Why is there bleeding during the cycle? Is there any pathology in the scanty bleeding in the middle of the cycle? Erosion and damage to the vaginal mucosa

Gynecological diseases. This includes endometrial polyps, its growth, cysts and other neoplasms in the ovarian zone. All of these diseases disrupt hormonal balance. Women complain of purulent discharge, leucorrhoea, pain during sexual intercourse and urination. Burning and itching may be felt on the mucous membrane. With a number of congenital pathologies (for example, a bend in the uterus, which can only be detected through diagnostics), a woman may not even know why she started bleeding.

Bloody discharge from the female genital organs during the period between menstrual bleeding, as a rule, is one of the symptoms of the development of pathology. Normally, in a healthy woman, such discharge should consist of a small amount of mucus produced by the glandular tissue of the cervix.

It is transparent or in some cases slightly cloudy, which is not a pathology. After all, the quantitative and qualitative composition of the mucous vaginal discharge largely depends on the period of the menstrual cycle during which the gynecological examination was performed. The main function of such secretions is to clean and protect the vagina from pathogenic microflora.

When will bleeding become the norm?

Sometimes a woman turns to a gynecologist with a complaint about the appearance of scanty discharge from the genitals, which contains minor streaks of blood.

Moreover, it appears after the end of menstruation, about a week later. As usual, the doctor reassures the patient.

After all, this phenomenon is not a pathology, but an element of the norm.

Slight spotting indicates the beginning of the ovulation period and is evidence that the female egg is ready for fertilization.

As a result, the most favorable moment for conceiving a child comes for a woman.

As a rule, there is no pronounced presence of blood in the discharge during this period. By their nature, they remain slimy, but the mucus is no longer transparent, but has a slightly pinkish or brownish tint. The volume of discharge may increase slightly during this period.

These symptoms should not bother a woman. However, if the amount of blood in the vaginal discharge has increased and this symptom manifests itself for more than three days, then it is necessary to visit a gynecologist for consultation. Perhaps these are the first signs of the development of pathology.

Could this be a symptom of pathology?

If we talk about the female menstrual cycle, then normally it can last more than thirty days. The immediate period of menstrual bleeding is no more than a week. During the rest of the period, the discharge should be transparent, that is, free of blood. Accordingly, the presence of bleeding during the intermenstrual period most often indicates the presence of pathology of the female genital area. What diseases can be accompanied by this symptom?

1. Inflammation of the muscle tissue that forms the uterus, or in other words endometritis. It develops as a result of penetration of wound infection pathogens into the uterine cavity. As a rule, the cause of the disease is medical manipulation in the uterine area, for example, abortion. In addition to the characteristic discharge, a woman may complain of pain of varying intensity and, in some cases, an increase in body temperature. If treatment is not carried out on time, then acute symptoms subsequently subside. The disease becomes chronic, which is characterized by periodic vaginal bleeding.
2. Endometriosis is often identified as the cause of this symptom. The pathology is caused by the uncontrolled growth of muscle tissue of the uterus. This disease is caused by various hormonal imbalances in the patient. Most often, endometriosis occurs in women in the age group after forty years. It is quite difficult to diagnose this pathology based on a simple examination. To do this, you will need to conduct an ultrasound examination or perform a laparoscopy.
3. Discharge streaked with blood may also appear when using tablet contraceptive medications. In this case, this is a sign that the doctor selected the wrong medicine for the patient. It is quite easy to eliminate bleeding that occurs for this reason. You just need to replace one drug with another.
4. Such bleeding can also be observed in the early stages of pregnancy, that is, already when the egg has attached to the uterine wall. However, most often this is a rather unfavorable symptom. It may indicate a miscarriage.
5. The presence of an intrauterine contraceptive device is often cited as the cause of bleeding. In this case, various pathologies provoked by this contraceptive device cause similar symptoms. These can be inflammatory processes as a result of infection with pathogenic bacteria or cystic growths both in the uterus itself and in the cervical area.
6. A small amount of blood may appear in a woman’s discharge after sexual intercourse. As a rule, this is not caused by a disease, but is the result of minor trauma to the cervix or vagina during sexual intercourse. Such symptoms should cause concern if they occur frequently enough. In this case, a visit to the gynecologist is mandatory.
7. The appearance of spotting in the middle of the cycle can be caused by significant hormonal imbalances. Moreover, the level of a certain biologically active substance in this case is not constantly increased, but a single jump in its concentration is observed precisely at the moment of release of the egg, that is, at ovulation.
8. Bloody discharge from the vagina can be one of the symptomatic manifestations of a tumor process in the uterine cavity, for example, fibroids.

Even small ones bloody issues that appear in a woman from the vagina between periods indicate that it is necessary to be vigilant and, with the help of a doctor, be sure to understand how dangerous it is and for what reason these symptoms appeared. Brownish brown discharge and mucous discharge streaked with blood, which appear, for example, on the 15th day of the cycle, should also alert you. If these are acyclic manifestations, the development of diseases can be suspected.

According to statistics, slight bleeding or bleeding in girls and women between menstruation appear in approximately 80% of cases. 20% of women note that such discharge is not spotting, but abundant, and it can appear unexpectedly, or the woman notices that after sexual intercourse she has gone.

It is especially important to pay attention to any discharge during. Why women in this position bleed should be found out immediately, regardless of whether there is pain in the lower abdomen or not. You should consult a doctor immediately, as blood or dark discharge in women may indicate a miscarriage.

The causes of intermenstrual bleeding will be discussed below.

Monthly cycle

To suspect that bleeding or spotting are pathological phenomena, a woman must clearly know what her cycle should be like. Of course, every experienced representative of the fair sex knows how many days between menstruation is the norm for her. How many days there should be between menstruation is an individual concept. Some people have a cycle of 30-35 days, for others a cycle of 24 days is normal. However, the average cycle is 28 days. Although from month to month it can fluctuate and be 24-27 days.

How is a cycle counted? It begins on the first day of menstruation and ends with the beginning of the next menstruation. Therefore, if a mature woman experiences something similar to her period after 2 weeks, starts again a week later, or her period comes for the second time in a month, the reasons for this will be determined by a doctor, who should be contacted immediately. But if a young girl has her period for the second time in a month, this may indicate the formation of a cycle. In such a situation, if your period comes 2 times a month, this is normal. Girls often write about such manifestations on every thematic forum.

However, if the onset of menstruation is several days ahead of schedule, or the interval between periods is several days longer, you should not sound the alarm and take any steps ahead of time. This may happen due to stress , too intense training, fatigue, climate change, etc. Sometimes the reasons why your period started 10 days earlier are also associated with such phenomena. It happens that the lower abdomen hurts for some time, but menstruation does not begin - a similar phenomenon can also be associated with overexertion or stress.

Such symptoms may indicate illness in the following cases:

• bloody or brown discharge appears in the middle of the monthly cycle (for example, on the 16th day of the cycle or the 12th day of the cycle, depending on its duration), while the woman does not take hormonal oral contraceptives;
• with discharge, the lower abdomen hurts, there is dryness, burning, itching in the vagina, the temperature rises, pain is felt during sexual intercourse;
• at or if a woman has had no periods for a year now;
• in case of constant discharge after sex.

Bloody and brown discharge – when is this normal?

Brown and sometimes even black discharge is the result of drops of blood mixed into it. “Normal” dark discharge may appear in a healthy person in the following cases:

• if dark-colored drops appear a few days before your period, this indicates that your period will begin soon;
• several days after menstruation ends, and how many days such discharge should normally last is an individual question for each woman;
• in the middle of the monthly cycle this is possible when taking oral contraceptives;
• after violent sexual intercourse, provided that the woman was not sufficiently aroused, and due to insufficient lubrication, the vaginal mucosa was damaged;
• after the first, as well as several subsequent sexual contacts, when the girl is just beginning to have a sexual life.

Bleeding mid-cycle

When determining the causes of bleeding in the middle of the cycle, it should be borne in mind that they can be different. First of all, pinkish or pink discharge, as well as brown discharge in the middle of the cycle are possible if a woman experiences ovulation . Whether ovulation can occur earlier or later depends on the individual physiology of the woman, but it occurs approximately in the middle of the cycle.

If the bleeding in the middle of the cycle is very scanty and spotting, then, in the absence of illness, this may be normal.

In this case, the pink or brown spot will go away on its own and no treatment is required.

It is not so rare for women to notice that they have spotting during ovulation or just a drop of dark-colored spotting. Naturally, ovulation with blood discharge frightens women, making them think that certain negative changes are occurring in the body. But such manifestations during ovulation may actually be normal, since the walls rupture during the release of the egg follicle . Accordingly, microvessels rupture, as a result of which blood discharge appears during ovulation. When answering the question of how many days such spotting can appear during ovulation, one should take into account the individual characteristics of the body. If the vessels of the fair sex are very thin, then this condition can continue for several days after ovulation has occurred. As a rule, the daub in this case is brown. Sometimes after ovulation the stomach feels tight, like before menstruation, which is also a normal sensation. As a rule, ovulation occurs on days 10–17 of the cycle.

A woman should not worry that such manifestations will become an obstacle to conception - even if such discharge appears, she will be able to get pregnant. But if this happens more than once, but three or more cycles in a row, one can suspect progesterone deficiency . In this case, it is important to visit a gynecologist.

Experts divide any red, brown, dark discharge that appears between periods into two groups: bleeding uterine And intermenstrual .

Uterine bleeding can occur at any age and indicate the following diseases:

• fibroma ;
• adnexal tumors ;
• uterine cancer or ;
• adenomyosis interior;

All of these diseases are very serious and it is important to identify them promptly and provide immediate treatment. That is why the causes of bleeding in the middle of the cycle must be identified and the disease must be properly treated immediately.

If blood appears regularly in the middle of the menstrual cycle after sexual intercourse, erosion is likely. You may also suspect that it is cervical cancer. If at the same time the lower abdomen is pulled in the middle of the cycle, inflammation of the inner layer of the uterus is likely.

Intermenstrual bloody discharge is associated with other reasons. So, they can be triggered by taking hormonal contraception, and blood or brown discharge may appear when taking pills or using a hormonal patch or ring. Dark brown discharge or spotting of a different color is considered normal in the first three months of taking such contraceptives. This is possible when taking and other means. If a woman has drunk and continues to take medications, etc., such manifestations in the first months can be considered normal. This can also happen after discontinuation of such contraception.

But if a woman does not take it and her period has not yet arrived, then she may notice that she is smearing blood or brown mucus is secreted due to the following reasons:

• Taking medications that may affect your menstrual cycle. For example, this could be the use of additives containing.
• Use of drugs intended for emergency contraception. This is possible after Gynepristone , drug Escapelle and etc.
• Pink or light brown discharge is possible if you have intrauterine device .
• Impaired function of the thyroid gland and, as a result, decreased levels of hormones of this gland.
• Inflammatory process of the vagina in diseases that are sexually transmitted, in sexually transmitted infections.
• The presence of hormonal disorders - progesterone deficiency , .
• Injuries to the genital organs.
• Recent procedures performed by a gynecologist.
• Very strong stress, shock.
• Heavy physical activity, too active sports.
• Abrupt climate change.

In any case, about why your breasts bleed and hurt in the middle of your cycle, you need to ask a specialist who will conduct an examination and prescribe the necessary tests.

It should also be remembered that if women who are sexually active develop spotting, bleeding, but not menstruation, one can suspect STD . The latter is especially likely if an unprotected act took place.

In this case, vaginal smear is accompanied by itching, pain, and a burning sensation during urination.

Women who do not use protection or have had unprotected intercourse are likely to become pregnant. If your stomach feels tight, and scarlet discharge or mucus with blood streaks appears, you may suspect or . When this condition develops, the stomach hurts severely.

But if spotting appears a week before your period or 2, 3, 4 days before your expected period, the reasons may be due to the fact that the woman is pregnant. Therefore, if a few days before menstruation or on the days when menstruation was supposed to occur, light blood or brown spotting appeared before menstruation, and then there was a delay, pregnancy can be suspected.

Brown discharge a week before your period or in the middle of your cycle can also be associated with serious physical exertion or stress.

The reasons why it smears before menstruation and pulls the stomach may be associated with a very active and regular sex life. As a result, microcracks appear, from which blood is released.

But in any case, the reasons for the spotting within a week or whether such manifestations can be associated with the disease must be determined by the gynecologist.

If a woman bleeds after intercourse and experiences pain after intimacy, one may suspect that one of the diseases listed below is developing. Even if the discharge is odorless and painless, this does not mean that everything is fine with health.

Of course, this can happen when taking birth control pills, but there is still a possibility of the following ailments:

• cervical erosion ;
• cervical cancer ;
• vaginal tumors .

If several days have passed after constant bleeding appears after sex, and your stomach, back, lower back, or perineum aches or hurts, you need to consult a doctor. This sign may indicate damage to the ovaries or cysts. Also, strange discharge may indicate an ectopic pregnancy.

Those who have had unprotected intercourse after their menstrual cycle should also be careful. Although pregnancy is most likely during the days of ovulation, which occurs around day 14 of the cycle, conception is possible at any time.

Therefore, if a brown spot appears on the 18th, 19th, 20th day of the cycle, it is quite possible that the woman became pregnant.

Discharge before menstruation

5-6 days before menstruation, due to hormonal changes in the body, a woman may notice that the nature of what is released from the vagina is a little unusual. Leucorrhoea may be cloudy and creamy. They are no longer pale transparent, but white or yellowish, sometimes abundant and watery, but more often viscous and thick.

After taking a smear in the days before menstruation, an increased number of gram-negative rods and epithelial cells is determined.

A variant of the norm can also be ichorous discharge - ichor appears several days before menstruation, while the woman is not bothered by other unpleasant symptoms.

However, if the white discharge is abundant and prolonged, with an unpleasant odor, sometimes darkish, gray, and the woman is bothered by itching and a burning sensation, we may be talking about.

Many women are interested in how normal dark brown discharge is before menstruation, which for many appears a day, and sometimes even 2-3 days before menstruation. Pinkish or dark discharge before menstruation is absolutely normal, provided that spotting of this color appears on the eve of menstruation. Since menstruation is a consequence of the death of the egg, its release occurs gradually. And if such discharge occurs for no more than one day before menstruation, we are not talking about pathology.

Therefore, you need to know: if you have brown discharge before your period, what it means depends on how long this phenomenon lasts. If it starts about a week before your period, you may suspect that a reproductive system disorder is developing. Therefore, you must definitely visit a doctor.

It should be noted that if instead of menstruation a brown or burgundy smear appears, pregnancy may be suspected. It is known that among the many symptoms that allow one to suspect an interesting situation, there is also a sign of pregnancy - light brown discharge. Sometimes a woman notes that such smears lasted 1 day and ended.

However, to be sure that a woman is expecting a child, an examination with a doctor or a test showing two stripes will help.

Spotting before menstruation begins due to the following reasons:

• hormonal imbalance ;
• climate change;
• stress or severe shock;
• use of hormonal contraception or termination of use;
• uterine polyps .

Normally, black, light brown discharge after menstruation or spotting pink discharge may continue for several days. If you have brown discharge after your period, what this means depends on the duration of this phenomenon. It is normal to have dark brown discharge for three days after the red bloody discharge has ended. When a smear of this color appears, a natural cleansing of the uterus occurs.

But if this phenomenon lasts longer than three days, the reasons why there is bleeding after menstruation should be determined by a doctor whose specialization is gynecology.

The answer to the question of why it bleeds after menstruation or what is the reason for the bleeding after a week can be answered after examination and research. But if it smears brown for a long time or you start bleeding a week after your period, you can suspect uterine fibroids , endometriosis and other diseases. Therefore, if your period has passed, but there is still spotting, and the same repeated manifestations occur in the next cycle, it is worth getting examined.

Any discharge that appears after menstruation has completely ended should also be a concern. If on the 11th day or 10 days after menstruation, spotting appears again, or at first it is beige, then dark, and then blood, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Discharge before and after childbirth

Brown or pink discharge appears a few days before, when another hormonal change occurs in the body. The cervix gradually prepares to open, and the plug is gradually pushed out. As a rule, it comes out gradually, so the daub can appear a day or two before birth, and earlier - 12-13 days. But if blood appears a few days before the expected birth, you should consult a doctor immediately, as this may be evidence of pathologies.

After childbirth, when the placenta is released, blood continues to be released for several weeks. Such secretions are called lochia . Gradually, they become darker from bloody, and their number decreases. In the second week they are yellowish-brown, orange, then they gradually lighten. But even a month after giving birth, the problems can continue. But if the number of lochia has increased significantly, or they continue 2 months after birth, you need to tell your doctor about it.

Diagnosis of menstrual cycle disorders

To get rid of problems, you need to determine the cause of their manifestation. If the interval between menstruation has decreased significantly, and this happens again and again, you need to contact a specialist and get a diagnosis. You cannot take pills for bleeding on your own until the cause of this phenomenon has been established. During the diagnostic process, the doctor takes the following measures:

• studies anamnesis, asking about sexual life, features of the monthly cycle, hereditary diseases, etc.;
• examines the cervix using speculum, conducts and colposcopy of the cervix;
• prescribes examination of a smear taken from the vagina;
• prescribes ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• Refers for a general blood test and studies of hormone levels.

If there are indications, the specialist performs a diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity, after which a histological examination of endometrial tissue is performed.

conclusions

Thus, the first action of a woman who experiences strange acyclic bleeding should be to contact a specialist and carry out the tests prescribed by him.

It is important to analyze what you subsequently need to tell the doctor: how many days the cycle was before and how long it lasts now, how many times bleeding or spotting has recurred recently, etc.

It is important to ask yourself other questions: “How long have I been taking hormonal contraception and do I take the pills regularly? Am I pregnant? The answers to these questions, as well as further research, are very important to establish a diagnosis.

In any case, if the signs are unclear, it is better for representatives of both sexes to consult a doctor.

After all, even men have “periods” when they feel those subjective sensations that a woman experiences during PMS.