to secure your diet in the 4th week of pregnancy. No need to try exotic dishes and products at this time. The body may not accept them and react with a gastrointestinal upset. And not only the expectant mother will suffer, but also the embryo. Right now he is very unstable to any negative influences.

Protection from harmful factors

The body of a future mother can be very vulnerable. Some protective mechanisms at the 4th obstetric week have not yet been formed. Therefore, it is very important:

• quit smoking yourself and stay away from people who smoke;
• be careful during epidemics of viral infections;
• monitor your mood and let only positive emotions into your life;
• avoid abrupt climate change.

Additional measures

Stretch marks can seriously spoil both the appearance of the skin and the mood of a woman. One of the skin protection measures is olive oil. It is recommended to rub it into problem areas even before the tummy begins to grow.

Pregnancy and sex

At the 4th obstetric week, the couple may not yet know that someone else has already been born. Therefore, the intimate life of future parents proceeds as usual.. Some women after intimacy feel an unpleasant heaviness in the labia area.

If conception is planned and carried out under the supervision of a doctor, he may advise taking a break from sexual life. This is especially important if a woman has had miscarriages before. In rare cases, uterine contractions during orgasm can prevent the embryo from fully establishing itself in the uterine cavity.

In all other cases, with good health, the couple has no obstacles to sex. There is one psychological moment. Perhaps, over time, the intimate feelings of the expectant mother will change. She may experience awkwardness, discomfort, or simply fear when close to the man she loves. It is highly advisable to warn your partner about this. The future father must be ready and patient. At the slightest negativity in intimate life, a woman should not withdraw into herself, consider sex as a duty and obligation. The father of the child will certainly feel the tension. Without knowing the true cause, problems in family life are possible. Therefore, mutual love, respect, attention and frankness are especially important now.

Abortion

In the fourth obstetric week, the concept of miscarriage is used extremely rarely. In most cases, a woman does not have time to accurately confirm pregnancy or even fully realize her condition. Therefore, for many, bleeding during a miscarriage is equal to monthly.

Some symptoms may indicate a possible interruption.

1. It hurts and pulls the stomach. It's pain, not mild discomfort.
2. Bleeding is profuse, sometimes with clots.
3. Blood discharge is brown.

But even all of the listed signs do not always signal that a miscarriage has occurred or spontaneous abortion.

Abortion can also be intentional. Every woman has a right to this. However, the decision must be responsible. Nothing can be done in a state of nervous breakdown, out of fear or in revenge on someone. Modern medicine tries to spare women under any circumstances. But no one has yet canceled the adverse physical and psychological consequences of abortion.

Grand total of the 4th week

1. The fourth obstetric week may be the time to confirm pregnancy.
2. The embryo is not just dividing, but the functional distribution of cells.
3. The first, barely noticeable signs and symptoms of pregnancy appear.

The lifestyle of a pregnant woman in the fourth week will largely determine the further development of a tiny creature - the unborn baby.

Video guide: 4 weeks pregnant: what is happening, symptoms, sensations, signs

Until recently, it was fashionable in a Russian family to have 1-2 children. Parents decided on a maximum of two kids for various reasons: the unstable situation in the country, low living standards, unemployment. Now, thanks to all sorts of benefits for large families, parents want to have more than 3-4 children. For such families, the first places in the queue for kindergarten, preferential education, lower rents are now provided ... As a rule, the fourth pregnancy is an important event, this is the time when a woman is already over thirty and she looks at the whole situation differently. Pregnancy with the fourth baby of an already large mother has its own characteristics, the knowledge of which will not interfere with every woman.

The course of the fourth pregnancy

As mentioned above, mothers of four children are most often women over thirty or even forty years old. And this fact can be called one of the problems of pregnancy. Why? This is due to the fact that by this age most women have all kinds of chronic diseases of the heart, gastrointestinal tract, thyroid gland and genital organs. Of course, it cannot be argued that all this will negatively affect the course of pregnancy and the normal growth and development of the baby. To be sure of a favorable course of pregnancy, you should undergo a comprehensive examination in advance and make sure that not a single "sore" will disturb either the mother or the baby.

Possible problems

The next problem that can take the future “quad” mother by surprise is the possibility of a child showing congenital malformations. Therefore, when planning a fourth child, you should consult with a geneticist about future plans, and do not forget to undergo all routine screening examinations during pregnancy.

The venous system of a woman also suffers with age. Changes in this area can provoke the appearance of hemorrhoids, varicose veins. Moreover, these "pleasures" can also affect those ladies who could never even imagine what all this means. To prevent such diseases during planning and already during pregnancy, you should constantly check the level of hemoglobin in the blood and the amount of iron content in it.

The muscles of the abdomen and pelvis by the fourth pregnancy are already losing their "girlish" appearance. Therefore, in order to avoid problems with the lower back and prevent the appearance of stretch marks, you should stock up on a bandage for pregnant women. It will help reduce the load on the lower back and alleviate the condition of the woman.

Another feature of the fourth pregnancy is that in most of these cases, the placenta is located close to the pharynx, sometimes even overlapping it. This happens due to the depletion of the uterine mucosa. If you see an obstetrician in a timely manner and follow his recommendations, this situation will not turn into anything bad. Sometimes this kind of phenomenon is an indication for a caesarean section. Sometimes artificial delivery is also prescribed because of the large fetus expected compared to previous pregnancies.

Harbingers of the fourth birth:

• Shortly before childbirth, "abdominal prolapse" occurs. If the baby's head is pointing down, then during this process it is, as it were, fixed or, in medical terms, inserted into the small pelvis. The upper part of the uterus also shifts downward and no longer presses so hard on the lungs and stomach. At this time, many women notice changes in their breathing: it is much easier for them to absorb air! In some pregnant women, the navel may begin to protrude at this time.
• There may be a slight increase in vaginal discharge. Some moms are worried that it might be amniotic fluid leaking. Special tests will help clarify the situation.
• There are also changes in the cervix. Only an obstetrician-gynecologist can diagnose the approach of childbirth on this basis.
• A sharp decrease in weight also promises an early birth. This is due to the reduction in swelling. So, if a couple of days ago the gum of the socks left a mark on the leg, but now it is gone, you should prepare packages for the hospital: the meeting with the fourth baby is just around the corner!
• The discharge of the mucous plug is a sign of the upcoming birth. For some women in labor, it comes out only during delivery, so even mothers of three children can be surprised by the mucus they see on their underwear.
• Change in the posture and gait of a woman. A pregnant woman, roughly speaking, begins to walk like a duck, waddling from side to side.
• Frequent urination and loose stools are usually signs of self-purification of the body. This happens already 1-2 days before birth.

Features of the fourth birth

As a rule, the fourth birth is much easier and faster than previous deliveries. This is due to the fact that the body that has already passed several births is able to quickly adapt to the birth of a newborn. In such cases, the pelvic muscles have a more elastic appearance, and the birth canal opens more easily. This situation has a beneficial effect on both the mother and the child. It is worth noting that it is the third, fourth and subsequent children in the family that are more protected from the fate of receiving injuries during childbirth.

But not everything is always so perfect with repeated births. Stretched muscles may contribute to a longer duration of postpartum hemorrhage than in nulliparous women. But in no case should you set yourself up for a bad set of circumstances. All modern maternity hospitals in the country are equipped with high-quality equipment and the required tools to eliminate the possible manifestation of complications, to conduct a successful birth without injury to the baby and mother.

In some cases, a woman in labor for the fourth time may be given stimulation. Why is it necessary? Often, during the third and subsequent births, there may be a lack of proper contractions and attempts, which are so important for a quick delivery. The absence of contractions can cause a lack of oxygen for the baby: after all, it is time for him to come out into the world, and labor is not progressing. Therefore, to eliminate complications, stimulation is prescribed. Of course, these are all only possible courses of childbirth and it is not a fact that such a situation will happen again in a particular case. You need to go to childbirth with full confidence in yourself and the successful course of labor, and experienced specialists will do everything to facilitate the work of the woman in labor and provide proper care.

After the fourth birth

In women who have given birth several times, the uterus contracts more slowly. Therefore, frequent visits to a gynecologist are required to avoid the development of bleeding, an inflammatory process. Sometimes “multi-moms” are prescribed special drugs for better contraction of the uterus.

The best news for a woman in labor is that a woman who has become a mother for the fourth time often arrives already on the first day after the birth of a baby.

Any pregnancy is a great happiness for the family. Whatever it is in the account, one must rejoice at such a gift and accept it properly.

Pregnancy is a physiological process in which a new human organism develops in the uterus of a woman, resulting from fertilization.

Pregnancy in women lasts on average 280 days(40 weeks, which corresponds to 9 calendar months or 10 lunar months). Pregnancy is also usually divided into 3 trimesters of 3 calendar months each.

Signs of early pregnancy

In the early stages, the diagnosis of pregnancy is established on the basis of doubtful and probable signs.

Doubtful signs of pregnancy- various kinds of subjective sensations, as well as objectively determined changes in the body, outside the internal genital organs: taste whims, changes in olfactory sensations, easy fatigue, drowsiness, pigmentation of the skin on the face, along the white line of the abdomen, nipples and areola.

Possible signs of pregnancy- objective signs from the genitals, mammary glands and when setting up biological reactions to pregnancy. These include: the cessation of menstruation in women of childbearing age, an increase in the mammary glands and the appearance of colostrum when squeezed out of the nipples, cyanosis of the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix, a change in the shape and consistency of the uterus, an increase in its size.

You can first verify the presence of pregnancy at home using a rapid test for the content of the hormone chorionic gonadotropin in the urine of a woman (the test is carried out from the first day of delaying the next menstruation).

Confirm the fact of pregnancy allows.

Changes in the body of a pregnant woman

Numerous and complex changes occur in a woman's body during pregnancy. These physiological changes create conditions for intrauterine development of the fetus, prepare the woman's body for the birth act and breastfeeding of the newborn. Menstruation stops, mammary glands increase in volume, nipples darken.

Many pregnant women in the first trimester experience nausea, sometimes vomiting - these symptoms are commonly called. Weakness, drowsiness, heartburn, drooling, changes in taste, and frequent urination often occur. These disturbances of well-being are characteristic of a healthy and normal pregnancy.

Particularly large changes occur in the female genital organs. The uterus increases with each, the blood supply to the internal and external genital organs increases. The tissues swell, acquire elasticity, which contributes to their better stretching during childbirth. In the mammary glands, the number and volume of glandular lobules increase, their blood supply increases, they become tense, from the nipples. There is a sharp increase in the amount of gonadotropic hormones, as well as estrogens and progesterone, produced first by the corpus luteum (a temporary gland formed at the site of the follicle from which the mature egg came out) and then. Hormones secreted by the corpus luteum (progesterone and, to a lesser extent, estrogens) contribute to the creation of conditions for the proper development of pregnancy. The corpus luteum undergoes reverse development after the fourth month in connection with the formation of the hormonal function of the placenta.

For the management of pregnancy, it is necessary (3-4 weeks after the delay of menstruation), where the doctor conducts an examination and examination of the external and internal genital organs, and, if necessary, additional examinations are prescribed.

Sex organs during pregnancy

Uterus. During pregnancy, the size, shape, position, consistency and reactivity (excitability) of the uterus changes. The uterus gradually enlarges throughout pregnancy. The increase in the uterus occurs mainly due to hypertrophy of the muscle fibers of the uterus; at the same time, there is a reproduction of muscle fibers, the growth of newly formed muscle elements of the mesh-fibrous and argyrophilic "frame" of the uterus.

The uterus is not only a fetal place that protects the fetus from adverse external influences, but also a metabolic organ that provides the fetus with enzymes, complex compounds necessary for the plastic processes of a rapidly developing fetus.

Vagina during pregnancy, it lengthens, expands, the folds of the mucous membrane protrude sharper. The external genitalia loosen during pregnancy.

Lifestyle of a pregnant woman, regimen, nutrition and hygiene

The developing fetus receives all the necessary nutrients from the mother. The well-being of the fetus depends entirely on the health of the mother, the conditions of her work, rest, the state of the nervous and endocrine systems.

Pregnant women are exempt from night duty, heavy physical work, work associated with body vibration or adverse effects on the body of chemical agents. substances. During pregnancy, sudden movements, heavy lifting and significant fatigue should be avoided. A pregnant woman needs to sleep at least 8 hours a day. Walking before bed is recommended.

A pregnant woman must be carefully protected from infectious diseases that pose a particular danger to the body of the pregnant woman and the fetus.

During pregnancy, it is necessary to carefully monitor the cleanliness of the skin. Cleanliness of the skin contributes to the removal of metabolic products harmful to the body with sweat.

A pregnant woman should wash her external genitalia twice a day with warm water and soap. Douching during pregnancy should be administered with great caution.

During pregnancy, you should carefully monitor the condition of the oral cavity and make the necessary.

The mammary glands should be washed daily with warm water and soap and wiped with a towel. These methods prevent cracked nipples and mastitis. If, then they should be massaged.

maternity clothes should be comfortable and free: you should not wear tightening belts, tight bras, etc. In the second half of pregnancy, it is recommended to wear a bandage that should support the stomach, but not squeeze it.

A pregnant woman should wear shoes with low heels.