Why does a woman often get thrush? Causes, signs and symptoms of thrush. Treatment of thrush in children

Thrush or candidiasis in women- a disease caused by fungi of the genus Candida. If these microorganisms have developed on the mucous membrane of the vagina and external genitalia, then they speak of vaginal candidiasis.

This disease affects not only women of childbearing age who are sexually active, but also young girls and those who have reached advanced years. The reason is simple: candidiasis occurs not only after contact with a sick sexual partner. It can be a consequence of the active reproduction of Candida, which were previously part of the normal microflora.

With candidiasis, women complain of copious curdled vaginal discharge and itching in the genital area. According to statistics, 70% of gynecologist patients who come with such problems are diagnosed with thrush. This disease is not a sexually transmitted disease. Compared to them, it is less dangerous and much easier to treat.

The disease affects women on all continents, regardless of age and wealth. Moreover, the incidence is higher in hot countries. Statistics show that city residents suffer more from candidiasis. 30-40% of women experienced thrush during pregnancy. During this period, the risk of getting sick increases 2-3 times.

75% of the fair sex have suffered from candidiasis, and the majority more than once. Since this disease has the unpleasant property of returning. So in 5% the diagnosis is recurrent candidiasis. In this case, exacerbations occur 4 or more times a year.

In recent years, the number of cases of thrush has been steadily increasing. This is due to uncontrolled use of antibiotics and a decrease in the level of immunity. If thrush is not treated in time, then from a minor ailment it can turn into a serious problem when fungi affect most internal organs.

Composition of normal microflora of the vagina and external genitalia

The genitals of girls begin to be colonized by microorganisms within a few hours after birth. This is the moment when microflora begins to form. From the first day of life, various types of bacteria constantly live in the vagina and external genitalia. There are more than 60 of them. Usually these microorganisms do not cause diseases and do not harm the body.

This set varies depending on the woman’s age, phase of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and the presence of a permanent sexual partner. From time to time, pathogenic bacteria enter the vagina. But if their number is not large, then representatives of the microflora and immune cells destroy these microorganisms.

The vagina contains:

• lactobacilli
• bifidobacteria
• enterococci
• clostridia
• coagulase-negative staphylococci
• coliform bacteria
• candida

The majority of microorganisms in the body of a healthy woman are various types of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria - up to 90%. They provide an optimal pH level of up to 3.8–4.5 (in adult women). If their number decreases, then the vaginal environment becomes slightly alkaline and the pH exceeds 6. This leads to the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and the development of inflammatory processes.

In almost 80% of cases, Candida is present in a woman’s microflora. They are represented by single inactive round cells and do not form mycelial threads (pseudo-mycelium).

Normal microflora in a woman’s body performs important functions:

• Releases beneficial enzymes that provide the necessary acidity
• Promotes the formation of vitamins
• Maintains the strength of local immunity
• Prevents the penetration of foreign bacteria that can cause disease.

The vaginal microflora has a balanced composition. At the same time, some bacteria regulate the number of others. This is how lactic acid bacteria produce acid, which inhibits the excessive proliferation of Candida. Therefore, normally, fungi found in the vagina do not cause thrush.

Causes of thrush

Why thrush occurs is one of the most common questions among women. After all, this problem is very common. Unpleasant sensations arise at the most inopportune moment. This fungal disease destroys intimate relationships and ruins everyday life.

You can become infected with candidiasis from a sexual partner. Especially if a man has obvious signs of this disease or is a carrier of fungi. However, this reason is far from the most common. Much more often, thrush occurs as a consequence of decreased immunity and disruption of the natural balance of the microflora of the genital organs.

There are many factors that provoke the development of vaginal candidiasis in women.

• Decreased body defenses as a result of chronic diseases or after previous infections.
• Hormonal shifts during pregnancy and before menstruation.
• Changes in hormonal levels during menopause.
• Use of hormonal contraceptives.
• Long-term use of antibiotics, corticosteroids and cytostatic drugs.
• Intestinal dysbiosis, and fungi can be introduced into the vagina.
• Climate change, which entails adaptation to new conditions and water composition.
• Using intimate hygiene products: intimate gels, soaps, shower gels containing a lot of alkali and fragrances.
• Using panty liners. They interfere with air access to the genitals, increasing humidity.
• Deodorized tampons and pads cause allergic reactions and disrupt the condition of the mucous membrane.
• Wearing underwear made of synthetic fabrics, narrow and tight. The most common culprit for thrush is thongs.
• Food rich in confectionery products and carbohydrate dishes, strong coffee, carbonated drinks, yeast baked goods, spicy and fatty delicacies, ketchup and mayonnaise.
• Avitaminosis entails a decrease in the body's resistance and a deterioration in the condition of the skin and mucous membranes.
• Obesity- favorable conditions for the proliferation of fungi are created in the folds of the body.
• Metabolic disorders. A prime example is diabetes mellitus. It not only weakens local immunity, but also increases the amount of carbohydrates in cells, which is a good breeding ground for microorganisms.
• Smoking causes vasospasm and impairs blood circulation, including in the genitals.
• Sexual intercourse with a dry vagina and other actions that can lead to microtraumas on the genital mucosa. Through them, Candida can penetrate deep into the tissues.
• Chronic stress, severe mental and physical stress, overwork, lack of sleep.

The action of these factors leads to a decrease in the number of lactobacilli that create a protective microfilm. They produce less lactic acid, and an alkaline environment is formed in the vagina. Fungi and other bacteria penetrate the cells of the mucous membrane and thin skin of the external genitalia. There they begin to actively reproduce, feeding on glycogen and destroying host cells. If left untreated, the inflammatory process gradually spreads.

What are the symptoms of thrush and what are they associated with?

1. Pain during intercourse.
   Most often, Candida multiplication begins on the vaginal mucosa. They destroy the upper epithelial cells, gradually affecting the deeper layers. In this case, tiny lesions are formed that resemble ulcers. The mucous membrane of the vaginal walls becomes inflamed and painful. Therefore, during sexual intercourse, a woman experiences pain and other unpleasant sensations.


2. Swelling of the genital organs.
   Inflammation causes the vaginal walls to swell. This occurs due to the fact that small vessels on the surface of the mucosa dilate. In this way, the body tries to eliminate the toxins released by Candida. Blood circulation increases, and the tissue of the genital organs is saturated with fluid released through the walls of the capillaries.


3. White coating and curdled discharge.
   Gradually, the number of fungi increases and the colonies grow. They look like a whitish coating on the genitals. An inflammatory process begins, which is accompanied by copious vaginal discharge. They look like white curdled masses or curdled milk. These are mainly fungal mycelium, leukocytes and damaged mucosal cells.


4. Itching and burning.
   Candida feeds on glycogen stores in cells. When this carbohydrate is broken down, acids are formed. They cause itching and burning in the vagina and irritate the skin of the genital organs damaged by Candida, while the woman feels severe discomfort. These symptoms are worse after urinating or washing. Therefore, each time the skin in this area must be dried. It is advisable to use soft paper towels to avoid further injury.


5. Thrush rash.
   The inflammatory process with thrush also extends to the vestibule of the vagina, labia majora and labia minora. On the skin of the genital organs, the epidermis stratifies as a result of the activity of fungi, and small burgundy pimples-vesicles with liquid contents inside - vesicles - are formed. After a day or two, they burst and small erosions and crusts form in their place.


6. Spread to nearby skin areas.
   Signs of candidiasis: redness, small rash, itching, formation of white plaque can also occur in the perineum, on the skin of the intergluteal and inguinal folds. More often, this form of the disease occurs in women who are overweight.


7. Deterioration of general condition.
   Itching, constant discomfort and unpleasant sensations cause nervousness, attacks of bad mood, and sleep disturbances. The latter is due to the fact that the burning sensation intensifies at night. Unpleasant symptoms increase after long walking and during menstruation.


8. Urethritis and cystitis with thrush.
   Frequent urination and the appearance of pain indicate that Candida has penetrated the urinary system and caused urethritis and cystitis. Another sign that the inflammatory process has spread to other organs is the appearance of aching pain in the lower abdomen. This may result in an increase in temperature. If you notice such symptoms, be sure to consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.

Diagnosis of thrush

If you notice signs of thrush, contact your gynecologist. This is especially necessary to do if the appearance of unpleasant sensations was preceded by unprotected sexual contact. The fact is that the symptoms of candidiasis are in many ways similar to the manifestations of dangerous sexually transmitted infections. In addition, mucous membranes damaged by fungi become vulnerable to pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, taking antifungal drugs alone is not enough. A visit to a specialist is mandatory if signs of thrush appear again soon after treatment. Otherwise, the disease may become chronic.

In order to clarify the diagnosis, the doctor takes a smear of the contents of the vagina. Flora smear (gynecological smear, bacterioscopy) necessary to determine the composition of the microflora and the presence of pathogenic bacteria. Ideally, the analysis should contain 90% lactobacilli. Gardnerella and Candida may be present in single copies. But microorganisms such as Trichomonas should not exist.

In the laboratory, a sample of vaginal contents is examined under a microscope and the number of immune cells, leukocytes and bacteria, and the presence of Candida pseudomycelium are determined.

In some cases, they carry out microflora seeding on special nutrient media. As a result, it is possible to determine which of the 150 species of Candida caused inflammation, and to which medications these microorganisms are most sensitive. This must be done if a woman suffers from recurrent thrush.

Also an informative research method is colcoscopy - examination of the vagina with a special device called a colcoscope. The doctor applies Lugol's solution to the vaginal walls. If after this small inclusions in the form of semolina are clearly visible on them, then this indicates the presence of thrush.

If necessary, the doctor prescribes an additional test for sexually transmitted infections, a stool test for dysbacteriosis, an immunogram, an analysis aimed at identifying diabetes mellitus - a glycemic profile with a load.

If the gynecologist believes that thrush is caused by chronic diseases, he will advise you to consult a therapist, endocrinologist or immunologist.

How to treat thrush

Local therapy for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the female reproductive system not only allows the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms, but also inevitably leads to an imbalance in the beneficial microflora of the vagina and a decrease in local immunity. If you do not quickly restore the lactoflora, activation of opportunistic microflora is possible, which will lead to an exacerbation of thrush or bacterial infections. For the same reason, antifungal therapy for vaginal candidiasis may not be effective enough. Therefore, it is important, after the first stage of treatment aimed at eliminating the infection, to carry out the second stage - to restore the balance of beneficial microflora with the help of Lactozhinal capsules. This is the only tribiotic drug registered in the Russian Federation. Laktozhinal quickly restores the pH and microflora of the vagina and protects for a long time from re-exacerbation of bacterial vaginosis and thrush. Two-step therapy has recently become the gold standard for the treatment of conditions accompanied by pathological discharge. Many experts are confident that only this method can provide a pronounced and long-term therapeutic effect, strengthen local immunity, which serves as the prevention of subsequent exacerbations.

How to treat thrush during pregnancy?

Treatment must be carried out under the supervision of a gynecologist. He prescribes drugs that are non-toxic, are poorly absorbed into the blood, do not harm the child and have maximum therapeutic effect. Almost always this is a local treatment - Pimafucin suppositories. The drug causes destruction of the walls of the fungal cell and leads to its death. This remedy can be used both in the first weeks and immediately before childbirth.

Another drug approved during pregnancy is Terzhinan. It contains the antifungal antibiotic Nystatin. But besides this, it contains substances that fight bacteria. Treatment can be supplemented with a complex of vitamins to support immunity.

Drugs in tablets that have a systemic effect on the body are usually not used.

During pregnancy, it is better to refrain from douching. With the pressure of fluid, you can introduce an infection into the uterine cavity. This procedure can only be prescribed by a doctor in exceptional cases. Instead of douching, it is better to use a weak soda solution, chamomile and calendula infusions for washing.

What suppositories are effective for treating thrush?

Suppositories and vaginal tablets for the treatment of thrush are local treatments. They are prescribed when the lesions are not deep and no complications have arisen. Here is a list of the most effective remedies for thrush. The active substance is indicated in the arms.

• Pimafucin (Natamycin) is the least toxic. Can be used during pregnancy. Causes the death of various fungi. Candles are used before bedtime. They quickly relieve symptoms, but treatment must be continued for another 2-3 days after improvement. On average, the course is 3-6 days.


• Antifungol, Yenamazole 100, Candibene, Kanesten, Kanizon, (Clotrimazole) its components dissolve the Candida shell. Suppositories or vaginal tablets are inserted into the vagina once a day before bedtime. The course of treatment is 6-7 days.


• Gyno-Travogen Ovulum (Isoconazole) disrupts the permeability of the cell wall of fungi. Has antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects. Quickly eliminates itching. Used to treat forms of fungi that are resistant to other agents. A suppository (candle) is inserted deep into the vagina before bedtime once a day. The course of treatment is 3 days.


• Ginezol 7, Gino-Daktarin, Klion-D 100 (Miconazole) - destroys fungi and some bacteria. Treatment lasts 14 days. One suppository deep into the vagina before bed.


• Polygynax, Terzhinan (Nystatin) - these vaginal tablets must be moistened before insertion into the vagina.

  Use one before bed for 10 days.

  It should be noted that minor itching and other discomfort may occur for two weeks after treatment.

Which tablets are effective in treating thrush?

Treating thrush with tablets has several advantages. You will get rid of unpleasant symptoms in 1-3 days. While treatment with suppositories, vaginal tablets and gels takes an average of a week. Taking the tablets provides comprehensive treatment of fungi in all organs. Therefore, the likelihood of thrush recurring is reduced. If the course of the disease is mild, then one drug will be enough. In another case, you will need to take several antifungal agents from different groups. To enhance the effect and relieve itching, local treatment in the form of creams or suppositories is additionally prescribed.

There are several types of drugs designed to combat fungi. They have different mechanisms of action, but they all lead to the death of Candida and the destruction of their mycelium.

Here is a list of substances that destroy fungi and drugs based on them:

• Fluconazole (Diflucan, Mikosist, Medoflucon, Forkan) – a single dose of 150 mg of the drug is sufficient.


• Ketoconazole (Ketoconazole, Nizoral) – 1-2 tablets per day. Course 5 days.


• Natamycin (Pimafucin) – 1 tablet for 3-5 days.


• Miconazole (Miconazole, Micatin, Funginazole) - take 1 tablet for three days.


• Nystatin (Nystatin) – 1 tablet 4 times a day. The treatment period is 10-14 days.

These drugs should not be taken by pregnant women to treat thrush. To prevent exacerbations of candidiasis in the future, it is advisable that both sexual partners undergo treatment.

How to treat thrush at home?

Treatment for thrush almost always occurs at home. Ideally, it should be done after consultation with a doctor. Traditional medicine has many benefits. They have no side effects, are non-toxic and completely safe. However, in terms of speed of treatment, they are significantly inferior to drugs.

• To relieve itching and prevent bacterial complications, wash and douche with a soda solution. In 0.5 liters of warm boiled water you need to dissolve 1 teaspoon of baking soda. Repeat the procedure 2 times a day.


• This composition has a strong antifungal and anti-inflammatory effect. Take 5 tablespoons of a mixture of equal parts of oak bark, chamomile, nettle and knotweed. Pour in a liter of water and bring to a boil. Cool, strain and use for douching in the morning and evening.


• Tampons with sea buckthorn oil heal erosions on the mucous membrane and relieve inflammation. Soak a tampon made of several layers of gauze with pharmaceutical sea buckthorn oil and insert it overnight.


• Garlic oil tampons are effective in getting rid of Candida. To prepare the product, you need to peel and chop 5 large cloves of garlic and add 50 ml of refined vegetable oil. Leave for 3 hours, stir and strain. Soak a tampon with this product and insert it into the vagina for 2 hours. If a strong burning sensation occurs, the procedure must be stopped. Garlic phytoncides are a very powerful remedy. Therefore, it is recommended to eat several cloves daily.


• To restore normal vaginal microflora, tampons with bifidumbacterin are used. Dilute an ampoule of this drug in a tablespoon of refined vegetable oil. Soak a tampon and insert it into the vagina for 1 hour. American doctors recommend lubricating the mucous membrane with pure natural yogurt without flavoring additives. This may be a pure culture of lactobacilli, which are sold in pharmacies.


• If you are not allergic to honey, then you can dilute it with water in a ratio of 1:10 and lubricate the affected areas of the mucous membrane.


• To wash, use tar soap or brown laundry soap. Its components prevent the proliferation of microorganisms.

To ensure that thrush does not return after some time, it is necessary to continue the procedures for another 2-3 days after the symptoms of the disease disappear. Folk remedies are best used as an addition to treatment prescribed by a doctor.

What medications should be used to treat thrush?

To get rid of thrush forever, one drug is not enough. It is necessary to reduce the number of Candida to normal levels, to cure damage to the mucous membrane that has arisen as a result of the disease. After this, you can begin to normalize the microflora in order to increase the number of lactobacilli. You also need to strengthen your immune system.

Therefore, for the complex treatment of thrush, various groups of drugs are used.

Antifungal agents (antimycotics) destroy the bulk of Candida. These are products based on Fluconazole, Clotrimazole, Iconazole, Ketoconazole. In the form of suppositories and creams for local treatment of the genital organs, as well as in the form of tablets and capsules for oral administration.

Antibiotics for the treatment of thrush They fight not only Candida, but also some bacteria that join during candidiasis. They are also available for local and general treatment.

• Antibiotics from the macrolide group: Pimafucin, Natamycin


• Triazole antibiotics: Flucostat, Mikosist


• Polyene antibiotics: Nystatin, Levorin

Combination drugs are products that contain several types of antibiotics. It also contains the hormone prednisolone for quick relief from itching, pain and inflammation. These are products in the form of ointments and vaginal tablets Terzhinan, Neo-Penotran, Polygynax.

Probiotics normalize the composition of the vaginal microflora and acidity level. They also often contain components for restoring the vaginal mucosa and external genitalia. These are vaginal tablets and suppositories with a complex of lacto and bifidobacteria: Gynoflor, Ecofemin, Vaginorm S and Vagilak, as well as Bifidumbacterin, Lactobacterin.

Immunomodulators or immunocorrectors prescribed to strengthen general immunity. Its task is to restrain the growth of Candida after treatment is discontinued. These are Likopid oral tablets and Viferon and Methyluracil rectal suppositories.

Is Fluconazole effective for thrush?

Modern antifungal drugs can get rid of thrush in one day. In most cases, it is enough to take one capsule of Fluconazole 150 mg to destroy the fungal infection. If a woman suffers from recurrent thrush, then she will need to take one capsule once a week or a month for 6-12 months. The doctor selects the regimen individually.

For a quick recovery, it is advisable to combine systemic treatment with Fluconazole in capsules and local treatment: suppositories with antifungal and anti-inflammatory drugs, the use of creams and douching.

Various pharmaceutical companies produce drugs based on Fluconazole: Diflazon, Diflucan, Mikosist, Medoflucon, Forkan, Flucostat. The active substance of these medicines disrupts the metabolic processes in fungi, which leads to their death. The medicine is well absorbed into the blood and reaches all organs, where it accumulates in the required quantity. Thus, these drugs rid the body of any diseases caused by fungi.

With vaginal candidiasis, after taking Fluconazole, a woman usually notices a significant improvement within a day. But complete recovery occurs after 3-4 days. If, a week after taking the drug, you continue to be bothered by symptoms of thrush, you should consult your doctor again.

There are several reasons why taking Fluconazole capsule did not bring results. This can happen if fungi have developed resistance and are not sensitive to it. Other medications may reduce the effectiveness of Fluconazole when taken simultaneously. For example, the antibiotic Rifampicin. In some cases, a single dose is not enough. You need to take one more capsule on the third and seventh day of treatment.
It must be remembered that Fluconazole has contraindications and serious side effects. Therefore, it must be taken on the recommendation of a doctor.

What traditional methods of treating thrush exist?

To treat thrush in women, traditional medicine recipes are successfully used. They have significantly fewer contraindications and side effects than traditional medications. However, even natural ingredients can cause an allergic reaction. And douching is generally not recommended for pregnant women. Please take this into account during treatment.

St. John's wort is an excellent remedy against thrush due to its astringent, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. The high content of phytoncides guarantees getting rid of bacteria and fungi of the genus Candida. St. John's wort decoction is used for douching. To prepare it, take 3-4 tablespoons of the herb and pour 1.5-2 liters of boiling water. After this, let the medicine brew for 1.5-2 hours. You need to douche with this infusion 4 times a day.

Has long been used infusion of sage and raspberry leaves rich in estrogens and anti-inflammatory components.

Directions for use: mix sage with raspberry leaves in equal proportions - 2 tablespoons of each herb. Then pour the mixture with a liter of boiling water. We wait 20 minutes for brewing, then strain the infusion through a sieve or cheesecloth. Let the product cool to room temperature. It is used for douching 2-3 times a day. For greater effectiveness, you can add 2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar per liter of product.

Oak bark– an effective way to get rid of thrush. The decoction has a strong antimicrobial effect, calms inflammatory processes and protects the genital mucosa from deep damage. To prepare the decoction, you need to take three parts of oak bark, one part of string and one part of lavender. To prepare, pour one tablespoon of herbal mixture into 150 ml of boiling water. Let it brew for 2 hours. After this, you need to strain the broth and add the same amount of boiling water to it. Douche with this mixture 2 times a day.

Cranberry and viburnum– universal assistants in the fight against thrush. The polyphenols contained in these berries stop the growth of yeast fungi, alleviate symptoms and strengthen the body. Juices from cranberries or viburnum will prevent the development of thrush. But the main requirement is to drink only unsweetened juice. The presence of sugar has the opposite effect and the fungus develops even more intensely.

You need to drink juices 3 times a day, 2 tablespoons. You can add the same amount of water. For douching, take 1 tablespoon of strained juice per glass of warm water.

Answers to frequently asked questions:

Is it possible to get pregnant with thrush?

A woman who has a flare-up of thrush may become pregnant. The processes that occur during candidiasis and the acid that fungi secrete can slightly impair the viability of sperm. But if their number is large and their mobility is high, then fertilization will still occur.

It is desirable that the woman is absolutely healthy at the time of pregnancy. But still, this disease does not pose a serious danger to the fetus. Unlike, for example, rubella.

Is it possible to have sex with thrush?

It is not recommended to have sex if you have thrush. This is due to the fact that with vaginal candidiasis, the mucous membrane becomes swollen and covered with erosions. During sex, she gets injured. This promotes the penetration of fungi into deeper layers and the addition of a bacterial infection. In addition, during and after sexual intercourse, pain and itching in the genitals intensify.

Is it possible to douche if you have thrush?

You can douche for thrush. This helps cleanse the vaginal walls of fungi and cheesy plaque. Various medications can help relieve itching and inflammation. Most often, a weak soda solution, chamomile and calendula decoctions are used.

Is it possible to use kefir or cottage cheese if you have thrush?

Kefir or cottage cheese contain a large number of fermented milk bacteria, which normally make up the main part of the microflora. With thrush, their number decreases sharply. Therefore, eating such foods restores balance and will be very beneficial. It is necessary to include fresh kefir and natural yoghurts with a short shelf life and minimal sugar content in your diet. They bring the most benefit.

Prevention of thrush in women

Prevention of candidiasis is based on general strengthening of the immune system. Strict personal hygiene is also necessary, the meaning of which is to maintain normal vaginal microflora. Gynecologists recommend using intimate gels with high acidity levels, which contain lactic acid and a minimal amount of fragrances, for washing.

Wear underwear made from natural fabrics that allow your skin to breathe. But tight skinny jeans provoke the development of the disease.

You can become infected with thrush in swimming pools and bathhouses, where there are many people and the skin is exposed to chlorine. If you notice such a tendency, then avoid visiting these places.

Consume more vegetables, fruits and dairy products. This will help keep the number of lactobacilli normal. Avoid uncontrolled use of medications and do not forget about preventive visits to the doctor.

THERE ARE CONTRAINDICATIONS. BEFORE USE, CONSULT A DOCTOR.

According to various sources, vaginal candidiasis shares primacy with bacterial vaginosis among diseases of the reproductive system for more than one year. The very frequency of cases of fungal infection is steadily increasing. Why does thrush appear and what to do with its manifestations? This question is more relevant than ever. According to various sources, about 75% of women encountered the disease at least once, and in more than half of them it had repeated manifestations. Doctors say that in fact the situation is even more serious. Anonymous surveys also confirm this.
Scientists know more than 150 species of fungus of the genus Candida, which is the causative agent of thrush. Moreover, in 95% of cases the disease develops due to Candida albicans. These microorganisms are part of our microflora; there are simply such small numbers of them in a healthy body that they simply cannot harm. When candida cannot fully attack cells, they become covered with a protective shell and remain dormant. By nature, inactive fungi are symbiotic, which coexist peacefully with all representatives of our flora.

The situation changes seriously when circumstances change in favor of candida. In the presence of a favorable climate, they multiply rapidly: having lost their protective membrane, the cells are filled with spores. And when there are a lot of fungi, they unite to form colonies. This is what we see in the lumps of discharge characteristic of the disease. Harm from fungal agents is associated with poisoning of healthy epithelial cells. It is the toxic effect on them that leads to the appearance of unpleasant symptoms.

Why does the disease appear: reasons

Microflora is part of the immune system that protects the female vagina from infectious attacks. Lactobacilli help regulate the number of opportunistic microorganisms, so thrush never develops from scratch. A disturbance in the composition of the microflora and the functioning of the immune system causes the proliferation of candida.

The main causes of thrush are:

• Antibiotics

Treatment with antibacterial agents for some diseases (bronchitis, pneumonia and others) is simply necessary. Unfortunately, along with harmful microorganisms, lactobacilli also die under their influence, without which full protection of the mucous membranes is simply impossible.

• Birth control pills

Long-term use of hormonal contraceptives, together with which the body is exposed to the artificial production of the hormone estrogen, leads to stimulation of fungal growth. Statistics confirm this, since women who take birth control pills are many times more likely to develop thrush.

Don't think that everyone who takes oral contraceptives will necessarily become victims of candida. In fact, those who use this type of contraception for too long or are just starting to use them are at risk. Thrush often develops in those women who change the brand of pills to one that contains a higher dose of the hormone.

• Stress

Excessive worries provoke hormonal fluctuations in women. Increased production of cortisol (the so-called stress hormone) helps the body stay in good shape, despite shocks. At the same time, under such hormonal pressure, immunity decreases. So it turns out that candidiasis can be the result of a nervous shock.

• Sweets

When blood glucose levels rise, the cellular environment becomes sweeter, and fungi love that. Therefore, the risk of awakening an infection directly depends on the blood sugar level.

Beer contains another type of sugar - maltose, which also provokes the proliferation of fungal agents. That is why beer lovers risk getting thrush as a gift.

• Constipation

Due to constipation, an alkaline environment is created on the intestinal mucosa, and along with changes in acidity, candida begins to grow.

• Intestinal dysbiosis

Due to indigestion and diarrhea, conditions favorable for fungus are formed on the intestinal mucosa. Reproducing there, the pathogen gradually moves into the vagina.

• Diabetes

Here again, blood sugar is to blame. It has been proven in practice that patients with diabetes are more likely than others to suffer from symptoms of thrush.

• Condoms, spermicides, tampons, panty liners

All these drugs force the mucous membranes of the genital organs to come into contact with certain chemicals, which can provoke a local allergic reaction, which will cause thrush. In addition, if you do not change pads and tampons in a timely manner, any harmful microorganisms will develop on their surface very quickly.

• Improper washing

The secret to preventing fungal infections lies in the correct approach to intimate hygiene. So, even if the stream of water is not directed from top to bottom, but vice versa, the risk of developing the disease increases significantly. You need to wash yourself with specially designed hygiene products that do not disturb the acidity of the vagina. A prerequisite is the presence of a separate towel.

• Psychological factors

Oddly enough, it is in the psyche that the cause of the illness sometimes lies. The infection develops in those women who are not confident in themselves and do not experience pleasure from sex as a defensive reaction. In this case, simple drug treatment will not be effective; professional psychological support will be needed.

• Swimming in polluted waters

• Synthetic underwear

Synthetics, in contact with the skin, create a greenhouse effect, and the fungus “adores” warm and humid places. For this reason, underwear should not only be made from natural fabrics, but also loose, so that the body can breathe calmly. It is also best to avoid tight clothing.

• Immunodeficiencies, cancer, blood diseases

These diseases seriously affect immune functions, so thrush becomes quite natural.

• Venereal diseases

Candidiasis is often an accompanying disease against the background of a hidden sexually transmitted infection. Particularly noteworthy are those cases when the discharge takes on yellowish and greenish shades.

• Pollen allergy

At the present stage, the connection between pollen allergies in women and the symptoms of thrush has been proven. Those who use corticosteroids without a doctor's prescription are also at risk of infection.

• Sexual contact with a sick partner

During sexual intercourse you cannot become infected with thrush, but you can provoke its development. If a man is infected, then intimacy is the moment when the pathogen enters the vagina. If a woman’s body is weakened, then the disease develops.

Symptoms: learning to recognize the disease

In most cases, thrush has quite pronounced manifestations, which makes it possible not to confuse it with other ailments. But in 10-15% of patients it is still completely asymptomatic. Depending on the form of the disease, the nature of the manifestation of symptoms also changes:

• Candida carriage occurs unnoticed by a woman. The reason for contacting may be an outbreak of candidiasis in a sexual partner.
• The acute form is characterized by a vivid manifestation of all symptoms, which are quite strongly felt.
• Chronic thrush can have a mild course, when the symptoms are not intense enough or one or two symptoms are present.

Even if you manage to recognize thrush on your own, you should not self-medicate, as it may not only be ineffective, but also aggravate the problem. Symptoms such as:

• Swelling of the genitals
• Burning sensation during and after urination
• Redness, sometimes rash in the area where the infection is located
• Characteristic whitish cheesy discharge with a lumpy structure
• Sour smell
• Pain and discomfort during intimacy.

In patients with chronic thrush, the nature of the mucous membranes changes: they coarse, become rough and acquire a brown or brown color.

Features of male thrush

To the stronger sex, fungal infection comes to visit several times less often. The anatomy of their genital organs does not favor the establishment of infection on the mucous membranes. But the presence of the disease is not so safe: it is a symptom of more serious disorders in the body and requires immediate treatment.

Thrush in the stronger sex in most cases takes the form of candidal balanoposthitis, localizing on the glans penis and foreskin. The manifestations coincide with those of women. A characteristic whitish coating is also observed on the head of the penis. If you try to remove it, wounds and erosions may open underneath it. If women with thrush do not have an orgasm during sex, then infected men get an erection. At the same time, it is painful and causes discomfort.

Advanced candidiasis in men leads to impaired patency of the urinary canal. At the same time, the natural passage of urine and sperm is disrupted. As a result, complications such as prostatitis and vesiculitis may develop.

Treatment of thrush

You need to treat thrush not on your own, but with the help of a specialist. This also applies to those who have already encountered infection. First, the diagnosis needs to be clarified. It is also necessary to find out exactly what factors cause the disease and eliminate them. If concomitant diseases occur, they need to be treated in parallel.

Treatment of the disease occurs in most cases in a comprehensive manner in order to restore immunity simultaneously with antifungal therapy. For this, patients are prescribed vitamins, immunostimulants and mineral complexes.

Local therapy

Local medications will help treat the infection locally. They quickly cope with the symptoms of the disease, and also have no contraindications, acting on the body in a gentle manner. They must be applied directly to areas where fungal flora is spread.

Such drugs are produced in the following forms:

• Candles
• Vaginal tablets and suppositories
• Creams, ointments, gels
• Sprays
• Solutions.

Local treatment is not always effective enough. The reason for this is, as a rule, the single-component nature of the drugs.

Systemic therapy

In more complex cases, in addition to local therapy, systemic treatment is also prescribed. The tablets act on infectious agents from the inside, reaching the pathogen in all places of its localization (including in the intestines).
Most systemic drugs work on the basis of Fluconazole. As a rule, it is enough to take the drug once to neutralize the fungal flora. There are also alternative drugs.

Antifungal tablets have many contraindications and nuances of use, so only an experienced doctor should prescribe them. He will select the correct dose and frequency of use of the product so as not only to defeat thrush, but also not to harm the body.

Along with the main treatment, you need to pay attention to personal hygiene, avoid intimate relationships for this period, and also avoid eating sweets and seasoned foods. This will significantly enhance the therapeutic effect.

Traditional medicine cannot replace basic treatment, contrary to the beliefs of our grandmothers. Thanks to it, symptoms can disappear, while the infection remains in the body, becoming chronic. Traditional methods can be combined with the use of medications if the doctor allows it.

The following measures can enhance basic treatment:

• Washing with baking soda will reduce acidity
• Using a solution of potassium permanganate for hygiene procedures will dry out the mucous membrane
• Herbs (chamomile, calendula, barberry, cloves) will enhance the antifungal effect and relieve symptoms.

Thrush, if treated promptly, will not become a serious problem. Do you doubt that it's time for you to see a doctor? Then ask our specialist a question directly on this page. Don’t delay solving the problem - fix it now and be healthy.

Almost all adult women have heard of such a disease as thrush. Unfortunately, a large number of representatives of the fair sex have personally encountered this problem. In some cases, the fight against the disease drags on for months, and the disease returns again and again, reducing the quality of life and forcing once again to take medications.

What is thrush in women?

Thrush in women- this is a disease of the vagina, scientifically called candidiasis. Associations with milk among the population arose due to the fact that women have a white discharge on their genitals, similar in consistency to cottage cheese.

The causative agent of the disease is the fungus Candida albicans. Scientists estimate that this microorganism is present in the body of 80% of people as its own microflora, without causing any problems. A woman's vagina is not normally sterile. Microorganisms are present on its epithelium, including this one. It is involved in maintaining normal vaginal pH levels, which is very important for the epithelium itself and the fertilization process.

The vagina's own flora, in addition, competes with other unwanted microorganisms and reduces the likelihood of developing infectious diseases. At the same time, the immune system of the female body strictly monitors the state of affairs and, if necessary, inhibits the proliferation of “its” bacteria. If for some reason this does not happen or conditions are created for their active reproduction, then the likelihood of developing thrush increases.

Causes of thrush in women

There are quite a few reasons that can lead to disruption of the delicate balance in a woman’s body and create conditions for the development of thrush.

Taking antibacterial drugs- one of the most common reasons. Many diseases currently have to be treated with antibiotics. This is an effective group of drugs that has made it possible to eliminate many deadly diseases in just a few days and prevent the development of serious complications. However, antibiotics have their side effects. They do not act selectively on one microbe and can have a bad effect on the vagina’s own microflora.

Fungi have a completely different cell wall structure and antimicrobial antibiotics are not dangerous for them. The result is the following situation: fungi, the causative agents of thrush, remain safe and sound, but the bacteria suffer and partially die. Not a single niche in nature is empty, and the place of dead microbes is taken by Candida albicans, which simply has no competitors left. As a result, the woman develops candidiasis.

Decreased immunity, which inhibits the growth and reproduction of opportunistic flora. is the most common opportunistic infection in patients infected with HIV. If patients develop candidiasis in many places (oral cavity, vagina, intestines) and do not respond well to treatment, then there is a high probability that the underlying cause is HIV. Chronic inflammatory diseases and long-term bacterial infections can also negatively affect the body's immune defenses. ()

Impaired metabolism- almost always this condition is caused. Few people know that with this disease in the human body, not only does the regulation of sugar levels occur, but fat and protein metabolism also suffer. Diabetes mellitus contributes to the development of candidiasis through two mechanisms.

In the absence of proper control on the human side (taking medications or insulin, monitoring glucose levels), his blood contains a lot of carbohydrates. This cannot but affect their content in the intercellular space and in the vaginal mucus. It turns out that the bacteria and fungus Candida albicans find themselves in a sweet environment, which is ideal for their nutrition and reproduction - the likelihood of developing thrush increases.

Immunoglobulins- these are substances due to which the immune response of the human body is implemented. The disruption of protein metabolism, which occurs in diabetes mellitus, affects their formation only in a negative way. The result is a decrease in immunity and a lack of necessary control over the condition and composition of the microflora. Fungi readily take advantage of this, given the good nutritional environment, and multiply uncontrollably, causing candidiasis.

Unbalanced and irrational nutrition- Normally, a person should take proteins, fats and carbohydrates daily in a certain ratio by weight. Many girls and women call themselves sweet tooths and eat unaffordably large amounts of sweets, flour products, and sweet carbonated drinks. Their pancreas tries, but cannot produce enough hormone to lower their blood glucose levels to even the upper limit of normal. Then everything happens approximately as described in the case of: a lot of sugar in the blood - a lot of sugar in the vaginal epithelium - good conditions for the proliferation of Candida albicans. In addition, people who abuse sweets increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, which is much more serious and dangerous than thrush.

Hormonal background. The condition of a woman’s genital organs, including the vagina, greatly depends on the hormonal levels in her body.

Pregnancy can lead to a significant change in it, which increases the likelihood of developing thrush.

Incorrectly selected hormonal contraceptives can change the level of hormones in the blood so much that the likelihood of developing candidiasis increases.

Many diseases of the endocrine system can lead to the development of thrush. Experienced doctors always remember this and try to find that original factor. This allows not only to prevent the development of candidiasis in the future, but also to eliminate hormonal pathology, which is important.

Wearing tight synthetic underwear or improper use of sanitary pads(they need to be changed quite often) creates conditions under which heat and moisture do not escape, and these are ideal conditions for the growth of fungi.

Symptoms of thrush in a woman

The disease has quite specific manifestations, which allows doctors to quickly make the correct diagnosis. Often, women themselves, even before visiting a doctor, understand what kind of illness they have and begin to make their own attempts at treatment, which is unacceptable.

So, thrush is characterized by:

Curd-like discharge from the external genitalia. They are especially noticeable on dark underwear. They are mucus with a large number of white lumps.

Feeling of itching and burning in the vaginal area. In no case should you try to scratch the affected area too much, as this can damage the delicate inflamed epithelium and create conditions for pathogens to penetrate deep into the tissue. Also, when scratching, the discharge spreads over a large surface and causes additional inflammation.

Pain and discomfort when urinating- caused by a decrease in the protective properties of vaginal and urethral mucus. The epithelium becomes defenseless against such an aggressive liquid as urine, and inflammation increases the sensitivity of the receptors.

Pain and burning during sexual intercourse- this is just one of the reasons why you should abstain from sexual activity until the disease recedes.

Smell - it should be discussed separately. It is not very pronounced and has a sourish tint (“kefir”). In most cases, only the woman feels it, but for her it is a very big problem. Patients believe that all her interlocutors will certainly be able to catch it. Many sexually transmitted diseases and bacterial vaginosis are accompanied by a really unpleasant odor, but it has almost nothing to do with thrush.

With an erased (atypical) course of thrush and mild symptoms, women may be bothered by only one of the indicated signs. It is impossible to find out about the disease in such cases without professional help. Candidiasis often accompanies many gynecological diseases, including hidden and dangerous sexually transmitted infections. Only a qualified doctor can analyze the symptoms and prescribe the correct treatment. Self-diagnosis in severe cases of the disease is useless, and self-medication is dangerous.

A comparative table of characteristic symptoms for thrush, bacterial vaginitis and trichomoniasis can be seen in the table. It should not be considered as a diagnostic aid. Diagnoses are made by a doctor based on tests, examination and complaints of the patient. Even in such cases, the presence of other sexually transmitted infections accompanying thrush cannot be ruled out. Self-medication is unacceptable. All prescriptions must be made by the attending physician.

The first signs of the development of thrush, which make a woman wary, are:

Is thrush transmitted to men?

Normally, a man’s body constantly encounters the same fungi as a woman’s. Since they are contained in the vagina of most women, the partner’s genitals in any case come into contact with the causative agent of thrush. A man can also develop candidiasis of the genital organs, which has approximately the same manifestations and causes as in women. Therefore, if a man has a reduced immune system, has diabetes mellitus or other prerequisites, then he can easily become infected with thrush. Moreover, a sexual partner can bring a large amount of fungus into a woman’s body, which will trigger the development of the disease.

Thus, thrush is transmitted to a man only if he has the prerequisites for its development, and he does not observe basic rules of personal hygiene. In the end, it is much easier for a man to remove all pathogens from the surface of the penis by simply washing it thoroughly, unlike a woman. And sexual intercourse itself in the presence of candidiasis is a rash action, contrary to the recommendations of doctors and is unlikely to bring pleasure

For an accurate diagnosis and drawing up a complete clinical picture, the doctor must have not only test results, but also draw conclusions based on examination data. When going to see a gynecologist, a woman will have to answer a number of questions. You need to be prepared for this and, if possible, provide the most complete and reliable information that will help the doctor.

The specialist may ask:

What symptoms are you worried about? It must be described in all details.

When were the first manifestations of the disease noticed?

Have the signs of the disease changed since its onset? If yes, then how.

What is the nature of the discharge? Color, smell, abundance, consistency, all the details are important.

What causes increased symptoms? If the condition worsened, what caused it? When and for what reasons does relief occur?

Have you had symptoms before?

Have you or have not had to be treated for sexually transmitted diseases?

How active is your sex life? How many sexual partners?

How and with what do you protect yourself?

Has your partner noticed any discharge from the penis?

What medications have you taken recently? If antibiotics were prescribed, which ones?

How many days does menstruation last? What is their regularity?

Have you ever used douching or not?

Do you have any chronic diseases? If there were in the past, which ones?

After collecting the necessary information, the doctor examines the patient. A smear of the cervix and vaginal mucosa is taken. Microscopic examination of a smear can reveal fungal mycelia. This examination method is considered more informative, since it is impossible to recognize the type of fungal infection that caused thrush.

Bacterial inoculation of a smear on special nutrient media allows you to find out which fungus provoked the disease. The sensitivity of the identified colonies and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs are determined. The quantitative factor is also very important. A small number of colonies is considered normal for healthy vaginal microflora.

All ongoing research by specialists indicates a connection between thrush and other sexually transmitted infections. In most cases, candidiasis occurs in a complex manner, with the symptoms of thrush masked by hidden infections. There has been a trend of their growth and widespread distribution in recent decades. This is why doctors recommend a differential method for diagnosing thrush. This will reveal the presence of diseases such as gardnerellosis. A visit to a venereologist and taking the necessary tests makes it possible to confirm or exclude the presence of dangerous infections and draw up the correct treatment plan for thrush.

A comprehensive examination for chronic candidiasis helps to identify diabetes mellitus. The first symptom of this serious disease is thrush. If the tests show, the woman is advised to contact an endocrinologist and follow his recommendations.

The participation of a gastroenterologist is also important. To effectively treat candidiasis, an abdominal ultrasound may be necessary. Most likely, you will need to take a stool sample and check your intestines. If there are indications, FGS and other diagnostic measures are prescribed.

If thrush causes complications in the urinary system, you need to visit a urologist, undergo an examination and take the necessary tests (ultrasound of the bladder and kidneys, urine analysis according to Zimnitsky, smear from the urethra).

When should you definitely contact a gynecologist?

Relapses of candidiasis are observed more often than 4 times a year.

Treatment for a week does not produce results and does not relieve symptoms.

If, after taking prescribed medications, irritation appears in the genitals.

In cases where, due to thrush, weakness is felt, pain in the lower abdomen begins to bother.

In case of relapse of candidiasis after a course of treatment.

If blood and purulent discharge appears during treatment. Brown discharge in the middle of the therapeutic cycle is especially dangerous.

How to treat thrush in women?

If the disease is mild and the woman seeks help in a timely manner, doctors try to make do with local medications. These are tablets, creams or suppositories that are inserted into the vagina. There they quickly reach their destination and begin to act.

Most often used:

Clotrimazole;

Isoconazole;

Miconazole;

Natamycin.

These are international names of medicines. Different companies call their products differently, and nowadays any pharmacy will offer several options at once.

Choose the appropriate treatment method:

It is important to initially treat only with antifungal drugs, since broad-spectrum substances can provoke the development of other infectious diseases due to the complete destruction of the flora.

Local therapy for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the female reproductive system not only allows the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms, but also inevitably leads to an imbalance in the beneficial microflora of the vagina and a decrease in local immunity. If you do not quickly restore the lactoflora, activation of opportunistic microflora is possible, which will lead to an exacerbation of thrush or bacterial infections. For the same reason, antifungal therapy for vaginal candidiasis may not be effective enough. Therefore, it is important, after the first stage of treatment aimed at eliminating the infection, to carry out the second stage - to restore the balance of beneficial microflora with the help of Lactozhinal capsules. This is the only tribiotic drug registered in the Russian Federation. Laktozhinal quickly restores the pH and microflora of the vagina and protects for a long time from re-exacerbation of bacterial vaginosis and thrush. Two-step therapy has recently become the gold standard for the treatment of conditions accompanied by pathological discharge. Many experts are confident that only this method can provide a pronounced and long-term therapeutic effect, strengthen local immunity, which serves as the prevention of subsequent exacerbations.

Treatment of thrush accelerates the intake of vitamins and minerals. This normalizes the intestinal microflora and strengthens the immune system. Doctors advise taking pribiotics and vitamin-mineral complexes at the same time.

Antifungal drugs in gynecology for local use:

Antifungal drugs for systemic use:

Side effects. Taking antifungal tablets may cause side effects. The digestive system is the most vulnerable. Possible diarrhea, nausea, flatulence, unpleasant painful sensations in the abdominal area, impaired liver function, and changes in taste.

Side effects associated with the nervous system manifest themselves in the form of allergic reactions, etc. The most common and serious complications are caused by drugs that contain Itraconazole.

Most oral antifungal agents should not be taken during pregnancy, liver dysfunction, or hypersensitivity. Antifungal agents are prescribed only in cases where local treatment is not enough and complex therapy is required.

Diet for thrush in women

During treatment for thrush, you should exclude some foods from your diet:

any dishes containing large amounts of sugar;

sweet fruits and fruit juices;

white bread, pasta, flour products, since the starch they contain is processed by the body into glucose - a breeding ground for bacteria;

any products with yeast, because this will only increase the number of fungi in the body.

On the contrary, yoghurts with a high content of active bacteria will come in handy. Microorganisms will be good competitors for fungi and will somewhat complicate their life. Doctors say that regular consumption of such yoghurts can reduce the risk of developing candidiasis by almost 40%. The main thing is that they are unsweetened.

THERE ARE CONTRAINDICATIONS. BEFORE USE, CONSULT A DOCTOR.

Education: Diploma in Obstetrics and Gynecology received from the Russian State Medical University of the Federal Agency for Health and Social Development (2010). In 2013, she completed her postgraduate studies at NIMU named after. N.I. Pirogova.

Most women are familiar with thrush (or vaginal candidiasis) and its symptoms, caused by fungi of the genus Candida. This disease can cause a lot of unpleasant sensations and experiences, worsen the quality of life, and provoke and accompany some more severe diseases of the body.

Stress, poor personal hygiene, frequent genital tract infections, hormonal imbalance, weakened immunity, poor nutrition, taking antibiotics - these are not all the causes of this disease, which many encounter quite often in everyday life. In cases where thrush begins to appear more and more often, women ask the question: “Why does thrush often occur in me?” You can only get an answer to this question from a doctor and after a detailed examination to identify the true cause of frequent thrush

The modern rhythm of life and the current environmental situation force many of us to neglect paying attention to our health. Poor-quality food products, irrational preparation of your daily menu, constant stressful situations or depression, chronic fatigue - all this has the most negative impact on the state of our immunity and creates favorable conditions for the growth of fungi and the emergence of infectious diseases.

In addition, an unfavorable state of the immune system and nervous system can negatively affect the state of the endocrine system. Hormonal imbalance in the female body, in addition to various somatic diseases, can create ideal conditions both for infection of the woman’s genital organs and for disturbing the balance of the normal microflora of the vagina and other organs. Vaginal dysbiosis leads to rapid proliferation of fungi and the woman develops vaginal candidiasis.

An important role in provoking the increased proliferation of fungi can be played by the wrong attitude of a woman or man to the rules of intimate health. Using aggressive products for intimate hygiene, wearing synthetic underwear and clothing, using lubricants and other means for sexual intercourse, condoms of dubious quality - all these factors can create ideal conditions for the rapid proliferation of candida. In some cases, the cause of frequent thrush may be a constant change of sexual partner or his infidelity and frivolous attitude towards casual sex. This reason for the appearance of frequent thrush is explained by the fact that men can be carriers of candida, and a woman will become infected during unprotected sexual intercourse.

Another common cause of frequent vaginal candidiasis is self-medication and uncontrolled use of antibacterial drugs. Self-prescription of anti-candidiasis drugs can lead to the development of chronic or sluggish forms of thrush, and uncontrolled and frequent use of antibiotics with or without cause can lead to constant episodes of disturbance of the vaginal microflora and the growth of candida.

There are many predisposing factors for the development of frequent candidal diseases, including thrush. And their timely and accurate detection, which in most cases is impossible without a detailed examination, will help women prevent frequent relapses of thrush and complications caused by this “popular” disease.

What to do?

On numerous women's forums you can often find: “Thrush has started, what to do” or “What to do with thrush?” The only correct answer to these similar questions can only be advice on the advisability of seeing a doctor to determine the cause of its occurrence and prescribe adequate treatment.

Vaginal candidiasis is accompanied by characteristic symptoms, but women often confuse them with manifestations of other infections and conditions. Self-prescription of medications in such cases only leads to a worsening of the disease.

If a woman: “guessed” that she had thrush, decided to take one or another anti-candidiasis drug and, without consulting a doctor, self-medicated, chronic candidiasis may develop, caused by the fact that the thrush was “not treated” or the wrong drug was chosen. This picture of the development of candidiasis is explained by the fact that about 155 species of fungi of the genus Candida can provoke this disease, and it is possible to choose the right antifungal drug only after an analysis. The duration of taking an antimycotic drug and the validity of its discontinuation can only be determined after analyzing the presence of candida in a smear and assessing the effectiveness of treatment.

Thrush is a rather unpleasant disease in itself. If frequent thrush appears, the reasons can be very diverse and depend both on the actions of the patients themselves and on the strain of the Candida fungus.

Reasons for the recurrence of thrush

Candidiasis in women does not always occur once.

A periodically recurring disease gives reason to say that this is frequent thrush, and there are several reasons that provoke a relapse:

1. One of them is disruption of the endocrine system. The risk group includes patients with diabetes, obesity, and hypothyroidism. As a result of the high concentration of sugar in the body and in the vagina in particular, the acidic environment practically disappears, creating favorable conditions for the activation and growth of Candida fungi.
2. Relapse may also occur as a result of taking certain medications. The risk group consists of patients who use potent drugs uncontrollably. As a result, the ratio of beneficial and pathogenic microflora in the vagina is disrupted, and acidity decreases.
3. Decreased immunity during pregnancy is the next reason. The body of the expectant mother spends major resources on protection from external factors and bearing the fetus. As a result, his strength is depleted. At the same time, hormonal levels change, which affects the immune system.
4. As a result of changes in hormonal levels, the immune system also weakens in women who have reached menopause. The risk group consists of women over 40.
5. Taking combined oral contraceptives has the side effect of changing hormonal levels. The risk group consists of girls and women of childbearing age.
6. Thrush can make itself known again, being a “companion” of a sexually transmitted disease or appearing after it. Usually, for thrush to appear, it is enough to be promiscuous. A woman periodically heals candidiasis, which reappears under unfavorable conditions.
7. Frequent thrush is caused by repeated viruses. The risk group consists of people who have recently suffered a serious illness. Their immunity is weakened, their body’s strength is strained.
8. Unprotected sex can lead to the formation of microcracks in a woman’s genitals, through which infection can enter.
9. The use of aromatic synthetic pads or tampons is also a provoking factor. A greenhouse humid environment favorable for the proliferation of Candida fungi is created in the vagina.
10. In some cases, infection with thrush as a result of non-compliance with sanitation rules during surgery on the pelvic organs is also possible.
11. Even a change from the usual cool climate to a hot tropical resort can trigger the appearance of candidiasis.

Treatment of the disease

Even with primary infection, thrush is not such a safe disease. Spreading to the reproductive organs, it causes inflammation and can ultimately even lead to infertility. Therefore, subsequent recurrence of thrush is all the more dangerous for health.

There is a group of women who must seek medical help if thrush recurs. It includes the following categories:

• girls under 16 and older women over 60 years old;
• pregnant women;
• women with abnormal vaginal bleeding;
• women with allergies.

You should also consult a doctor in the following cases:

• when ulcers and blisters occur, which are combined with obvious signs of thrush;
• with frequent recurrence of the disease;
• when thrush occurs as a result of a sexually transmitted disease;
• if thrush occurs after surgical treatment of an internal organ.

Since persistent thrush is difficult to treat, therapy should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor. Initially, standard treatment is carried out. Oral antifungal drugs are prescribed for the treatment of the disease in general, as well as gels and ointments for local treatment of the vagina. Later, preventive treatment is carried out for six months. An antifungal drug is prescribed.

There are cases that even after this period, all the signs of thrush remain. In this case, repeated tests show that it is not thrush, but another vaginal disease, or that candidiasis belongs to one of the hard-to-treat strains of this group of fungi. As a result, thrush appears again.

How to prevent thrush from recurring?

In order not to provoke the appearance of thrush, you should not constantly douche. Excessive hygiene, as well as non-compliance with it, is not beneficial. As a result of constant washing of the vagina, beneficial microflora is gradually washed out of its cavity. Pathogenic candidiasis begins to infect the vagina.

You need to wash in the shower, and wash yourself with natural soap without adding aggressive impurities and fragrances. After washing, the genitals should be thoroughly wiped dry. Beautiful nylon underwear is only suitable for a romantic evening with your sexual partner. And it cannot be used for constant wear. A woman will feel much healthier wearing natural underwear made from cotton fabric. The same applies to tight clothing.

If life has turned out in such a way that it is necessary to take a course of antibiotics, then you need to try to take prebiotics at the same time. They will get rid of dysbiosis. And this, in turn, will eliminate the risk of contracting thrush through the anus.

And most importantly: it is necessary to use a condom during sex, even with a regular sexual partner. It will protect against possible infection with thrush during sexual intercourse.