When will school start. What time do lessons start in different countries? Dividing the class into groups in the lessons

For every parent whose child went to school, it is important to know what rules the educational institution is guided by when choosing a load for children. The length of the day is determined by the current provisions of SanPiN. If it is violated, responsible persons are subject to disciplinary liability or to sanctions in the form of an administrative fine. So, how long is the lesson at school When does the school day start and end?

If the schedule is generated with errors, then the institution may face impressive fines.

At the same time, both the institution itself and its head are subject to sanctions. So, the institution will have to pay 70,000 rubles, the director - 7,000 rubles (Article 6.7 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

In addition, the founder may decide to bring the management to disciplinary responsibility in the form of a remark or reprimand (Article 192 of the Labor Code of Russia).

Particular attention should be paid to the schedule. When disciplines are added to it, the standards must still be maintained and the requirements specified in SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 must be met.

Divide the class into groups in the lessons.

Classes (parallels) can be divided into groups. This event is necessary for those educational institutions that teach several languages ​​(foreign, native). The division also allows for labor and physical education classes.

It is worth noting that the school is not at all obliged to resort to the above procedure. However, such recommendations should not be neglected, as this increases the effectiveness of training.

Extracurricular activities at school.

Also of no small importance is the issue of alternating lessons with additional classes. The institution has the right to take this step with a full transition to the Federal State Educational Standard.

Breaks should not be kept in accordance with the general requirements (45 minutes), since extracurricular activities differ from classroom activities in their form.

If an educational institution continues educational activities in accordance with the FC SES, then extracurricular activities cannot be mixed with the general educational process.

It is necessary to separately schedule electives and lessons. At the same time, a pause of 45 minutes or more must be maintained between additional classes and the last lesson.

Important! 19/20 is the last year when educational activities are allowed within the framework of the FC SES.

The transitional period for the Federal State Educational Standard for schools will end in 2020/21 (according to the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 07.09.10 No. 1507-r).

The provisions of SanPiN, which should be followed when drawing up a schedule at school.

The main document regulating the rules for the formation of a document, according to which schoolchildren study, is SanPiN 2.4.2.2821–10.

The act, among other things, contains information about the duration of classes, their start and end times, and the break between shifts.

Also, the administration should monitor the uniform distribution of the load during the school week.

What time do lessons start and end at school?

It is required to start classes no earlier than 8 am (clause 10.4). The length of the day for students is equal to the duration of 6 lessons (45 minutes for grades 2-4 and 35-40 minutes for first graders).

Many people have a question what time does the 6th lesson end at school.

It depends on the shift: for the first - until 13:30, and for the second - until 19:30. At the same time, students in grades 5, 9 and 11 are not allowed to study in the second shift.

It is also not allowed to organize the process in more than two shifts. Between the latter, an interval of thirty minutes must be maintained.

The weekly load is evenly distributed. It is required to take into account the daily and general mental performance of children, as well as the difficulty of objects.

In the middle of the week, it is advisable to increase the level of mental activity by loading minors with lessons with the highest score (chemistry, algebra, physics, etc.).

Also, at the specified time, it is allowed to increase the number of classes compared to the beginning and end of the week.

How is the schedule evaluated and are parents involved?

This issue is within the competence of the Deputy Director for WRM. After reconciling the document with the requirements of SanPiN and checking the schedule for errors, the act can be adopted or adjusted.

If problems arise related to the violation of a number of legal norms that cannot be resolved, then they are brought to the pedagogical council with teachers.

This will allow us to develop a plan for the next six months and bring the documentation in order.

The draft schedule is allowed to be discussed with the participation of active parents. The latter have the right to propose their own adjustments, including with regards to circles and sections.

The discussion can be conducted directly or by sending forms (questionnaires). If it is impossible to take into account any wishes, the school must prepare a reasoned answer.

How many lessons in elementary school: step mode?

They require a special relationship, because school is a new experience for them. In some educational institutions, a step-by-step mode of classes is used.

The latter is a schedule that allows children to quickly adapt to an unfamiliar environment.

The basic principle of the methodology is to gradually and consistently increase the load (duration of classes and their number).

To organize such a system, you need to include in the daily schedule:

• 3 lessons of 35 minutes in September;
• 4 lessons of 35 minutes in December;
• 4 lessons of 40 minutes in May.

The last 4th lesson must end no later than 11:20. In September-December, the specified time is reduced by 10 minutes.

Conclusion.

Thus, the duration of a lesson at school for grades 2-11 is 45 minutes.

They study less by 5 minutes from January to March and by 10 minutes in the first half of the year. These norms are established by the current SanPiN.

In addition, the document includes many other scheduling requirements that must be met when approving a training document.

The President of Belarus proposed to consider in the Parliament the issue of starting school classes not at 8 am, but at 9 am. He won't fall asleep early in the evening anyway. As some teachers say: wake up at 7 in the morning - go to bed earlier. Remember yourself: often did you go to bed early? - said the Belarusian leader during a speech in the Oval Hall on October 7.

As noted Candidate of Medical Sciences, pediatrician Viktor SOLNTSEV, sleep is an important component of a healthy psycho-emotional state of children. In addition, if a first-grader sleeps less than 7-8 hours a day, his performance decreases by 30%. Therefore, from a medical point of view, an extra hour of sleep will benefit the child.

The beginning of classes at the school is regulated by sanitary standards. They stipulate that classes should not start before 8.00 and end after 20.00. At the same time, in many educational institutions there is an unspoken recommendation not to assign control, independent, laboratory and other important types of work to the first lessons.

By the way, in many rural schools in Belarus, classes already begin at 9.00. The first lesson in lyceums is usually set at 8.30. This is due to the need to take into account the interests of children who come to study from distant areas of a large city, and sometimes from the suburbs.

Not so simple

The director of one of the Minsk schools believes that the postponement of the start of classes at the school can turn into unexpected problems. So, parents whose working day starts at 8.00 will face a problem: what to do with their son or daughter, students in the first grade, before the start of school lessons? Be late for work and bring the child to class on your own or “connect” grandparents?

Also, a later start of the school day can cause problems in educational institutions where there is a second shift. The shift in the morning schedule will also affect the start of classes for the students of the second shift, therefore, the lessons for them will end later. In some cases, children will return home closer to 8 pm. Or the lesson will have to last less than 45 minutes.

And how are they?

In Russia and Ukraine, the start time of lessons at school is 8.00. However, as with us, in some cases it may change. For example, in some educational institutions in Moscow, Kyiv and other large cities, due to traffic congestion, classes can start at 8.30 or 9.00. Most often, studies begin at 8 am in Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia.

In some schools in China, classes start at 7:30 am, in Japan at 8:45 am, in the US between 8 and 9 am, and in Australia students come to class by 9 am.

Morning in adolescence is associated with lack of sleep for students and neurosis for parents. Pushing a son or daughter to school is a daily practice, and from family to family, methods of awakening vary in degree of ingenuity. Turning on the light and tearing the blanket off the sleeping person is not the most sophisticated way to wake up. Sometimes parents turn on loud music, buy fancy alarm clocks that fly around the room, or require an eight-digit password to turn off. Is it worth remembering the cases when children are doused with cold water in order to have time to collect them for school?

Sleep researcher at the University of California, Wendy Troxel, believes that “breaking out” of sleep between the ages of 13 and 18 directly affects their intellectual development and health.

Lack of sleep affects a teenager's ability to learn. If a child receives a daily norm of sleep, his brain is better able to concentrate, remember and process the information that he receives in the classroom. With chronic sleep deprivation, these abilities are reduced.

According to Troxel research, only 1 in 10 teens sleeps 8-10 hours a night. Moreover, eight hours is the lower limit of the norm, let's say, "C grade". In addition, it is impossible to be sure that the child is really sleeping. He can just lie with his eyes closed, dig into the gadget or read.

"So the kids are to blame, why don't they just go to bed early?" This opinion is shared by the parents, who are sure that the regime can easily be formed by strict discipline. Yes, you can force the child to be in bed for a certain time, but this does not mean that his body will fully recover by the start of a new school day.

Causes of sleep deprivation in teens

During puberty, a person's biological clock shifts. This is due to the acceleration of the production of the hormone melatonin, which is responsible for sleep. It is also called the regulator of circadian rhythms, because the amount of melatonin in the body affects the sensations of alertness and drowsiness. A kind of day / night mode switch. Because of this shift, the sleep and wake time of a teenager shifts back two hours, because the release of melatonin in the teenage body does not occur at nine in the evening, as in adults or young children, but at 11 pm.

That is, really teenagers want to sleep not at 21:00, but at 23:00.

Troxel in the study gives a comparison: “Waking up a teenager at six in the morning is like waking up an adult at four. I don't know about you, but when I get up at four in the morning, I feel like a zombie. Completely useless." How to perceive new material and show high results in learning if adults in such a state should not drive?

Teenagers around the world face similar challenges every school day. Sleep experts seriously believe that common adolescent behaviors such as mood swings, irritability, laziness and depression may be the consequences of chronic sleep deprivation. To save energy for the whole day, the guys resort to ways to quickly replenish it: drink coffee drinks and energy drinks. So we get a generation of "tired and overwrought" teenagers.

What is the danger of lack of sleep

Advocates of a later start to the school day know that during adolescence, the brain develops most rapidly. Especially those parts of it that are responsible for the processes of thinking, including finding cause-and-effect relationships, solving problems and forming beliefs. At this time, a person's personality is formed, and if his body is depleted, he will not be able to develop at full strength. They will not be able to concentrate, their attention and memory are scattered, but the hormonal background requires activity.

The effects of lack of sleep continue to manifest outside of school. During adolescence, the risk of mental disorders increases, including depression and suicidal tendencies. At the same time, addictions are formed, including alcohol, tobacco and drugs. In his study, Troxel cites the following data: for every hour of lack of sleep in high school students, a 38% increase in anxiety, sadness and hopelessness, and a 58% increase in the desire to commit suicide. In addition, chronic lack of sleep is a cause of obesity, heart failure and diabetes.

Why do we do this to our children

The epidemic of sleep deprivation among teenagers is the result of an established social order that was formed in the middle of the 20th century and has not changed much. The morning ritual of working middle-class people goes something like this: Wake up, wake up the kids, pick them up and feed them breakfast, take them to school or take the bus, and then get ready for the start of the work day.

School infrastructure is subordinated to the needs of adults, but overlooks the peculiarities of children's development.

International health organizations recommend starting middle and high school classes no earlier than 8:30. At the same time, in almost all countries, classes begin at the same time for all ages, and the time of the first call does not always correspond to the recommended norm.

Here's what time school starts in different countries:

• In Moscow and St. Petersburg, school starts at 08:00, and at 08:30, and even at 9:00. In other cities, the spread is wider - from 07:00 to 09:30.
• In Japan, lessons start no later than 08:30, in China - from 07:00 to 08:00, in Germany from 08:00 to 9:00.
• Public schools in the UK and the Commonwealth countries (Australia, Canada and New Zealand) begin their work at 9:00.
• Private schools regulate the beginning of the school day at their own discretion.
• In the US, 40% of high schools open before 08:00, 10% before 07:00, and only 15% after 08:30.

"Start later"

These figures are cited as arguments by the movement in defense of the biological needs of schoolchildren Start School Later, or "Start lessons later." Among the members of this movement there are not only students and their parents, but also scientists, public figures and civil servants. Their task is to convince the public that a healthy start to the school day will help middle and high school students develop their skills and abilities better and faster.

Skeptics might argue: "If you give children the opportunity to get up an hour later, then they will fall asleep later." Sleep researchers reject this assumption. Teenagers go to bed at the same time as usual, they just sleep longer. They show up more often in class. The experiment showed a decrease in the number of absenteeism of the first lessons by 25% when the start of the school day was shifted an hour ahead. Not surprisingly, children began to achieve better results in school, their emotional and physical condition improved, and the climate in the family became more pleasant, which pleased their parents.

In one area where the experiment was conducted, even the percentage of accidents decreased by 70%.

With so many benefits, the public is not yet ready to embrace the natural patterns of adolescence. Most of them are sure that taking teenagers out of their comfort zone will prepare them for real life. Sleep researchers, on the other hand, argue that children should be given the opportunity to sleep as much as their body requires at this age. We do not deprive babies under three years of daytime sleep to prepare them for kindergarten.

Looking for a solution to a problem

There are sleep research foundations around the world, the most famous of which is the American National Sleep Foundation. He wholeheartedly supports the initiative to change school start times for teenagers and sponsors projects that seek to prove the huge public benefit of this reform. However, this will require changing the entire infrastructure: revising public transport schedules, improving road conditions, adjusting childcare before and after school, adjusting the catering sector, sports and cultural institutions to the new schedule.

In the system established many years ago, this is quite difficult to do, therefore, despite the efforts of enthusiasts, the question of a later start of the school day remains open.

Finnish schoolchildren sit down at their desks at 9 am. Teachers spend no more than 4 hours a day on teaching. The week is five days, but Friday is a shortened day. After all, another idea of ​​Finnish schools: you study less - you know more!

USA

There are many private schools in New York, and many have their own rules. In some schools, one lesson can last 50 minutes.

The school day starts at 8.30 and ends, with a minimum number of lessons, at 14:30.

Photo source: wikimedia.org

Study, I must say, is intense, but they often rest - in addition to holidays, there are also American national and Jewish holidays.

Canada

In Canadian schools, the duration of the lesson is 75 minutes. Classes start at 9:10 am and end at 3:30 pm. Interestingly, students are graded as a percentage (for example, 50-60% is a “three”, 65-75% is a “four”).

India

Schoolchildren study for 6 days, sometimes 6-8 lessons per day, lasting 35 minutes.

Photo source: radical.ru

Lessons start at 9 am.

Israel

Lessons start at 8 am and end at 13:00.

Most schools practice double lessons, i.e. 1 lesson can last 90 minutes (2 times 45). Israel has a six-day school week, but, unusually, it starts on Sunday. Saturday is a day off.

The educational system in Israel is divided into 3 stages, where the elementary school is a separate unit.

There are many of them and they are located several in each district of the city.

Thus, even in primary school, children of 6-7 years old can get on their own. As a rule, from home to the doorstep of the school 5-10 minutes on foot (in the worst case 15).

Japan

Lessons in schools start at 8:30 - 8:45 and last 45 minutes each.

Breaks are 5-10 minutes, but in elementary school there are 20 minutes. At 12:30 - lunch, after which the elementary school students leave, and the high school students study further.

Photo source: pixabay.com

In secondary school there are 6-7 lessons, they end around 16 hours. Why so late? Because students have 50 minutes for lunch. In Japan, "six days", but every second Saturday is a day off. Saturday classes usually start at 8:30 and end at 15:00.

What country's experience can serve as an example?

TEACHERS, parents and their children are concerned about the upcoming innovation: from September 1, it is proposed to start classes at schools at nine in the morning. The issue is scrupulously worked out from different positions: opinions are monitored by the Ministry of Education. Is it worth it to be cautious when approaching innovation?
The essence of the issue is that the leadership of schools where training is conducted in two shifts will independently decide on the start of classes - from 8.30 or 9.00. The innovation will not bypass rural schoolchildren, who, for a moment, are sometimes deprived of the opportunity to simply cross the road and end up in school. Some guys need to take a bus to a neighboring village. However, given these circumstances, it turns out that it is just beneficial for them to start studying at nine in the morning.

This is proved, for example, by the experience of the Kurenets school in the Vileika region. Classes start there at 9:00 am. By this time, all the students (and there are 123 of them) are going to school. Moreover, 40 schoolchildren are brought up from nearby villages. In order to deliver them all to classes, the school bus specially makes three flights so that students from six villages - Balashi (this is the point farthest from the school, which is located 35 kilometers from Kurents), Rechki, Bogdanovo, Khomintsy, Ivontsevichi, Savino - arrive on time .

There are also students in the Khilchitska school in the Zhitkovichi district who are taken to school by bus. Of the 117 people here, 65 are from the villages of Lyubovichi and Berezhtsy in the Zhitkovichi region, as well as from the village of Lutki in the Stolin region. However, school starts at 8:30. It is quite possible to move the time by nine. And even necessary, the school administration believes. After all, the beginning of classes at 9.00 is fixed in the sanitary and epidemiological standards, and those, in turn, are confirmed by relevant studies.

Some fathers and mothers ask questions: we, they say, have to go to work by 8.00 (mostly all children in the villages are from families of agricultural workers), but what about the child? How will he pass the time at school before classes? You shouldn't worry. If you bring your child to school, say, by eight in the morning, then until the first lesson he will be in business: they can do exercises with him, play, help prepare for school. Professional teachers (teacher-organizer, psychologist or subject teacher) will definitely work with the children. The teachers who will look after the children before the start of the lessons, if the schools switch to a new work schedule, will be paid for this work.

In any case, it is good that now the Ministry of Education, executing the order of the President, given on May 12, is studying the opinions of parents. So far, there is nothing alarming about starting the first lesson at 9.00. And teachers are ready to adapt to the work schedule of parents who are used to delivering a child to school before nine. The most important thing is that fathers and mothers can and should be calm, because school is just the very place where the child is always supervised.