Statistics of AIDS patients. Official statistics of HIV and AIDS in Russia Number of AIDS patients

Among the problem regions, the leaders are the Irkutsk and Samara regions with 1.7 and 1.6% of HIV-infected people, respectively. Next come: Sverdlovsk region (1.6%), Kemerovo region (1.5%), Orenburg region (1.2%), Leningrad region (1.2%), Chelyabinsk region (1%), St. Petersburg (1%), Tyumen region (1%; including autonomous okrugs).

“The number of people infected with HIV in the Urals is not something out of the ordinary,” confirms the director of the federal AIDS center, Vadim Pokrovsky, who was the first to report the HIV epidemic in Russia in May 2015. In his opinion, in the 1990s, large quantities of injecting drugs were brought into “relatively prosperous” cities, which led to an outbreak of HIV infection among drug addicts. Later, the infection spread to the rest of the population, the expert explains. The expert lists such cities as Irkutsk, Samara, Togliatti (in this city, according to Pokrovsky, 3% of the population is infected), Chelyabinsk and St. Petersburg.

Regions with megacities are the most problematic, agrees Andrey Skvortsov, coordinator of the Patient Control movement. Official data for some cities, for example, St. Petersburg, may be underestimated by three times, RBC's interlocutor is sure (according to official data, there are 53.3 thousand HIV-infected people out of a population of 5.2 million in the city).

It is difficult to say in which region they hide official statistics and in which they do not, notes Maxim Malyshev, coordinator of street social work at the Andrei Rylkov Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Social Justice. “The situation is bad in all regions - some more, some less. However, there are historically established places where the statistics are always higher - Yekaterinburg, Kurgan, other Siberian cities,” he points out.

At risk

Today, the drug method of HIV transmission is gradually disappearing, says Pokrovsky. According to the Federal AIDS Center, 48% of infections occur in heterosexual relationships. “It has to do with serial monogamy. People do not live long with one person, but constantly change partners. If at least one HIV-infected person gets into this chain, then everyone becomes infected,” Pokrovsky believes.

The main methods of combating the epidemic are: effective prevention programs, the introduction of sex education in schools and substitution therapy for drug addicts. “In France or Germany, replacement therapy is legal and there are ten times fewer infected people. In the meantime, we have a conservative approach, whose supporters raise a terrible howl and call for them to go their own way, the number of infected people will grow. First we need to stop the epidemic and only then promote a healthy lifestyle,” the expert sums up.

Prevention measures

Russia will be saved by condoms, modern drugs for treating HIV, publicly available information, free tests to determine one’s status and harm reduction programs for drug addicts, lists Skvortsov from Patient Control. “For a long time, the problem of the spread of HIV as a shameful disease was kept silent. Just this year, some campaigns for free HIV testing began. The situation needs to be corrected urgently,” he points out.

First of all, Skvortsov believes, it is necessary to provide 100% of registered HIV patients with antiretroviral therapy - lifelong maintenance therapy for people with the human immunodeficiency virus, blocking the spread of infection. For the convenience of patients, the state should purchase combination drugs containing several active ingredients. This reduces the chances that an HIV-infected person will stop taking therapy due to the large number of pills, Skvortsov points out.

Secondly, it is necessary to introduce harm reduction programs for drug addicts in Russia. “Russian officials believe that such programs are simply distributing methadone to drug addicts. But that's not true. Harm reduction programs are a set of measures aimed at identifying an injection drug user, giving him the opportunity to take all tests, provide legal support and help in rehabilitation,” says the expert.

First of all, prevention must be introduced among risk groups, believes Malyshev from the Rylkov Foundation. “Now there is almost no street work - there is no distribution of syringes or condoms. In Russia, only 26 organizations are engaged in real prevention, and several of them are recognized as foreign agents and are not allowed to work at all,” he said.

Today, five non-profit organizations specializing in the problems of HIV infection in Russia are recognized as foreign agents, RBC has found out. These are the Perm NGO "Sibalt", the Saratov "Socium", the Penza "Panacea" and two Moscow organizations - "Esvero" and the Andrey Rylkov Foundation.

In 2016, the Russian government allocated an additional 2.3 billion rubles to the Ministry of Health. for the purchase of antiviral drugs for the prevention and treatment of HIV-infected people. The corresponding order was signed by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. According to it, the Sverdlovsk region will receive the largest amount among the regions - 260.6 million rubles. October 25 government, which has not yet provided money to combat the spread of HIV.

The plague of the 20th century is gathering its “harvest” in the current century, and its results are very disastrous. According to the Ministry of Health, the total number of HIV-infected people in Russia as of January 1 of this year was more than 1.5 million people, and to this figure we must add more than 100 thousand temporarily living foreigners infected with HIV. At the same time, at the beginning of this year, every fifth HIV-infected person died, not necessarily from AIDS, but also from drug overdose, suicide, accidents and domestic violence. According to the conclusion of the main ideologist on HIV in the Russian Federation, Academician Pokrovsky, in almost half (45%) of deaths from infectious diseases, HIV is the main cause of death. A FederalPress correspondent looked into these disappointing statistics.

Since 2006, the country has seen an annual increase in the number of new cases of HIV infection by an average of 10% per year. At the same time, 22 constituent entities of the Russian Federation account for 50% of the total number of new cases of HIV infection. Here are the six “leading regions” in terms of the increase in HIV-infected people in 2016: Moscow - 10,248 people, St. Petersburg - 7,385 people, Yekaterinburg - 5,874 people, Moscow region - 3,718 people, Krasnoyarsk Territory - 4,124 people. , Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – 1662 people.

Risk groups are swelling before our eyes

The current epidemiological situation is worsening due to the spread of HIV infection beyond established high-risk groups, which traditionally included drug addicts, priestesses of love and their clients, as well as people with non-traditional sexual orientation. Today, according to the Ministry of Health classification, the so-called vulnerable and especially vulnerable groups of the population are also involved in the deadly orbit of this disease. The first include street children, young people addicted to new drugs, pregnant women, homeless people, health workers and migrants. The second group includes prisoners and persons in custody. Along with the increase in the number of infected people, doctors note a simultaneous increase in the development of complications and deaths from diseases associated with HIV infection.

As a result, the number of people tested for HIV infection in the country increases every year. In 2015, 28.3 million Russian citizens and about 2 million foreign citizens underwent medical examination for this disease. It is especially worth noting that migration is one of the unfavorable factors in the spread of HIV infection, and the numbers directly indicate this. Compared to 2013, the number of cases of HIV infection detected among foreign citizens in 2015 doubled.

If the average frequency of detection of HIV infection among the population in 2015 was 4.2 cases per 1000 tests performed, then for people included in traditional risk groups, detection of HIV infection is significantly higher and amounts to 51.5 cases per 1000 tests performed among consumers injection drugs and 31.1 cases per 1000 tests performed among persons in prison. However, the coverage of medical examinations for HIV infection among people who inject drugs remains low.

Drugs and unprotected sex

These two factors account for more than 90 percent of HIV infections. The priority here is transmission through the blood during injection drug use for non-medical purposes - more than 50%. About 40% of cases of HIV infection are transmitted through contact, that is, through sexual contact.

Vulnerable groups of the population are also subject to negative dynamics. Thus, an increase in the number of pregnant women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus is recorded annually. In 1987–2015 in Russia, 145,287 children were born to mothers infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, 6% of them had confirmed HIV infection. It cannot be said that the Ministry of Health is sitting idly by. Thus, from 2006 to 2015, the risk of transmission of HIV infection from mother to child decreased from 10.5% to 2.2%, which corresponds to the best international experience in preventing this type of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus.

Will the HIV strategy reverse the negative dynamics?

Just the other day, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev approved the implementation plan for the State Strategy to combat the spread of HIV infection in the Russian Federation for the period until 2020 and beyond. This is how Dmitry Morozov, Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Health Protection, commented on its main provisions:

“It is extremely important that the action plan contains such key areas as early detection of HIV infection, prevention of vertical transmission of the disease and adherence of patients and doctors to therapy according to official protocols. At the same time, it is necessary to draw the attention of the state authorities of the constituent entities to the need for strict implementation of the assigned tasks, since the quality of life of such patients depends primarily on their implementation.

The situation with the increase in the number of HIV-infected people and the provision of necessary medications to them has repeatedly become the subject of discussion by the State Duma Committee on Health Protection. In February of this year, members of the committee expressed concern about the lack of antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in a number of regions of Russia, contacting the Minister of Health and hearing a report from employees of the Ministry of Health. The plan approved by the Government of the Russian Federation is an important step in our consistent fight against a serious threat, which will provide a system of support for patients in the country.”

The expert channel “FederalPress” published a study in which it studied the problems of AIDS across the entire country. . It turned out that the immunodeficiency virus scourges not only the Urals - it mows down the population of all regions without exception.

Official statistics of HIV and AIDS in Russia

At the beginning of 2017 the total number of cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens has reached 1,114,815 people(there are 36.7 million HIV-infected people in the world). Of them died for different reasons 243,863 HIV-infected according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on activities for the prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identification and treatment of HIV patients.” In December 2016, 870,952 Russians were living with a diagnosis of HIV infection. As of July 1, 2017 the number of HIV-infected people in Russia was 1 167 581 people, of which 259,156 people died for various reasons ( in the 1st half of 2017 has already died 14 631 HIV-infected people, that 13.6% more than in 6 months of 2016). Population attack rate Russian Federation HIV infection in 2017 amounted to 795,3 infected with HIV per 100 thousand population of Russia.

In 2016. It revealed 103 438 new cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens (excluding those identified anonymously and foreign citizens), which is 5.3% more than in 2015. Since 2005, the country has registered an increase in the number of new identified cases of HIV infection, in 2011-2016 the annual increase averaged 10%. HIV incidence rate in 2016 made up 70.6 per 100 thousand population.

In terms of the growth rate of HIV infection, Russia has taken third place after the Republic of South Africa and Nigeria.

For the 1st half of 2017 detected in Russia 52 766 HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation. HIV incidence rate in 1st half of 2017 made up 35,9 cases of HIV infection per 100 thousand population. The most new cases in 2017 were detected in the Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, as well as in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Increasing rate of growth of new cases HIV infection in 2017(but the overall incidence of HIV infection is low) is observed in the Vologda region, Tyva, Mordovia, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Moscow, Vladimir, Tambov, Yaroslavl, Sakhalin and Kirov regions.

Growth in the total (cumulative) number of registered cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens from 1987 to 2016.

HIV in regions and cities

In 2016, according to the incidence rate in the Russian Federation The following regions and cities were in the lead:

1. Kemerovo region (228.8 new cases of HIV infection per 100 thousand population registered - total 6,217 HIV-infected), incl. in the city Kemerovo 1,876 HIV-infected.
2. Irkutsk region (163.6%000 - 3,951 HIV-infected). In 2017, 1,784 new HIV-infected people were identified in the Irkutsk region over 5 months. In 2016 in the city Irkutsk registered 2 450 new people infected with HIV, in 2017 - 1,107. Almost 2% of the population of the Irkutsk region are infected with HIV.
3. Samara region (161.5%000 - 5,189 HIV-infected, incl. in the city of Samara there are 1,201 HIV-infected people), for 7 months of 2017 - 1,184 people. (59.8%000).
4. Sverdlovsk region (156.9%000 - 6,790 HIV-infected), incl. in the city of Yekaterinburg there are 5,874 HIV-infected people (the most HIV-infected city in Russia / or are they well identified? ed./).
5. Chelyabinsk region (154.0%000 - 5,394 HIV-infected),
6. Tyumen region (150.5%000 - 2,224 people — 1.1% of the population), in the first half of 2017, 1,019 new cases of HIV infection were identified in the Tyumen region (an increase of 14.4% compared to the same period last year, then 891 HIV-infected people were registered), incl. 3 teenagers. The Tyumen region is one of the regions where HIV infection is recognized as an epidemic.
7. Tomsk region (138.0%000 - 1,489 people.),
8. Novosibirsk region (137.1%000) regions (3,786 people.), incl. in the city Novosibirsk 3 213 HIV-infected people.
9. Krasnoyarsk Territory (129.5%000 - 3,716 people.)
10. Perm region (125.1%000 - 3,294 people.)
11. Altai Territory(114.1%000 - 2,721 people.)
12. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (124.7%000 - 2,010 people)
13. Orenburg region (117.6%000 - 2,340 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 650 people. (32.7%000).
14. Omsk region (110.3%000 - 2,176 people.), for 7 months of 2017, 1184 cases were identified, the incidence rate was 59.8% 000.
15. Kurgan region (110.1%000 - 958 people.)
16. Ulyanovsk region (97.2%000 - 1,218 people.), per 1 sq. 2017 - 325 people. (25.9%000).
17. Tver region (74.0%000 - 973 people.)
18. Nizhny Novgorod region (71.1%000 - 2,309 people.) region, in 1 sq. 2017 - 613 people. (18.9%000).
19. Republic of Crimea (83.0%000 - 1,943 people),
20. Khakassia (82.7%000 - 445 people),
21. Udmurtia (75.1%000 - 1,139 people.),
22. Bashkortostan (68.3%000 - 2,778 people.), per 1 sq. 2017 - 688 people. (16.9%000).
23. Moscow (62.2%000 - 7 672 people)

Note: %000 is the number of HIV-infected people per 100 thousand population.

Leading cities in terms of the number of identified HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Samara.

The subjects of the Russian Federation most affected by HIV infection.

The most significant increase (speed, growth rate of the emergence of new HIV cases per unit of time) incidence in 2016 was observed in Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Territory, Belgorod, Yaroslavl, Arkhangelsk regions, Sevastopol, Chuvash, Kabardino-Balkarian Republics, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Samara Region and Jewish Autonomous Okrug.

Number of newly identified cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens in 1987-2016

Affection HIV infection in the Russian population as of December 31, 2016 was 594.3 per 100 thousand people. Cases of HIV infection have been registered in all regions of the Russian Federation. In 2017, the incidence rate was 795.3 per 100 thousand.

A high incidence of HIV infection (more than 0.5% of the entire population) was registered in the 30 largest and predominantly economically successful regions, where 45.3% of the country’s population lived.

Dynamics of HIV prevalence and incidence rates in the population of the Russian Federation in 1987-2016.

To the most affected subjects of the Russian Federation relate:

1. Sverdlovsk region (1647.9% of 000 people living with HIV per 100 thousand population are registered - 71354 people. In 2017, there were already about 86 thousand people infected with HIV), including in the city of Yekaterinburg More than 27,131 HIV-infected people have been registered, i.e. every 50th city resident is infected with HIV- this is a real epidemic. Serov (1454.2% 000 - 1556 people). 1.5 percent of the population of the city of Serov is infected with HIV.
2. Irkutsk region (1636.0%000 - 39473 people). Total number of HIV-infected people identified at the beginning 2017— 49,494 people, at the beginning of June (almost six months) 2017 51,278 people diagnosed with HIV infection are registered. IN city ​​of Irkutsk Over the entire period, more than 31,818 people were identified.
3. Kemerovo region (1582.5% 000 - 43000 people), including in the city of Kemerovo More than 10,125 patients with HIV infection are registered.
4. Samara region (1476.9% 000 - 47350 people),
5. Orenburg region (1217.0% 000 - 24276 people) regions,
6. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (1201.7% 000 - 19550 people),
7. Leningrad region (1147.3% 000 - 20410 people),
8. Tyumen region (1085.4% 000 - 19768 people), as of July 1, 2017 - 20787 people.
9. Chelyabinsk region (1079.6% 000 - 37794 people),
10. Novosibirsk region (1021.9% 000 - 28227 people) regions. As of May 19, 2017 in the city of Novosibirsk More than 34 thousand HIV-infected people are registered - every 47 residents of Novosibirsk have HIV (!).
11. Perm region (950.1% 000 - 25030 people),
12. St. Petersburg (978.6% 000 - 51140 people),
13. Ulyanovsk region (932.5% 000 - 11,728 people),
14. Republic of Crimea (891.4%000 - 17000 people),
15. Altai Territory (852.8% 000 - 20268 people),
16. Krasnoyarsk Territory (836.4% 000 - 23970 people),
17. Kurgan region (744.8% 000 - 6419 people),
18. Tver region (737.5% 000 - 9622 people),
19. Tomsk region (727.4% 000 - 7832 people),
20. Ivanovo region (722.5% 000 - 7440 people),
21. Omsk region (644.0% 000 - 12,741 people), as of August 1, 2017, 16,099 cases of HIV infection were registered, the incidence rate is 813.7% 000.
22. Murmansk region (638.2% 000 - 4864 people),
23. Moscow region (629.3% 000 - 46056 people),
24. Kaliningrad region (608.4% 000 - 5941 people).
25. Moscow (413.0%000 - 50909 people)

Age structure

Highest level of infection HIV infection of the population is observed in the group 30-39 years old, 2.8% of Russian men aged 35-39 years lived with an established diagnosis of HIV infection. Women become infected with HIV at a younger age; already in the age group of 25-29 years, about 1% were infected with HIV; the proportion of infected women in the age group of 30-34 years is even higher - 1.6%.

Over the past 15 years, the age structure among newly diagnosed patients has radically changed. In 2000, 87% of patients received a diagnosis of HIV infection before age 30. Adolescents and young people aged 15-20 years accounted for 24.7% of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection in 2000; as a result of the annual decrease in 2016, this group amounted to only 1.2%.

Age and gender of HIV-infected people.

HIV infection was predominantly detected in Russians aged 30-40 years (46.9%) and 40-50 years (19.9%), the share of young people aged 20-30 decreased to 23.2%. An increase in the proportion of newly identified cases was also observed in older age groups, and cases of sexually transmitted HIV infection in old age have become more frequent.

It should be noted that when low level of testing coverage among adolescents and young people, more than 1,100 cases of HIV infection are registered annually among people aged 15-20 years. According to preliminary data largest number of HIV-infected adolescents (15-17 years old) was registered in 2016 in Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Samara regions, Altai, Perm, Krasnoyarsk territories and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main cause of HIV infection among adolescents is unprotected sexual contact with an HIV-infected partner (77% of cases among girls, 61% among boys).

Structure of the dead

In 2016, 30,550 (3.4%) patients with HIV infection died in the Russian Federation (10.8% more than in 2015) according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identification and treatment of HIV patients.” The highest annual mortality rate was recorded in the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Republic of Mordovia, the Kemerovo Region, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Ulyanovsk Region, the Republic of Adygea, the Tambov Region, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the Chuvash Republic, the Samara Region, the Primorsky Territory, the Tula Region, the Krasnodar, Perm Territories, Kurgan region.

Treatment coverage

Registered at the dispensary in specialized medical organizations in 2016 there were 675,403 patients, infected with HIV, which amounted to 77.5% of the number of 870,952 Russians living with a diagnosis of HIV infection in December 2016, according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form.

In 2016, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy in Russia, including patients who were in prison. In the 1st half of 2017 received antiretroviral therapy 298,888 patients, approximately 100,000 new patients were added to therapy in 2017 (there probably won’t be enough drugs for everyone, since the purchases were based on 2016 figures). Treatment coverage in 2016 in the Russian Federation was 32.8% of the number of registered persons diagnosed with HIV infection; among those undergoing dispensary observation, 42.3% of patients were covered by antiretroviral therapy. The achieved treatment coverage does not serve as a preventive measure and does not allow to radically reduce the rate of spread of the disease. The number of patients with active tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection is growing; the largest number of such patients is registered in the regions of the Urals and Siberia.

HIV testing coverage

In 2016 in Russia there was tested for HIV 30,752,828 blood samples of Russian citizens and 2,102,769 blood samples of foreign citizens. The total number of tested serum samples from Russian citizens increased by 8.5% compared to 2015, and among foreign citizens decreased by 12.9%.

In 2016, the maximum number of positive immunoblot results in Russians was detected in the entire history of observation - 125,416 (in 2014 - 121,200 positive results). The number of positive results in the immunoblot includes those identified anonymously, not included in the statistical data, and children with an undifferentiated diagnosis of HIV infection, and therefore differs significantly from the number of new registered cases of HIV infection.

For the first time, 103,438 patients tested positive for HIV. Representatives of vulnerable groups of the population in 2016 made up a small part of those screened for HIV in Russia - 4.7%, but 23% of all new cases of HIV infection were identified among these groups. When testing even a small number of representatives of these groups, it is possible to identify many patients: in 2016, among the examined drug users, 4.3% were diagnosed as HIV-positive for the first time, among MSM - 13.2%, among contact persons during an epidemiological investigation - 6.4%, prisoners - 2.9%, patients with STIs - 0.7%.

Transmission Path Structure

In 2016, the role of sexual transmission of HIV infection increased significantly. According to preliminary data, among HIV-positive people newly identified in 2016 with established risk factors for infection, 48.8% became infected through drug use with non-sterile equipment, 48.7% through heterosexual contact, 1.5% through homosexual contact, -0. 45% were children infected from mothers during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. The number of children infected through breastfeeding is growing: 59 such children were registered in 2016, 47 in 2015, and 41 in 2014. In 2016, 16 cases of suspected infection were registered in medical organizations due to the use of non-sterile medical instruments and 3 cases of transfusion of blood components from donors to recipients. Another 4 new cases of HIV infection in children were likely associated with the provision of medical care in the CIS countries.

Distribution of HIV-infected people by mode of infection.

conclusions

1. In the Russian Federation in 2016, the HIV epidemic situation continued to worsen and the trend continues in 2017, which may even affect the resumption of the global HIV epidemic, which, according to the UN report in July 2016, has declined.
2. The incidence of HIV infection remained high, the total number and number of deaths of HIV-infected people increased, and the spread of the epidemic from vulnerable groups to the general population intensified.
3. If the current rate of spread of HIV infection continues and there are no adequate systemic measures to prevent its spread, the prognosis for the development of the situation remains unfavorable.
4. It is necessary to intensify organizational and preventive measures to counter the HIV epidemic in the country.

According to the report announced at the Fifth International Conference on HIV, held in March 2016 in Moscow, the following ranking of 10 countries was compiled by the number of people infected with AIDS. The incidence of AIDS in these countries is so high that it has the status of an epidemic.

AIDS– acquired immune deficiency syndrome due to HIV infection. It is the last stage of the disease of an HIV-infected person, accompanied by the development of infection, tumor manifestations, general weakness and ultimately leads to death.

10th place. Zambia

1.2 million patients out of 14 million population. Therefore, it is not surprising that the average life expectancy there is 38 years.

9th place. Russia

In 2016, in Russia, the number of people infected with AIDS exceeded 1 million people according to Russian health care, 1.4 million according to the EECAAC-2016 report. Moreover, the number of infected people has been actively growing over the past few years. For example: every 50th resident of Yekaterinburg is HIV positive.

In Russia, more than half of the patients became infected through a needle when injecting a drug. This route of infection is not the main route of infection for any country in the world. Why are there such statistics in Russia? Many say this is due to the shift away from the use of oral methadone as an injectable drug replacement.

Many people mistakenly believe that the problem of infection of drug addicts is only their problem; it is not so scary if the “scum of society” acquire diseases that lead to death. A person who uses drugs is not a monster who can be easily identified in a crowd. He has been leading a completely normal life for a long time. Therefore, spouses and children of drug addicts are often infected. Cases cannot be excluded when infection occurs in clinics and beauty salons after poor disinfection of instruments.

Until society realizes the real threat, until casual partners stop assessing the presence of STDs by eye, until the government changes its attitude towards drug addicts, we will rapidly rise in this ranking.

8th place. Kenya

6.7% of the population of this former English colony are HIV carriers, namely 1.4 million people. Moreover, the infection rate is higher among women, since the social level of the female population is low in Kenya. Perhaps the rather free morals of Kenyans also play a role - they approach sex easily.

7th place. Tanzania

Of the 49 million population of this African country, just over 5% (1.5 million) have AIDS. There are areas where the infection rate exceeds 10%: these are Njobe, far from tourist routes, and the capital of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam.

6th place. Uganda

The government of this country is making great efforts to combat the HIV problem. For example, if in 2011 there were 28 thousand children born with HIV, then in 2015 – 3.4 thousand. The number of new infections in adults also decreased by 50%. The 24-year-old king of Toro (one of the regions of Uganda) took control of the epidemic into his own hands and promised to stop the epidemic by 2030. There are one and a half million cases in this country.

5th place. Mozambique

More than 10% of the population (1.5 million people) are infected with HIV, and the country does not have its own resources to fight the disease. About 0.6 million children in this country are orphans due to the death of their parents from AIDS.

4th place. Zimbabwe

1.6 million infected per 13 million inhabitants. Widespread prostitution, lack of basic knowledge about contraception and general poverty led to these figures.

3rd place. India

Official figures are about 2 million patients, unofficial figures are much higher. Traditional Indian society is quite closed; many people keep silent about health problems. There is practically no educational work with young people; talking about condoms in schools is unethical. Hence, there is almost complete illiteracy in matters of contraception, which distinguishes this country from African countries, where getting condoms is not a problem. According to surveys, 60% of Indian women have never heard of AIDS.

2nd place. Nigeria

3.4 million HIV patients out of 146 million population, less than 5% of the population. The number of infected women is higher than men. Since there is no free healthcare in the country, the worst situation is in the poor.

1 place. South Africa

Country with the highest incidence of AIDS. Approximately 15% of the population is infected with the virus (6.3 million). About a quarter of high school girls already have HIV. Life expectancy is 45 years. Imagine a country where few people have grandparents. Scary? Although South Africa is recognized as the most economically developed country in Africa, most of the population lives below the poverty line. The government is doing a lot of work to curb the spread of AIDS; free condoms and testing are provided. However, poor people are convinced that AIDS is a white invention, just like condoms, and therefore both should be avoided.

Bordering South Africa, Swaziland is a country with a population of 1.2 million people, half of whom are HIV-positive. The average Swazilander does not live to be 37 years old.

HIV statistics in the worldhelps track how many suffer from this disease and find more effective ways to combat it.

What does HIV mean?

HIV infection is a disease caused by the immunodeficiency virus. The disease belongs to the category of slowly progressing. It affects the immune system, as a result of which it develops. The body loses its defenses and ability to resist diseases.

How long do people live with the immunodeficiency virus? StatisticsHIV shows that the average age is no more than 11 years. In the AIDS stage – 9 months. If the patient consults doctors in a timely manner and undergoes antiviral therapy, the life expectancy may be 70–80 years.

The patient's health status also matters. A healthy person has a better chance of a long life and successful treatment.

The virus is transmitted through single contact of damaged skin or mucous membrane with the patient’s biological fluids: blood, semen, vaginal secretions. Transmission of infection occurs:

• during an unprotected
• during manicure (through unsanitized instruments);
• during and during (from mother to child);
• when (if medical staff violates the rules for checking blood);
• while taking a dose of injecting drugs (through syringes and needles);
• when breastfeeding.

The virus cannot be transmitted through tears, saliva, insect bites, household or airborne transmission.

Data for different countries

People who inject drugs are most at risk.

Cases of illness among health workers were also recorded. HIV statistics show that the risk of infection in this category of the population is also high. In the United States alone, over the past few years, more than a hundred cases have been reported, 57 of which have been proven.

Indicators for Russia

According to the Ministry of Health, HIV statistics in our country are shocking. There is a real epidemic in Russia. In terms of growth rates in the number of sick people, the Russian Federation will soon approach those of Africa. Statistics on HIV infection in Russia allow us to conclude that 57% of infections occur among heroin addicts through dirty syringes.

WITH HIV statistics by yearreflects the number of people who died from AIDS and are still living with the immunodeficiency virus:

Regional HIV incidence statistics are off the charts where the largest drug distribution channels are located. The majority of sick citizens in 2016 were in the Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Sverdlovsk and Samara regions. There are at least 1.5 thousand sick people here for every 100,000 people.

The chart shows HIV statistics by region, showing the 10 regions with the largest number of patients.

HIV statistics in Russia show that the most people infected are in the Irkutsk region. In addition to those listed in the diagram, the most affected include the Moscow, Tomsk, Ivanovo, Omsk, Murmansk regions, and Altai Territory. This also includes St. Petersburg.

Most carriers of the virus are people aged 20 to 39 years. The main cause of infection is injection of narcotic substances with dirty syringes.

Russian HIV allows us to conclude that the largest number of cases are between the ages of 30 and 39 years. The vast majority are men. Women are most often infected under the age of 35. At the same time, the number of sick teenagers and 15 to 20 year olds has decreased. The data is shown in detail in percentages on the chart:

Routes of transmission of the disease in Russia

In Soviet times, unprotected sex with students from Africa came first. Today, statistics of people infected with HIV indicate that the largest number of sick people are among drug addicts - 48.8% of the total number of people infected. They become infected when using unsterile syringes. According to the results of studies by city, the largest number of cases among drug addicts was registered in Moscow (12–14%), St. Petersburg (30%), and Biysk (more than 70%).

The diagram shows statistics of HIV patients, displaying the main causes of infection in the USSR and modern Russia for the period from 1987 to 2016:

Indicators in the countries of the former USSR

HIV statistics in Ukraine also not comforting. In six months of 2016, 7,612 people were diagnosed. Of these, 1,365 are HIV-infected children. Statistics show that the main reason is the reduction in funding for programs to combat AIDS.

In total, there are 287,970 patients in Ukraine today. Between 1987 and 2016, almost 40,000 citizens died from AIDS. Ukraine is among the leaders in the spread of the disease in the world.The chart shows which areas are most affected by HIV:

HIV statistics in Belarusrecorded 17,605 patients as of 2017. The prevalence rate is 185.2 per 100 thousand people. population. In just 2 months of 2017, 431 citizens with the immunodeficiency virus were identified. The majority of HIV-infected people are in the Gomel, Minsk and Brest regions. For the period from 1987 to 2017. 5,044 people died of AIDS in Belarus.

In 2016, HIV statistics in Kazakhstan indicate an increase in the number of infected people. During this year, about 3 thousand carriers of the virus were identified, of which 33 patients were children under 14 years of age.

conclusions

As HIV statistics show in Russia and the CIS countries, the epidemiological situation continues to worsen. Morbidity and mortality rates are very high. It is necessary to strengthen measures to combat the disease in the country, otherwise the rate of spread will continue to grow.