Dehydration of the body in case of poisoning. Remedy for dehydration. What to do with dehydration. Confectionery poisoning

Are you here: Healthy Recipes

And other unpleasant conditions of the body, dehydration can also occur.

In today's article, we will talk about dehydration: signs, causes and ways to prevent dehydration, because correct actions in certain situations can save more than one human life. So…

Dehydration of the body (dehydration)- a pathological condition of the body caused by a decrease in the amount of water in it below the physiological norm necessary for the normal functioning of all human organs.

The human body consists of an average of 60% water. Digestion is based on water, it lubricates the joints, helps to remove waste products of vital activity, and is required for breathing, because the lungs need constant moisture to saturate the blood with oxygen and free it from excess carbon dioxide.

Without water, a person can survive from 3 to 10 days, which depends on the ambient air temperature, physical activity and the psychological state of the person.

Dehydration is deadly in both hot and cold weather.

A sharp loss of a large amount of fluid by the body, or its presence in a small amount, sharply increases the feeling of thirst, but if you start drinking water immoderately, this can lead to severe swelling and even death.

Dehydration is very dangerous for children, the elderly, and especially for newborn babies. Watch the symptoms closely, and as soon as this group of people develops an illness that causes high fever, nausea, or diarrhea, contact your doctor right away!

Types and degrees of dehydration of the body

Dehydration levels:

- mild dehydration (loss of 5-6% or 1-2 liters of water);
- medium (loss 6-10% or 2-4 liters);
- severe (loss of 10% or more than 4 liters);
- acute (loss of more than 10 liters of water) - this degree of dehydration is life threatening.

Types of dehydration:

- isotonic (salt composition of the blood is normal);
- hypertensive (increased concentration of blood salts);
- hypotonic (reduced concentration of blood salts).

Causes of dehydration

and (for example, caused by food poisoning);
increased sweating (may be associated with hot weather, increased physical activity or intense training);
or ;
frequent urination;
(a headache in the morning is a sign of dehydration);
burns.

Important! Loss of 20-25% of water is fatal.

The first signs of dehydration:

- dry mouth and viscous saliva;
- dark urine with a pungent odor, rarely and in small quantities;
- apathy, irritation;
— ;
— , ;
— .

Symptoms of dehydration (from mild to severe on the rise):

- strong thirst;
- general malaise;
- slowdown of movements;
- lack of appetite;
- skin redness;
- drowsiness;
- the appearance of dark circles under the eyes;
- increased heart rate;
- increase in body temperature;
- , vomit;
- gastrointestinal disorders;

shortness of breath;
tingling in the limbs;
a decrease in blood volume and an increase in its viscosity;
lack of salivation and dry eyes;
cyanosis;
slurred speech;
loss of ability to move;
rave;
muscle spasms;
swelling of the tongue;
inability to swallow;
dullness of hearing and vision;
involuntary urination;
body cooling.

Complications of dehydration

- damage to the kidneys;
- shock (, rapid breathing, cold sweat, clammy skin, rapid pulse, weak pulse, loss of consciousness);
- dehydration can be fatal, especially in infectious diseases and in the weakened.

Consequences of dehydration

If dehydration of the body in the initial stages is not prevented in time, and the progression of the condition is allowed, this leads to a decrease in the volume of intracellular fluid, which in turn leads to the onset of irreversible processes.

The effects of dehydration can manifest as:

- violations of the processes of food processing and transportation of vital substances;
— ;
- weakening of the immune system, and as a result, the development of various diseases;
- premature aging.

Treatment for dehydration- This is the fastest restoration of the body's water balance.

For severe dehydration, there is so little liquid that blood circulation is disturbed, and all vital organs for the life of the body begin to “starve”. Treatment of severe dehydration is carried out only in stationary conditions, so be sure to call an ambulance with its symptoms.

Treatment of moderate and severe form includes intravenous fluids and inpatient care.

Treatment of mild to moderate dehydration is focused on restoring the lost volume of fluid and blood and in most cases, depending on the accompanying symptoms, is allowed at home.

Treatment of mild to moderate dehydration

1. Provide the victim with complete rest. Lay the patient on a flat surface and, if possible, place the patient in a cool, damp room with good air circulation.

2. Give the victim plenty of fluids to drink. For this it is recommended to use:

- ordinary water;
– drinks containing carbohydrate/electrolyte/ / (mineral water);
- frozen juices and ice chips;
- Drinks containing glucose.

You need to drink liquid slowly and in small portions. You can use a tube for this.

3. To accelerate the recovery of lost intracellular and intercellular fluid, as well as restore the water-salt balance of the body, you can give the patient special (rehydration) medicines: "", "Gastrolit", "Orasan".

Rehydrating solution at home, recipe: 1 teaspoon sugar, 1 cup orange juice and ¾ teaspoon salt. Drink in small sips 3 times a day.

3. If dehydration has occurred as a result of overheating, it is necessary to direct efforts towards normalization, for this:

- put a person in a well-ventilated and cool room, if possible, direct a fan at him;
- remove all excess clothing from the patient, loosen the rest;
- attach a wet, cool cloth to your forehead, and if possible, wrap the whole person with a similar cloth, or let him take a shower;
- periodically a person can be sprayed with cool water;

When taking actions aimed at normalizing body temperature, make sure that the person is not overcooled, otherwise the blood vessels will narrow, and the restoration of health will be delayed, in addition, it can cause other diseases.

Urgently see a doctor if:

1. Dehydration of the body has occurred in an infant, a child under 10 years of age, or an elderly person;

2. There is dehydration in severe or acute forms:

Prevention of dehydration

Dehydration is much easier to prevent than to treat later.

To prevent dehydration:

— drink at least 2-3 liters of clean water (not including other drinks) throughout the day, regardless of the weather and your level of activity;
- drink plenty of water, especially with fever, nausea and diarrhea;
- active children on a walk on a hot day should drink at least 150 g of water every 30 minutes;
- adults in hot weather during physical exertion should drink at least 1 liter of water per hour;
- make it a habit to always have a bottle of plain water with you and drink it throughout the day.

For the normal functioning of our body, which is 70% water, it is necessary to constantly monitor its level of hydration. If there is not enough fluid in the body, then the water-salt balance will be disturbed and dehydration will occur. It can be manifested by a slight feeling of thirst, and in severe forms it can be fatal. Dehydration is especially dangerous in hot weather, when the liquid actively evaporates from the body. Our simple homemade recipes and helpful tips will help you protect yourself from dehydration and prevent unpleasant consequences.

Dehydration is a process in which the body loses more fluid than it receives. Every cell in the human body needs oxygen and water to function normally. No one is immune from dehydration, but children, the elderly, and patients with chronic diseases are at risk.

The most common causes of dehydration are:

great physical activity in the heat,
diarrhea,
vomit,
increased sweating,
frequent urination.

The symptoms of this disease vary depending on the severity of its manifestation. Signs of mild to moderate dehydration:

dry mouth
headache,
thirst,
rare urination,
dry skin,
fatigue,
muscle spasms,
dizziness,
constipation,
general weakness.

Symptoms of severe or chronic dehydration include:

intense thirst,
confusion,
sunken eyes,
dry skin with loss of elasticity,
virtually no urination
severe dry mouth
rapid breathing,
low Blood Pressure,
cardiopalmus,
fainting or loss of consciousness.

If not treated in time, dehydration can lead to a number of serious health complications. For severe dehydration, you should see a doctor immediately, for moderate dehydration, you can take preventive measures at home. Below we publish useful tips and homemade recipes for the treatment of this disease.

The first and most important rule of thumb for preventing dehydration in hot weather is to increase your fluid intake. Doctors' advice for treating dehydration at its first symptoms also begins with recommendations to increase the water content in the body.

A person needs to drink enough water throughout the day, even if he does not feel thirsty. On average, a healthy man in a temperate climate should consume about three liters of water per day, and a woman about two liters of water per day.

In addition to ordinary water, it is useful to include more broths and soups in the amount of fluid consumed, as a measure to prevent dehydration. With their help, you can replenish the lost minerals and vitamins. They are also effective in the treatment of dehydration. To make the broth or soup even healthier, add zucchini, radishes or celery to it. Chicken and meat broths are considered the most nutritious. In the heat, treat yourself to popsicles that are easy to make yourself. To do this, just pour freshly squeezed juice into an ice tray and put it in the freezer to cool.

In the forefront of dairy foods that are useful in the fight against dehydration, yogurt is one of the most effective remedies for vomiting and diarrhea. This product is a real "spring" of electrolytes. In addition, yogurt is easy to digest and soothes the stomach. Homemade recipes for dehydration often include yogurt dishes. On hot days, it is useful to consume it several times a day and preferably without sweet fillers. It is better to add low-calorie foods such as low-fat cottage cheese or regular boiled rice with a little salt to yogurt.

Buttermilk, or fat-free cream obtained from the production of butter, is another wonderful remedy for dehydration, recognized by the ancient teachings of Ayurveda. Buttermilk is rich in minerals that are lost in the body through excessive sweating. As a dehydration preventive measure, drink this dairy product several times a day, or drink a cup of kefir mixed with dry ginger instead.

When the body is dehydrated, it is very important to quickly restore the lost fluid and minerals. There is one easy way to achieve this with a rehydration solution. You can cook it yourself according to a homemade recipe:

Add half a teaspoon of salt and six teaspoons of sugar to four glasses of water.
Stir the solution thoroughly until the sugar and salt are completely dissolved.
Drink the resulting solution several times a day until you fully recover from dehydration.
If you do not want to prepare the solution yourself, then you can purchase a similar remedy at a pharmacy.

Equally useful are homemade recipes using barley and water. Such solutions help to quickly return a dehydrated body to a normal state. Nutrients contained in barley replenish minerals lost during dehydration. Here is one of the simple recipes:

Bring water with barley to a boil.
Let the resulting solution cool and then strain it.
Add some honey and lemon juice.

Another easy way to restore a dehydrated body is lemon water. In addition to moisturizing, lemon juice fills the body with energy and gives a charge of vivacity. Making lemon water at home is easy:

For one glass of water, you need to take half a lemon.
Add a teaspoon of honey, half a teaspoon of ground black pepper and a pinch of salt.
Drink the resulting drink should be regularly for one month.

Many fruits contain a considerable amount of liquid, and, therefore, they can become good defenders of the body from dehydration. At the first symptoms of dehydration, try to eat more juicy vegetables and fruits. According to many studies, such foods hydrate the body twice as effectively as a glass of plain water.

Watery fruits and vegetables contain minerals, sugars, salts and work in a similar way to isotonic drinks that athletes drink. Fruits and vegetables that should be included in the diet of every person - watermelon, grapefruit, melon, strawberries, oranges, cucumbers, grapes, papaya, zucchini, spinach and tomatoes. Eat them as a snack, make fruit or vegetable smoothies, add them to salads.

Bananas deserve special attention. It is an excellent fruit to treat dehydration, as the body also loses a lot of potassium along with fluid loss. And there is a lot of this trace element in bananas. In addition, this fruit will help restore the performance of tight muscles that do not function well with a lack of water in the body. It is useful to eat two bananas during the day or make smoothies and shakes from them.

Doctors advice to protect against dehydration:

Avoid strenuous exercise in hot weather.
Rest in a cool place.
Carry a bottle of water with you.
In the heat, do not drink soda, sugary drinks and coffee.
Don't drink alcohol.
Do not eat a lot of sweets and sugar.
If you are often in the heat, wear breathable clothing made from organic materials.
When dehydrated, eat juicy fruits and liquid foods.
If you become dehydrated while exercising, drink sports drinks that contain electrolytes.

Adhering to all these rules, you will always feel healthy, cheerful and full of energy!

The first symptom of dehydration is, of course, an increased feeling of thirst, however, not everyone has it from the very beginning of this pathological process. The surest sign of its presence can be called a change in the color and amount of urine: if its volume has significantly decreased, and the color has become dark yellow, this indicates a lack of fluid in the human body and the need to replenish it.

In addition, the sure signs of dehydration are severe sweating at high temperatures and physical exertion, dark circles under the eyes, a noticeable decrease in activity, overwork, and various disturbances in the functioning of the senses.

It is known that the lack of fluid in the first place has a negative impact on the brain, since it is 85% water. In conditions of its shortage, the production of energy in the brain is sharply reduced, which greatly affects the senses. That is why among the symptoms of dehydration should be identified and such as:

Irritability and restlessness;
Despondency and depression;
Weakening of sexual desire;
Heaviness in the head and headaches;
Food cravings, cravings for alcohol, smoking and drugs.

All these signs of dehydration may indicate the initial stage of depression, which can provoke the development of chronic fatigue in a person. According to some experts, the lack of water in the brain tissue is a direct cause of continuous social stress, accompanied by feelings of self-doubt, fear, anxiety and other emotional problems.

The most serious symptoms of dehydration that develop if the required amount of fluid is not restored are:

General weakness;
Confusion of consciousness leading to fainting;
Dullness and flabbiness of the skin;
convulsions;
Tachycardia.

These indicators of water deficiency, left unattended, often lead to complications such as kidney damage, shock, and even death.

Treatment for dehydration

Experts note that dehydration is easier to prevent than to treat. Therefore, regardless of the level of activity and health status, it is necessary to consume the maximum amount of fluid during the day. The risk group primarily includes young children and the elderly, especially with attacks of nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and fever.

Treatment of dehydration involves the constant use of water, but with the loss of electrolytes, it is necessary to compensate for the lack of sodium and potassium. To restore salts, there are such special formulations as glucosolan or citraglucosolan, which can be used both for prevention and for mild dehydration. It is recommended to add a little salt to drinking water during or after heavy physical exertion. However, this method is considered effective only in the case of drinking a large amount of drink during the day.

When fluid deficiency leads to a significant decrease in blood pressure, which is life threatening, solutions containing sodium chloride are administered intravenously. In addition, to treat dehydration, it is necessary to eliminate the cause that provoked it. For example, with diarrhea, in addition to restoring the right amount of water, you should take drugs that correct the stool. If the kidneys excrete a lot of water, you may need treatment with a synthetic hormone.

After eliminating the cause of dehydration, it is necessary to monitor fluid intake and prevent relapses. For this, an adult is recommended to drink at least 2-3 liters of water daily, especially in hot weather and during significant physical exertion.

Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:

Dehydration, also called dehydration, refers to a state of acute lack of water in the body, which is necessary for metabolic, physiological and chemical processes that do not stop for a second during our lives.

As a result of dehydration, pathological phenomena are manifested, which are provoked by violations of the mechanisms of water-electrolyte metabolism. Fluid is the foundation of every cell, a component of the blood, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid. With a decrease in its level, the process of blood clotting starts in the body, when water molecules move into the intercellular space and the functionality of the cells is disrupted.

This condition is especially dangerous for children, since at an early age the regulatory mechanism of water metabolism has not yet been established, and it is extremely difficult for the body to overcome pathology. No less difficult is dehydration in the elderly, since with age, compensatory functions also lose their usefulness. MirSovetov will tell you how to deal with the problem of dehydration.

The main causes of dehydration

There are several reasons that lead a person to water depletion. Among the main factors of fluid loss are the following:

prolonged overheating in the open sun - heat stroke;
an increase in diuresis that occurs with certain types of diseases;
increased sweating;
loss of water due to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - vomiting;
malnutrition;
temperature fluctuations in fever;
increased urine output with hypervitaminosis D, Addison's disease, kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism, improper use of diuretics;
forced refusal to drink fluids.

Normally, blood plasma is 90% water. Lack or thickening of blood provokes narrowing of peripheral capillaries and blood vessels, which manifests itself in hemodynamic disorders -, or. In cases where the stage of dehydration is aggravated, the phenomenon often ends in death.

Symptoms of dehydration

The most obvious manifestation of dehydration is thirst, but you should not focus on it only, as this may not correspond to the full severity of the condition. Experts distinguish between three degrees of dehydration. Let's take a closer look at the symptoms of each of them.

In the mild stage of dehydration (1-1.5% of body weight), pay attention to the following symptoms:

sticky saliva, dry mouth;
increased thirst;
decreased urination with darkening of the color of the liquid.

You may be diagnosed with moderate dehydration (6-10% of your body weight) if you notice the following symptoms:

extreme thirst for water;
the mucous membrane of the eyes cannot water;
wrinkled skin;
changes in the emotional state - first excitement, then - sharp irritability;
mild dizziness;
decreased urination, while the liquid has a brown tint;
limb cooling;
skin numbness;
appearance of muscle.

You can define severe dehydration (11-20% of body weight) if you have diagnosed yourself with at least one of the following symptoms:

severe dizziness that occurs when lying down;
changes in behavioral reactions - a sharp feeling of fear, inattention, embarrassment, etc .;
fainting state, which manifests itself 2 minutes after getting up;
weakness in the limbs when it is impossible to stand up or move around;
rapid breathing and weak pulse;
clammy and cold skin, and sometimes vice versa - hot and dry;
no urination for more than 12 hours;
loss of consciousness.

By the time severe dehydration sets in, there is not enough fluid in the human body to transport blood to vital organs. In this case, death can occur, so immediately call an ambulance.

How can you provide first aid?

Every minute waiting for a carriage can cost a human life. To avoid sad consequences, it is worth remembering a few rules for providing first aid to the victim.

So, the main task is to replenish the liquid volume in the body of a dehydrated person. To do this, it is necessary to give the patient water so that he drinks it in very small sips. It is advisable to choose drinks with a high electrolyte content - these can be frozen juices, sports tonics, melted ice chips. If you have plain water at hand, also let your body get enough.

Then try to cool the body. This will help to do the following manipulations:

Remove outer clothing, shirt and trousers if possible.
If there is a room nearby with - take the exhausted person there.
If there is one nearby, wrap the body with a damp towel and seat the patient under a stream of air.
You can use a spray bottle.
Avoid excessive hypothermia to prevent constriction of blood vessels.

The victim should be taken to the hospital if he has symptoms such as: lethargy, pain in the chest or abdomen, fainting, unconsciousness,.

Examinations for dehydration

With dehydration, doctors prescribe general tests that can be used to assess the state of exhaustion of the body. will show the degree of thickening of the blood plasma, the number of red blood cells, as well as indicators of blood coagulation. Diagnosis displays an increase / decrease in the specific gravity of urine. A will indicate directly the amount of electrolytes in the plasma.

Treatment for dehydration

The main goal of treating dehydration is to restore the volume of blood and fluids in the body. Depending on the severity of the patient's condition, the degree of progression of dehydration, doctors use various methods of struggle.

Fluid therapy is the most effective and easiest way to treat water depletion. The essence of the technique is to fully saturate the body with a liquid, which contains carbohydrate in large quantities. If victims do not have vomiting, nausea or fainting, then water is consumed orally. And in cases of severe dehydration, the fluid is administered intravenously.

With the onset of visible improvements, with the permission of the doctor, the patient can go to a home hospital. However, if the victim is hard to recover, he has a fever, symptoms of infection, loss of consciousness, then he should be under the supervision of a specialist until recovery.

Prevention of dehydration

The danger of the consequences of dehydration is so great that it can sometimes be very expensive. In order not to expose your body to such tests, it is necessary to prevent possible dehydration at the very first stage. To prevent fluid deficiency, you must follow simple recommendations:

In dry weather, long trips, strenuous exercise or, always have a bottle of water handy.
Make sure children and seniors in your family drink enough fluids per day.
Refrain from physical activity when the weather is hot and dry.
Avoid consumption, especially in hot weather, as it blocks the ability to feel the symptoms of the first stage of dehydration.
On sunny and dry days, try to wear clothes in light colors, preferably from natural fabrics and loose fit.
Try to stay in the shade or in air-conditioned rooms.

Ecology of consumption. There are simple signs that will allow you to answer this question yourself, without resorting to laboratory research. When water loss exceeds 2% of body weight, a decrease in the functional and cognitive level of the body begins.

There are simple signs that will allow you to answer this question yourself without resorting to laboratory tests. When water loss exceeds 2% of body weight, a decrease in the functional and cognitive level of the body begins.

After the body loses more than 5% of the fluid, the rate of sweating and skin blood flow begin to decrease, and because of this, the body's ability to distribute excess heat accumulated in the body suffers. A lack of fluid in the amount of 6-10% of body weight will reduce the body's endurance during physical activity by reducing the volumetric blood flow rate of the heart, sweating, and skin and muscle blood flow.

Sign of dehydration 1:

feeling of thirst.

Thirst is a sign that the body is lacking fluid and needs to be replenished. In a previous article, I wrote in detail about the test sip method and its features. Let me remind you once again that thirst disappears before the moisture deficit is compensated, so it is important to have access to water even after quenching your thirst. Under stress, the feeling of thirst can be dulled.

Sign of dehydration 2 : change in color and amount of urine.

One of the most obvious signs of dehydration is dark urine and decreased frequency of urination. Her dark color and pungent odor also talk about dehydration. And the darker the urine, and the stronger its smell, the more the body is dehydrated. All details in the picture.

Dehydration is a serious disease that parents don't notice. More precisely, they see some alarming signs, but they attribute them to fatigue, overwork, and a cold.

And precious time is wasted. It is very important to look at dehydration(dehydration), and promptly help the child.

Violation of the water balance is a pathology that is more susceptible to just small children. And it is for them that the state is most dangerous, the most important metabolic processes, including brain ones, are violated.

The immune defense does not yet work to its full potential, and the child's body is not so strong in self-regulation, because dehydration happens pretty quickly(in comparison with an adult), and the mechanism of complications also starts quickly. We will talk about the first signs of dehydration in a child in the article.

How does Quincke's edema manifest in children? Learn about it from our.

General concept

This is a pathological condition, it is associated with decrease in the amount of water in the body when it falls below the required physiological values.

Dehydration is always accompanied by a failure of metabolic processes. It is not a separate disease, it is only a complication of the disease that develops very quickly.

especially hard recognize dehydration in an infant, meanwhile, the rate of pathological changes, as well as the scale, is very high.

Severity

There are three levels of severity - mild, moderate and severe. Lost in mild no more than 5% liquid, and it usually occurs in the first hours after.

With moderate severity, water is lost by 6-10%, develops from a day to a day and a half, usually against the background of a very high temperature and refusal to drink.

Severe dehydration is defined as fluid loss of 10% or more, resulting from incessant vomiting and diarrhea.

When does it occur?

Most often, dehydration is the result of viral or bacterial infection. Since bacteria and viruses provoke the production of poisons, which poison the cellular composition of the body.

And the body itself, in order to overcome the problem, includes all means of protection - the temperature rises, vomiting and diarrhea develop, loss of appetite is noted.

Also can lead to dehydration:

Exactly small children are at risk There is more water in a child's body than in an adult. Also, children have a high rate of water-electrolyte metabolism, but the renal and neurohumoral mechanisms of the regulatory processes of water and salts are not yet so perfect.

How is it manifested?

How do you know if a child is dehydrated? If the child is under one year old and has vomiting, severe diarrhea, fever- you need to immediately call an ambulance. Do not run to the clinic, do not wait until the pediatrician comes, namely, call a medical team.

Dehydration develops almost at lightning speed, you can only notice that the child is lethargic, think that it is starting, and things are already taking a dangerous turn.

Call doctors urgently with these symptoms:

the baby has dry mucous membranes of the mouth and tongue;
the skin became grayish;
increased viscosity of saliva;
the child is lethargic and sleepy.

Similar emergency medical call requires a state when the child is constantly crying, he is restless, while crying is dry (without tears).

The fontanelles on the head sink down in the baby, the pulse quickens, he pees less often, while the urine is dark with a pungent odor. The baby's eyes sink, and there is an acute feeling of thirst.

How to provide first aid?

Babies simply won’t be able to drink a lot, it’s physically unrealistic, because parents themselves can’t do anything - actions can aggravate the situation.

You need to call a doctor immediately. If the doctor sees a mild degree, he will prescribe treatment, and may even leave the child at home. But more often the baby is hospitalized.

Older children need to be given plenty of fluids. Moreover, special solutions. This is Regidron, Oralit, you can drink Pedilight, Glucosolan.

In the first five hours, the solution is given every 10 minutes, 5-15 ml. When the child's condition improves, the solution is reduced, but it must still satisfy the physiological needs. If the child does not drink at all, you can pour the solution into his cheek with a syringe without a needle.

How to replace pharmaceutical powder?

What to do if there is no rehydrate at home? You don’t have to run as fast as you can to the pharmacy (especially since this is not always possible), make your own rehydration solution.

For 1 liter of boiled cooled water, take half a teaspoon of salt, 4 teaspoons of sugar, half a teaspoon of baking soda and half a teaspoon of potassium chloride.

Ready solution is used only a day.

In this case, the liquid should be at room temperature, since hot drinks take moisture away, but cold drinks will simply pass through.

What is absolutely impossible to do?

It is absolutely impossible to wait, hoping that it will pass by itself. You can not overheat the child, you can not give drugs that the doctor did not prescribe. Do not give antiemetics, these drugs are given strictly limited in special cases, and older children.

The scheme is simple: there are alarming signs - call a doctor. For children under one year old, this is only an ambulance; older children can call a pediatrician. In the meantime, he goes to drink rehydration solution.

Why is this condition dangerous?

What are the consequences? Dehydration is extremely dangerous for the brain. During dehydration, the barrier function of the capillaries of the brain is disrupted, as a result of which dangerous substances can enter the brain.

Water is as important to the brain as oxygen. Dehydration is also dangerous for the circulatory system - blood thickens, and its main cells reduce their activity.

For babies, dehydration is dangerous - it leads to borderline conditions, if urgent help is not provided.

How to recognize an appendicitis attack in a child? find out right now.

When is medical attention needed?

Call an ambulance urgently if the child has become unusually weak, if his fontanelles sink down, his eyes roll up.

Too lethargic, like a sleepy child, refusing to eat and drink - this is a reason to call an ambulance.

If you assume that the ambulance will travel for a long time, and the children's hospital is nearby - take the child yourself. The telephone number of the local pediatrician should always be at hand.

Dial it and find out how and what to do, describe the child's condition. This way you will be calm, coordinated by professional advice, and not lose valuable time.

Diagnostics

The doctor examines the child, but the information that the parents will tell is no less important. You should monitor how often the child pees, if there is no urination for more than 6 hours, this is the most obvious indicator dehydration.

The color and smell of urine is also indicative - when dehydrated, it becomes dark, and the smell is sharper.

Sluggish or, conversely, hyperactive, crying without tears - all this indicates dehydration.

Methods of treatment and drugs

After examining the baby, after determining the degree of dehydration, the doctor determines where the child is best treated.

Mild dehydration usually treated at home.

The baby takes special solutions that restore the water-salt balance. Babies under two years of age are usually prescribed Regidron and Rehydrolit.

Moderate severity is already an indication for inpatient treatment, albeit a short one. The child will be injected with an infusion solution, and watch how the small body begins to make up for the lack of water. Discharged home when the child becomes better, and he begins to drink.

With a severe degree of dehydration, the child is urgently transferred to a hospital.

There he will have a full examination, infusion therapy, self-treatment of the infection, if the latter is diagnosed.

Recovery Diet

If the child is already two years old, then in addition to the rehydration solution, he can be given non-carbonated mineral water, as well as a light soup on the water. Can vegetable or chicken broth.

If the baby's last vomiting was over four hours ago, you can offer him a banana, an apple, unsweetened rice porridge, boiled potatoes or durum pasta.

For about a couple of days, the diet should be like this, carbohydrate.

Then, if the baby feels well, gradually can be translated to a more varied diet.

Sweets are not included in the principle of a restorative diet. Even in the smallest amount. Remember that they are only help the infection get comfortable in the body and "support" the inflammatory process.

Prevention

A child of any age, especially a small one, should strictly observe the drinking regimen. This is, of course, the responsibility of the parents. Water is not replaced by juice, soda, tea or coffee.

You can offer your baby water that is slightly sweetened with honey and a slice of lemon.

It is healthy and tasty, and if you give such a drink to a baby from an early age(provided that he doesn’t have any for honey), he will not like juices and lemonades so much.

In hot dry weather and with a jump in temperature, the volumes of the liquid increase. Even one-time diarrhea and vomiting require an increase in drinking volumes. You need to drink little, but often. It is impossible to refuse breastfeeding, only if the doctor insists on this with reason.

Dehydration - real serious danger for a child.

Even if the parents are adherents of the theory that it is not worth calling the doctor once again, in a threatening situation they should discard their arguments, because the child needs to be saved elementarily.

How to identify dehydration in a child? You can learn about it from the video:

We kindly ask you not to self-medicate. Sign up to see a doctor!

Hello dear readers! We all know about the health benefits of plain plain water. But do you know about dehydration - the other side of the human need for water? What is the danger of its deficiency in the body and how to find out if your body is suffering from dehydration? This will be discussed today.

A person without water can live no more than 3 days, and this despite the fact that the proportion of fluid in a healthy person is two-thirds of body weight. Even a slight decrease leads to pathological changes because any single cell cannot function without water. Why this is happening, let's figure it out together.

The fluid that exists in the body is in three states. This:

blood circulating through the blood vessels;
intercellular fluid that fills the intercellular space;
intracellular fluid (cytosol), which acts as a nutrient medium for cells.

An organism that is not deficient in fluid contains approximately 94% water, and a cell contains 75%. According to the law of osmotic pressure, water enters the cell, carrying nutrients (trace elements, etc.)

The regulation of the volume and electrolyte structure of body fluids is carried out by neuroendocrine and renal control systems. A stable balance of the osmotic pressure of blood, intercellular and intracellular fluids is one of the key factors that ensure the normal functioning of cells.

Dehydration - causes

The most natural cause of dehydration is prolonged lack of water. This happens quite rarely, usually it happens in extreme situations. The other most common causes of deficiency are:

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by profuse diarrhea, vomiting or sweating, during which a large amount of fluid is lost and, along with it, electrolytes that are involved in water-salt metabolism.
Profuse sweating usually occurs in people who are intensively engaged in physical work or exercise, during diseases accompanied by fever, as well as in women with pathological menopause.
Increased urination, which is more common with diabetes and diabetes insipidus.
Taking diuretics and drugs that have diuretic side effects, these include antihypertensive and antihistamines.
The use of alcohol and drugs also contribute to the removal of fluid from the body.

young children, who are most often exposed to intestinal infections, the elderly;
older people in most cases suffer from chronic diseases, which is often accompanied by a dulling of thirst, poor adaptation to the environment;
athletes who sweat a lot during training and lose a lot of fluid;
people who live in a hot and humid climate zone and often consume sugary carbonated drinks, Coca-Cola and alcohol.

Types of dehydration

Given the main cause of dehydration and its duration, the following types of dehydration are distinguished.

Hypertonic view – intracellular dehydration. It develops with a large loss of water, which manifests itself with severe diarrhea and profuse sweating. As a result, an increase in sodium electrolytes in the blood plasma is provoked. The volume of blood increases due to the interstitial fluid. The lack of intercellular fluid is compensated by the fluid from the cells due to osmotic pressure.

Hypotonic type- extracellular dehydration, develops more often with intense vomiting. As a result of a large loss of fluid in the blood, the concentration of sodium falls. To equalize homeostasis from the intercellular space, sodium salts will be mixed into the bloodstream, and water - into the intercellular space. And again, due to osmotic pressure, water from the intercellular space moves into the cell, and potassium salts from the cell into the intercellular space, and subsequently out of the body with urine.

Isotonic type- here there is a proportional gradual loss of water and electrolytes. It is believed that this is the most common type of dehydration. At the same time, the patient's condition does not suffer much, but severe forms of this type of dehydration also occur.

According to the degree of fluid deficiency, there are:

mild degree with a loss of up to two liters of water in the body - this is 5-6% of body weight;
the average degree with a loss of up to four liters or 6-10% of body weight;
severe degree - the loss is more than 4 liters or more than 10% of body weight.

With a loss of water of 15-20% of body weight, metabolic processes in the body are disturbed, and more than 20% can lead to death.

Signs of dehydration

causeless fatigue. Food without water has no nutritional value, since water is needed for the hydrolysis reaction to absorb all the nutrients.
Irritability, anger, excitement. The brain needs energy to function. Therefore, to calm down, it is enough to drink 1-2 glasses of water and the person calms down.
Anxiety, feeling of fear occur due to lack of fluid in the frontal lobes of the brain.
Depression- this condition indicates a serious degree of dehydration, which is manifested by a lack of amino acids - tryptophan and tyrosine, involved in the production of serotonin, melatonin, tiptamine and indolamine - chemicals that regulate the physiology of the body, as well as mood.
lethargy is a brain signal to improve blood circulation. The brain lacks the supply of cells with water. Like all other cells of the body, metabolic products are formed in the cells of the brain, which must be excreted. Lethargy is often preceded by a feeling of heaviness and headaches, as with ordinary intoxication.
Poor and restless sleep - the reason lies in the large excretion of fluid with sweat, especially if it is hot in the bedroom or sleep under a thick blanket. It is worth drinking a glass of water, sleep will be calm.

inattention It's also a trick of the brain. The more water in the brain cells, the more energy it can spend on the accumulation of information.
Desire to drink water, and sweet carbonated drinks, tea, coffee, alcohol. The use of these drinks does not quench thirst in any way, but leads to even more dehydration. This is due to the development of a conditioned reflex: dehydration causes stress, and these drinks produce endorphins - natural opiates, which cause addiction and cravings for their repeated use.
dreams in which water is dreamed (sea, river, desire to drink). It is at a subconscious level that the brain asks you to quench your thirst, even during deep sleep.

What are the consequences of lack of water?

Our body is such a complex mechanism, and as we have already understood, even a small loss of water causes disturbances in its work. And if there is an average or severe degree of dehydration, there can be much more serious consequences, literally for all body systems.

So, the brain suffers the most. As the body dehydrates, the volume of intracellular fluid first decreases (66%), then intercellular fluid (26%), and then water is extracted from the blood (8%). This is done to bring water, mainly to the brain. The brain is 85% water. At the same time, the loss of even one percent of water entails irreversible changes in the brain.

When the brain is dehydrated, the blood-brain barrier is broken, which causes dangerous substances to enter the brain, which can later lead to Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis.

Dehydration leads to thickening of the blood. Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets stick together into one conglomerate, the presence of which is one of the reasons for the development of atherosclerosis.

Suffering from water deficiency and cells of the immune system, which leads to the development of immunodeficiency states and the development of chronic pathologies: infertility, systemic diseases, etc.

Many people confuse hunger and thirst. And instead of drinking a glass of water, they start eating. Overeating contributes to the development of excess weight, and then to obesity. If nutrients are not spent on energy production, then energy is stored in the form of fat.

Lack of water leads to the development of hypertension, the development of various diseases, as well as premature aging.

Diagnosis of water deficiency in the body

You can do this simple test. Lift the skin on the back of your hand with your fingers and release. If the skin immediately returns to its original state, it means that you are drinking enough water. If the crease does not disappear within half a minute, then this is a sure sign of fluid deficiency.

Prevention of dehydration

Preventing dehydration is much easier than treating it. And to prevent this from happening, it is enough to drink 2-2.5 liters of ordinary water. Get in the habit of taking a water bottle with you and drinking from it in small sips throughout the day.

It is important to know that 2/3 of the required daily volume of water must be drunk in the morning, the last time you drink water can be drunk 2 hours before bedtime.

For young children during outdoor games, give 150 ml of water every half hour.

If you drink little water and have loose stools, vomiting, dizziness, no urination for 12 hours, fever, convulsions, etc. - this is a reason for immediate medical attention.

Dear readers, now you understand that you can and should drink water. So said Fereydun Batmanghelidj, doctor and scientist, author of Your Body Asks for Water, who has spent 20 years studying water metabolism and the phenomenon of pain: "You are not sick - you are thirsty." Therefore, drink water, but only correctly.

Home " Early on » What helps with dehydration. Nutrition for dehydration

Water is the second most important substance after oxygen, necessary for chemical and metabolic processes in the human body. That is why dehydration of the body can provoke the occurrence of various diseases and pathologies. Against this background, various endocrine, cardiovascular, muscular and mental diseases develop.

Causes of dehydration

Dehydration of the body is primarily due to the excess of water excretion from it compared to its intake. Lack of water provokes the emergence of a variety of diseases. For example, water lubricates the joints, participates in the processes of digestion and respiration, since the human lungs need continuous hydration in order to free the blood from carbon dioxide and saturate it with oxygen.

Basically, dehydration of the body occurs due to the dryness of the air that enters the lungs. The first reaction to this is increased urination, which means a significant loss of not only fluid, but also sodium chloride, which leads to impaired water-salt metabolism.

Blood that has lost the necessary amount of water decreases in volume and begins to circulate more slowly, which leads to excessive stress on the heart. Thus, the body loses the ability to get rid of excess heat in hot conditions and distribute it in cold weather.

It has been established that the body needs up to 3 liters of fluid per day to maintain water balance, and in the hot season this amount increases. Therefore, its deficiency can provoke dehydration of the body. If the air temperature exceeds +35°C, the human body begins to heat up, especially during any physical activity. Maintaining a normal temperature and getting rid of excess heat is achieved through sweating. During this process, a person loses a lot of fluid, which should be restored. If the renewal of the required amount of moisture does not occur, such losses lead to its deficiency.

The main reasons for the lack of water in the human body are:

Intensive sweating;
Increased urination;
severe nausea and vomiting;
acute diarrhea;
Insufficient fluid intake, provoked by loss of appetite or vomiting.

Symptoms of dehydration

Irritability and restlessness;
Despondency and depression;
Weakening of sexual desire;
Heaviness in the head and headaches;
Food cravings, cravings for alcohol, smoking and drugs.

The most serious symptoms of dehydration that develop if the required amount of fluid is not restored are:

General weakness;
Confusion of consciousness leading to fainting;
Dullness and flabbiness of the skin;
convulsions;
Tachycardia.

These indicators of water deficiency, left unattended, often lead to complications such as kidney damage, shock, and even death.

Treatment for dehydration

Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:

Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea are symptoms of many infectious diseases that affect the digestive system, as well as poisoning. With a high intensity of vomiting and diarrhea, the patient's body can lose a large amount of fluid, which leads to the development of dehydration.

Health professionals define dehydration as too much fluid loss. Such a condition develops not only with diarrhea and vomiting, but high fever, excessive sweating, thirst and other factors can also lead to it. Dehydration can occur in people of any gender and age, but it is especially dangerous for young children and the elderly.

The causes of increased fluid loss may be different, but still the most common cause of dehydration is diarrhea and vomiting in infectious pathologies. Taking certain medications can only exacerbate the problem.

Signs of dehydration with diarrhea

A very alarming symptom in the diagnostic sense is rapid weight loss. It can be several kilograms in 3-4 days. Dropping weight by more than 10% of the original is considered very difficult. The main manifestations of dehydration with diarrhea are signs of a lack of moisture in the body. Severe dehydration can lead to water imbalance in the body, kidney failure and other serious consequences that pose a threat to health and life.

The first symptoms of dehydration are usually weakness, dry mouth, increased viscosity and ductility of saliva, discoloration of urine.

With mild to moderate severity of pathology the following symptoms may be observed:

increased thirst;
decrease in the amount of tear fluid;
dry skin and mucous membranes;
lethargy, drowsiness, apathy;
dizziness.

Symptoms of severe dehydration similar, but more pronounced:

strong, unbearable thirst;
children may experience excessive fussiness or, conversely, drowsiness;
drying of mucous membranes and skin;
"dry" crying;
sunken eyes;
urine acquires a dark color, its amount is significantly reduced;
in infants, the fontanel sinks;
blood pressure is markedly reduced;
heartbeat and respiratory rate increase;
sweating decreases, which can lead to an increase in temperature;
often patients become irritable, their consciousness may be confused;
in severe cases, loss of consciousness and death may occur.

In the early stages, in addition to thirst and other subjective sensations, the development of dehydration may be indicated by a change in the color of urine, that is, its darkening. With obvious symptoms of dehydration, especially against the background of diarrhea, fever and vomiting, it is imperative to seek medical help.

Dehydration with diarrhea in a child

Dehydration with diarrhea is especially dangerous for young children, as in infants, all symptoms develop very quickly. A baby under 6 months old should consume about a liter of water per day. This amount includes not only liquid in the form of juices, teas and other drinks, but also water present in fruits, vegetables and other foods. A healthy child should be offered water periodically.

But diarrhea and vomiting can cause rapid dehydration, as large amounts of fluid come out with feces and vomit. High temperatures can exacerbate the situation. Therefore, with any disease, young children require increased attention. If the child has dark urine, a decrease in its quantity, drying of the lips and skin, then you should call the doctor. Severe repeated vomiting and diarrhea in itself is a reason to call specialists.

To prevent the development of dehydration with diarrhea, regular infusion of a small (1-2 tablespoons) amount of water into the baby's mouth will help. You need to do this every 10 minutes. Such measures make up for the loss of fluid and at the same time do not provoke repeated vomiting. Breastfeeding women may be advised to breastfeed as often as possible, even if the mother is also showing signs of illness. Indeed, in this case, antibodies against pathogenic microorganisms will be present in breast milk. After an attack of vomiting, the child can be breastfed only after some time, so as not to cause a new attack. For the period of treatment for diarrhea, dairy products, prunes, beets and other similar products are excluded from the diet.

Calling an ambulance is necessary if the following signs of dehydration with diarrhea are observed:

diarrhea and vomiting continue for more than 5-6 hours;
the baby cries a lot, is naughty, while becoming drowsy, apathetic;
the child's lips become dry and cracked;
the skin dries up and loses its normal elasticity;
the number of urination is significantly reduced.

How to stay hydrated with diarrhea

In order to prevent the development of dehydration, it is necessary at the first sign of its appearance to begin the introduction of fluid into the body. In a medical institution, special droppers can be placed to replenish the amount of fluid in the body. At home, you should try to give the sick person more fluids, but when vomiting, one-time portions should be very small. With vomiting and diarrhea, a water-salt solution can be given to a person as a prevention of dehydration. It's easy to cook at home. This will require salt and sugar, which are added to clean water. In this case, water can be mixed 1: 1 with orange juice. Pharmacies also sell special powders for preparing such a solution, for example, rehydron.

Dehydration cure for diarrhea

Treatment of dehydration with diarrhea is to replenish the amount of fluid in the body and restore the water-salt balance. The treatment regimen can be adjusted depending on the severity of the pathology, its causes and the age of the patient.

The most common and effective drug prescribed for rehydration is Regidron and its analogues. This solution contains potassium and sodium, which contribute to the normalization of the balance of electrolytes in the body. You can prepare a similar solution yourself at home. To do this, in a liter of clean water you need to dissolve 6 small spoons of sugar and 1 spoon of salt. When taken, the solution should be at room temperature. Water the child every few minutes in a small spoonful. If he vomits, then you need to pause, and give the next portion of the solution only after 30-45 minutes. A solution of rehydron or salt and sugar cannot be stored for a long time. Do not stop breastfeeding if your baby is dehydrated. In addition, it is necessary to review the diet.

Treatment for dehydration in adults involves fluid replacement, but plain water is best. With diarrhea and diarrhea, it is also recommended to take a rehydrating solution. Severe dehydration in both adults and children is treated in a hospital setting with intravenous fluids.

Every person needs water for the normal functioning of the body. The liquid transports the necessary substances to the tissues and cells of the body, plays an important role in the process of digestion and thermoregulation. Lack of moisture can lead to dangerous consequences. The topic of the article is dehydration, symptoms and treatment of the condition.

What is a phenomenon?

The human body contains sixty percent fluid. With the loss of even 2% of water, the state of health worsens. In addition, the mood drops, there is a lack of energy, the work of various organs and systems is disrupted. Mental activity suffers. Poor functioning of the heart muscle. Dehydration of the body, symptoms of pathology are observed in cases where the human body spends more fluid than it consumes.

The most susceptible to this condition are minors, the elderly, patients suffering from serious illnesses. For them, dehydration is especially dangerous and often fatal.

The mechanism of development of pathology

Before talking about dehydration, symptoms and treatment of the disease, you should first find out how dehydration occurs. It is known that a person is able to exist without liquid from three to ten days. However, these indicators vary depending on weather conditions, physical activity and the emotional background of the individual. Dehydration in and of itself is not a disease. But it appears as a complication of diseases.

Dehydration and the symptoms of this condition pose a threat to both the adult and the child. If, for certain reasons, the human body does not have enough fluid, it begins to take it from the tissues of the body. Consequently, the amount of urine separated is reduced, the individual sweats less. In a severe form of the disease, the cells of the brain and other organs decrease in volume. The result of this process can be coma and other severe disorders.

Causes of dehydration

As factors that can cause this condition, you can list:

Diseases accompanied by high fever.
Diabetes.
consequences of intoxication.
Infectious pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, which are accompanied by severe diarrhea and bouts of vomiting.
Loss of a large volume of blood due to mechanical damage, wounds, dysfunction of the female reproductive organs.
Prolonged exposure to the sun in hot weather.
Strong sweat separation due to intensive training.

Thermal shocks.
Lack of food or liquid.
Excessive use of drugs that cause frequent urination.
Burn.
Addison's disease.
Cancer pathologies.
Abuse of alcohol-containing products, sweets, and drinks containing caffeine.

Symptoms of dehydration in an adult and a child depend on the severity of the disease.

Stages of dehydration

There are several state stages:

Mild degree (it is diagnosed with a loss of no more than 3 percent of moisture and does not pose a danger to the life of the patient).
Medium (shortage of 6% water).
Severe form (lack of fluid is 9%). The patient's life is at risk, he needs medical care in a hospital.
Critical (loss of 10 percent of moisture, in many cases ends in death).

General signs characteristic of dehydration

Regardless of the cause that provoked this phenomenon, the symptoms of dehydration are the following:

Feeling the need to drink fluids.
Feeling of dryness in the mouth.
Decreased amount of urine and sweat.
Dark skin tone under the eyes.
Strong dizziness.
Brokenness.
Coloration of urine in a dark yellow hue.
Headache.
Decreased skin tone.
Disorders of consciousness.
Decrease in blood pressure.
Decrease in body weight (observed in rare cases).
High fever (most common in children).

It should be noted that with dehydration, the symptoms in adults and minors are almost the same.

Signs of mild dehydration

This condition is characterized by the following manifestations:

Feeling of dryness in the mouth.
Feeling the need for fluid.
Thick saliva.
Loss of appetite.
Reducing the amount of urine.
Feeling of weakness and fatigue.
The appearance of weakness in the muscles.
Discomfort in the joints and bones.
Stool retention.
Discomfort in the upper abdomen.
Flabbiness and grayish tint of the skin.
Headache.

When the body is dehydrated, the symptoms indicated above indicate that a person needs to urgently take measures to restore fluid balance. If this does not happen, the disease is able to move to the next stage.

moderate dehydration

This condition provokes a disorder of the functions of several organs and systems. The malaise manifests itself in this way:

The patient has an accelerated heart rate.
The breathing process is disturbed even in the absence of physical activity.
Body temperature is greatly increased. Antipyretic drugs are not able to reduce it.
Urine excretion is suspended for 12 hours.

Signs of severe dehydration

With severe dehydration, the patient's symptoms are as follows:

Feeling of nausea.
Exhausting vomiting.
Disorder of consciousness.
Wrinkling of the skin.

Severe dehydration leads to circulatory disorders. This situation is very dangerous.

Consequences that pose a threat to the life of the patient

Dehydration can cause the following disorders in the body:

Disorder of the functions of the urinary system.
Shock state. Pathology is characterized by a pale shade of the skin, acceleration of the breathing process, sweating, loss of consciousness.
Death in the absence of adequate therapy.

Consequences of chronic lack of water

Fluid deficiency can be acute. At the same time, his symptoms are pronounced. However, it happens that a person experiences a slight lack of water, but it is always present. And although there is no severe malaise in this case, the condition is dangerous because it provokes serious complications. The consequences can be listed:

Disorder of the functions of the digestive system.
Strong fluctuations in blood pressure.
Rapid aging process in adults.
Poor functioning of the immune system.
Pathologies of the liver, urinary organs, joints and bones.
The development of diseases such as sclerosis, shaking paralysis, cancerous tumors, senile dementia.
Problems with conception.

Signs from the nervous system

Continuing to talk about what symptoms of dehydration are noted in the first place, it is worth noting that this condition has a negative impact on the emotional sphere and mental abilities of the individual. In this case, the following pathological phenomena occur:

fatigue.
Nervousness and aggressiveness.
Lack of energy.
Anxiety.
Depression.
Deterioration in the quality of sleep.
Difficulty doing mental work.
Feeling the need to consume products containing caffeine and ethyl alcohol. These drinks are known to increase dehydration. Therefore, craving for them is a brain signal that a person needs water.
Dreams in which there are seas, rivers or lakes.

These signs are characteristic of chronic dehydration. They indicate that as a result of diseases or an unhealthy lifestyle, a person does not receive enough fluid.

Dehydration in the expectant mother

Symptoms of dehydration in women often occur during the period of gestation.

They are caused by the following reasons:

Excessive physical activity and insufficient fluid intake.
Diarrhea and bouts of vomiting as a result of intestinal infections, toxicosis or poisoning with spoiled foods.
Airplane travel. Dehydration in this case is caused by the refusal to drink a normal amount of water due to the lack of the opportunity to visit the bathroom on time (in pregnant women, urination is very frequent). In addition, the low level of air humidity disturbs the fluid balance in a woman's body.
Overheating and prolonged exposure to the sun.

It is important for a future mother to drink enough water. After all, malaise can affect not only her well-being, but also the condition of the fetus.

Dehydration in juveniles

When the following are observed:

Dry skin, lips and tongue.
Lack of tears.
Increased fatigue. The baby becomes lethargic, does not show activity.
Decreased amount of urine.
Loss of appetite.
High temperature and accelerated heart rate.

If parents notice the appearance of these symptoms in a child, they urgently need to call an ambulance team. Indeed, for minors, dehydration is especially dangerous and can quickly lead to death.

How to alleviate the patient's condition?

Assistance activities are as follows:

The person must be laid on a flat surface.
It is desirable that he was in a cool room in which air circulates well. Clothing is recommended to be removed or unbuttoned.
The patient is given to drink often, but in small portions, in small sips. The balance of fluid in the body helps to restore ordinary water, mineral water, frozen juice.
You should use special means ("Regidron", "Orasan", "Gidrovit").
A wet cloth is applied to the forehead. It is advisable to take a shower. If this is not possible, wipe the body and face with cool water.

Sometimes dehydration can be the result of frequent and loose stools. This occurs as a result of an intestinal infection or intoxication with spoiled foods. If dehydration occurs with diarrhea, the symptoms of this condition are alleviated by taking medications that stop diarrhea and the vital activity of viruses.

How to prevent the development of pathology?

To avoid dehydration, you need:

Refrain from exercising in hot weather.
Not in the sun for a long time.
Do not get carried away with sugar and alcohol.
Do not forget about the correct drinking regimen.

Talking about dehydration, symptoms in adults and the treatment of this condition, it should be added that moderate and severe pathology requires therapy in a hospital setting. Signs of mild dehydration can be managed on your own.

Summer heat is a severe test for the body, which often leads to dehydration. And this is fraught with more serious ailments. How to recognize it in the early stages? What to do at the first symptoms? What should be the diet for dehydration? Let's figure it out together.

Who is guilty

The most common cause of dehydration in summer is food poisoning with inevitable vomiting and diarrhea. Hard physical activity also causes profuse fluid loss. Overheating in the sun, violation of the drinking regime and frequent urination lead to the same result.

The first symptoms of dehydration are dry mouth, viscous saliva, high fever and nausea. They are accompanied by fatigue, drowsiness, poor appetite and unquenchable thirst. Why is dehydration dangerous? First of all, metabolic disorders. After all, water delivers vital elements to all organs. And with its lack, failures in the work of all systems begin, toxins are removed worse, cells are destroyed and immunity weakens.

Life-giving cocktails

The danger of dehydration is especially great for children and the elderly, as well as for diabetes, kidney and heart disease. In the early stages, it is easiest to restore water balance. To do this, you need to drink at least 2 liters of plain or mineral water without gas per day.

What should you drink with dehydration, when it has become serious? Special saline solutions that are in any pharmacy. However, they can be made at home. Dilute in a liter of boiled water ½ tsp. soda, 1 tsp. salt and 2-4 tbsp. l. Sahara. For another folk recipe, take 250 ml of orange juice, stir in it ½ tsp. salt, 1 tsp. soda and bring the volume to 1 liter with water. Take these drugs 200 ml in small sips 3 times a day.

Salvation Army

It is important to know not only what to drink when dehydrated, but also what to eat. And here ahead of the products of all - summer vegetables. For example, 85% consists of water, and its pulp is saturated with vitamins A, C, K, as well as potassium, magnesium, zinc and folic acid. Such a shock combination improves metabolism, nourishes the heart and normalizes sugar levels.

The cucumber contains even more invaluable moisture. But its main advantage is the abundance of fiber and special enzymes that stimulate digestion. In addition, cucumber protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation. That is why the most useful summer salads and cosmetic masks are obtained from it. When dehydrated, it is also useful to lean on spinach, celery, radishes, cabbage and tomatoes.

fruit healing

Given that the cause of dehydration is the lack of fluid and vitamins, you can make up for their loss with the help of fruits and berries. In this regard, the most useful, more than 90% consisting of water. In addition, it is rich in antioxidants that protect cells from destruction.

Any citrus fruit is an invaluable gift for the body with a lack of moisture. Their juicy flesh gushes with vitamins A, C and E, indispensable for good health. To get them in full, it is best to make a smoothie. Beat in a blender 150 g of pitted apricots, 200 ml of yogurt, 250 ml of orange juice and 1 tsp. vanilla sugar. And with dehydration, it is recommended to include apples, plums, kiwi and any berries in the diet.

Sour milk therapy

Fermented milk products will help to cure in the shortest possible time and completely avoid dehydration. The undisputed champion in this area is medium-fat kefir. It quickly restores the disturbed intestinal microflora and tones the rest of the digestive organs. It has been proven that kefir fights well with fatigue, nausea, muscle cramps and excessive sweating.

Not inferior to him in the beneficial properties of Greek yogurt. Lactic acid bacteria are a powerful nourishment for a failed digestive system and a weakened immune system. A balanced combination of proteins and carbohydrates not only saturates the body with energy, but also normalizes metabolic processes. Ripe strawberries, raspberries and gooseberries will help enhance their action.

With the world on a string

There are several other foods that are helpful in preventing dehydration. First of all, it is beans with its very successful set of elements. Iron improves the flow of oxygen to cells, zinc improves carbohydrate metabolism, sulfur prevents intestinal infections.

Being a generous source of slow-acting carbohydrates, buckwheat does a great job of reducing energy breakdown. Its active substances stimulate hematopoiesis and increase the elasticity of blood vessels. In addition, the body absorbs buckwheat easily, thereby obtaining a huge supply of vitamins.

There are reasons to include eggs in the treatment menu, which improve the functioning of the liver and bile ducts. The abundance of iron in conjunction with vitamin E helps to quickly restore strength. In addition, eggs protect the skin from UV rays, keeping it youthful.

Remember, the best treatment for dehydration is prevention. Drink plenty of fluids, eat right, and be less likely to be under the scorching sun without protection. And if the anxiety symptoms cannot be overcome, contact your doctor immediately.

Everyone knows about the benefits of water, but sometimes we don’t even know about the lack of it in the body. Meanwhile, Bad mood, anxiety, depression, insomnia - these are perhaps the most harmless manifestations of dehydration, the cause of which is the lack of the habit of drinking water.

Dehydration is a state of lack of water necessary for chemical and metabolic processes that do not stop for a single moment throughout our lives.

The human body mainly consists of water, but most of it cannot participate in vital ongoing processes that require only fresh water. "Old", drunk yesterday and even a few hours ago, has become history.

Water is the second most important substance necessary for life after oxygen. Water deficiency causes severe stress, which changes the hormonal balance, increases the concentration of blood, and the acidity of the body.

Stress triggers the often irreversible processes of development of mental, cardiac, endocrine, cancerous diseases, destroys the cells of the spinal cord and brain, bone tissue, which leads to osteoporosis.

Pain is a sure sign of dehydration

Doctor and scientist Fereydun Batmanghelidj, author of the book “Your body asks for water”, who has devoted more than 20 years to studying water metabolism and the phenomenon of pain, considers pain a sure but ignored sign of a lack of water in the body.

If the pain was not the result of an injury or infection, then it is a signal of water deficiency in the place where it arose.

Pain is the body's cry for lack of water to flush out the area affected by the dehydration of toxins and hyperacidity, which are products of metabolism.

Nerve cells register changes in the chemical environment in the affected area and transmit. The brain tries to tell us about the problem through pain.

Critical signs of dehydration:

heartburn,
dyspepsia (indigestion when the stomach "stands"),
back pain,
rheumatoid joint pain,
leg pain when walking
muscle pain,
pain with colitis and constipation,
pain in the region of the heart,
morning sickness and vomiting during pregnancy indicates thirst for the fetus and mother,
bad breath,
talking in a dream.

F. Batmanghelidj in the course of medical practice proved that sufficient water intake can get rid of pain and the causes of many ailments.

Thirst for the brain will turn into depression

With depleted water supplies, the brain, which consists of 85% of water, is subject to the greatest dehydration, nine trillion of its cells constantly need it. In conditions of water shortage, the amount of energy is sharply reduced, which is reflected, first of all, on the sense organs, forming in them

Sensual signs of thirst:

premature fatigue,
anxiety,
irritability,
flushed face,
depression,
heaviness in the head
despondency,
weakening of sexual desire,
agoraphobia (fear of open spaces)
eating habits,
craving for alcohol, smoking, drugs.

These signs may indicate the initial stages of depression. A person, faced with an emotional problem, fixates on it, he is not able to perceive any other information and respond to it with the necessary actions.

Problems absorb him so much that for a period of time, sober thinking and normal behavior are absent.

Of such kind the inefficiency of action is called depression, which can become a prerequisite for chronic fatigue.

Batmanghelidj's advice:

if in the morning you get out of bed and join in the daily life, then your body and brain are dehydrated. The best tonic drink for the brain is a glass of pure water, which can bring the brain out of apathy in just a couple of minutes.

According to Batmanghelidj's theory, the lack of water in the brain tissues provokes constant social stress, which is accompanied by feelings of fear, insecurity, anxiety, frequent family and emotional problems.

All-consuming emotional and mental activity is necessary for a person, it contributes to the formation of personality, forms and tempers character, develops the ability to cope with one's own negative emotions.

Usually short-term, quickly passes if you are surrounded by care, love and mutual understanding, which help resolve any conflicts.

Recently, however, the number of people falling into prolonged depression due to life's difficulties has increased. The help of antidepressant drugs is very doubtful, they are becoming less and less safe for the psyche, and have side effects in the form of a negative perception of the world, loss of empathy for others and for oneself, and the appearance of thoughts of suicide.

Mechanism of stress in dehydration. What depletes the body

With a shortage of water in the body, he has to work in an emergency mode: start physiological processes, as with any other stress, mobilize all his reserves and use up water reserves.

Thus, the chain of events is observed:

dehydration - stress - consumption of water reserves - further dehydration.

In any stressful situation, the human body prepares for action - to fight or flight. He cannot explain the fact that modern man has no one to run away from, and no one to fight with. The reactions laid down at the genetic level work invariably: either run or fight. And they work anyway where: at work, at home or in transport.

When this happens:

the release of powerful hormones that maintain "combat readiness" throughout the stress (endorphins, prolactin, vasopressin),
release of cortisone
activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).

Endorphin. This natural drug or hormone of joy maintains a high concentration in the blood during all the stress. Endorphins increase the pain threshold: if an injury occurs, then a person does not feel the fullness of pain at first, which allows him to take the necessary actions to save. In women, endorphins are activated more often in connection with menstruation and childbearing. This explains their better resistance to stress and pain, as well as a higher predisposition to alcoholism (more on that later).

Prolactin is responsible for the production of breast milk in a nursing woman, it is produced in all types of mammals. Thanks to this hormone, milk is produced even under conditions of stress, leading to dehydration of the mother's body. Prolactin is in many ways similar to growth hormones, but its main target is the reproductive organs.

Scientists have made a sensational conclusion: dehydration is one of the main reasons for the development of cancerous tumors. The risk group consists of people who are in a state of prolonged depression: Excessive production of prolactin provokes the development of breast cancer in women, and prostate cancer in men.

Strange as it may sound, but an effective prevention of this terrible disease is the habit of drinking water regularly, especially in a state of stress.

An increase in prolactin in the body, which means the development of cancerous tumors, can also occur under the influence of aspartame, a sugar substitute found in more than 5,000 foods.

Vasopressin- a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, is involved in the rational distribution of water.

Under conditions of dehydration, vasopressin provides water primarily to the cells of the brain, nerves, kidneys, and liver. To do this, he lends blood vessels, forcibly taking water from them, which increases the viscosity of the blood.

In addition, vasopressin increases the concentration of urine, forcing the kidneys to retain water. Thanks to vasopressin, the adrenal glands during stress synthesize powerful anti-inflammatory agents (cortisol, cortisone, etc.), which increase the pressure on the kidneys a thousand times. There is a delay of salt in the kidneys, and the volume of extracellular water and its inflow into the most important cells increases.

If the level of vasopressin is low, general dehydration occurs, including the most important brain cells. The production of vasopressin is significantly suppressed by alcohol, caffeinated drinks, tea and coffee.

Alcohol under stress, it reduces the production of vasopressin, the body has to intensively produce other anti-stress hormones, including endorphins. Women who become dehydrated while taking alcoholic beverages are at an increased risk of developing chronic alcoholism.

This is due to their natural tendency to increase the synthesis of endorphins during menstruation and childbirth.

It takes three years for women to become completely dependent on alcohol, for men it usually takes seven years.

Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) It is activated in the kidneys with a decrease in the body's reserves of water and salt, the lack of which leads to dehydration.

The RAS stimulates increased salt intake to induce thirst and hence water intake. RAS, like vasopressin, causes constriction of capillaries and blood vessels, squeezing out all the fluid from them for more important organs.

The lack of salt in the body leads to a devastating lack of water in the extracellular space, contributes to high blood pressure and the development of chronic diseases. With a deficiency of salt, the salivary glands produce kinins - substances that stimulate salivary glands and increased salivation, as well as activating the RAS.

Warning signs of dehydration are

high blood pressure,
vasoconstriction (headache),
dry mouth.

What is the risk of replacing water with tea, coffee and carbonated drinks

These drinks contain natural stimulants of the nervous system: caffeine and theophylline. They have a strong diuretic effect and aggravate dehydration. The caffeine content in one cup: coffee - 85 mg, tea or cola - approximately 50 mg.

Caffeine releases energy even when the body does not need it at all. With the constant replacement of water with caffeine-containing drinks, the body loses the ability to produce hydroelectric energy necessary for normal life.

Excess caffeine undermines health and leads to:

to the inability of prolonged concentration of attention in young people,
to chronic fatigue
inhibits memory development learning processes,
impairs vision,
exhausts the heart muscle
disrupts the functioning of the heart and blood vessels,
provokes diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, allergic, cancerous,
destruction of nerve tissue occurs at a rate exceeding their natural regeneration. Outwardly, this process manifests itself in the form of chronic fatigue, multiple sclerosis.

Thus,
The causes of chronic unintentional dehydration are:

lack of feeling of thirst and desire to drink water, which after 20 years is steadily weakening,
changing water to drinks.

The era of evolution "rewarded" us with a reduced sense of thirst. We kill him completely by using drinks instead of water that satisfy the feeling, but not the very need for water. Daily rate of water: 20 ml - per 1 kg of weight. If you lead an active lifestyle or lose weight, then the norm is 30 ml per kilogram.

The consequence of dehydration is always a weak immune system. This is a forced measure of the body, which uses all its reserves to provide water to the most important organs. He has no time to fight infections and DNA damage if the brain is thirsty.

With the elimination of dehydration, immunity is restored and easily copes with the causes of ailments and even cancer.

The eminent doctor and scientist Batmanghelidj is sure, and I completely agree with him:

You can't improve your health without changing your lifestyle. Any pain suggests that we live wrong. Traditional medicines are not able to cure, they only drown out diseases, but they do not remove the causes. If you rely on medicines, you can lose precious time and health. With the use of the required amount of water, the body is able to cleanse itself and improve health in a few months.

Think of water as a healing fluid that gives life. Dissolve all your anxieties and ailments in it.

One of thousands of reviews:

Dear Doctor Batmanghelidj!
I suffer from multiple sclerosis. Recently (four weeks) I have been using the greatest discovery in the field of health (2 liters of water daily, no caffeine and a little salt as a seasoning). I can say with full confidence that I am deeply shocked by the amazing results. Before that, I suffered from swelling of my legs for years, and now, after two weeks, the swelling has practically disappeared.

I am also grateful for the release of the addiction to caffeine and sugar. I am full of energy and lust for life. I forgot what the slump is that usually follows caffeine-induced energy. Breaking out of the vicious cycle, I became calmer, more balanced and much more productive at work, I became more optimistic about things and more attentive to the natural rhythms of my body, which I used to drown out with caffeine.
Your discovery really brought me back to life.
Sincerely yours, John Kuna.

Fluid loss can develop in all people, but it is especially dangerous for infants and the elderly.

In this article, we will consider how to protect your body from dehydration with frequent diarrhea, vomiting and other phenomena.

Fecal masses during diarrhea are almost entirely composed of water, so a person loses a large amount of fluid and salts. As a result, the blood supply to organs and tissues is disrupted and the entire body malfunctions.

During diarrhea, the digestion process is disrupted. Vitamins and important trace elements do not have time to be absorbed into the blood and the body begins to suffer from beriberi and a lack of mineral salts. Such a shortage can lead to disturbances in the functioning of the heart and nervous system.

In addition, with impaired digestion in the intestines ingested poorly digested food, and thereby contributes to the development of pathogenic microflora.

The result of this process is the poisoning of the body.

Symptoms of mild dehydration

Mild dehydration is characterized by loss of water up to 3% of body weight. It does not pose a danger to the body and is characterized by the following symptoms:

a person feels constant thirst;
there is dryness of the skin and mucous membranes;
a person refuses to eat;
saliva has a viscous consistency;
the amount of urine separated is significantly lower than normal;
weakness and lethargy are observed.

As dehydration develops, these symptoms are accompanied by headache, blue and pale skin, dark urine, heaviness in the stomach and heartburn.

Moderate symptoms

This degree is characterized fluid loss up to 9% of body weight and can develop within two days. Symptoms:

observed loose stools with an admixture of food consumed;
frequent vomiting;
the patient becomes restless;
palpitations, pulse indicators are constantly changing;
mucous membranes become dry;
the skin loses its elasticity;
there is lethargy and apathy;
blood circulation in the tissues is disturbed.

Severe symptoms

Severe dehydration develops with fluid loss of more than 10% of weight person. The symptoms are the same as in the middle degree, but more pronounced:

skin and mucous membranes are very dry;
there is no release of tears;
strong thirst;
in infants, the fontanel sinks and there is crying without tears;
an extremely small amount of urine is excreted, and it has a dark color;
blood pressure drops;
heart rate and respiratory rate increased;
increased body temperature due to lack of sweating;
loss and confusion of consciousness;
in severe cases, death is possible.

For moderate to severe dehydration urgent hospitalization required sick.

Dangers and Consequences

Fluid loss is very dangerous, as vital organs are affected as a result. The brain is 85% water. Even minor fluid losses can have dangerous consequences. Fluid loss affects brain cells that are responsible for neutralizing toxins.

The capillaries of the brain perform a protective function. With a lack of fluid, this function is impaired, and various diseases can occur (Alzheimer's disease, parkinsonism, sclerosis).

The immune system suffers from lack of water.

This contributes to the development of chronic ailments (lupus, bronchial asthma, infertility and bronchitis).

Dehydration can lead to obesity. People often confuse hunger with thirst. The body begins to store nutrients for energy. Unused energy turns into fat.

Dehydration changes the composition and consistency of the blood. As a result of its thickening, the flow to the organs is disrupted, and atherosclerosis may develop.

Features in children, pregnant women and the elderly

The child's body contains more fluid and water-electrolyte metabolism is faster. Children develop symptoms such as dry mucous membranes, retraction of the anterior fontanelle, vomiting, and high fever.

In pregnant women, fluid loss is dangerous and a medical emergency.

In elderly patients, dehydration leads to pathologies of the cardiovascular system, impaired intestinal motility, swelling of internal organs, clouding of consciousness and hallucinations. Elderly people should drink at least two liters of water per day, and in case of pathological processes, the volume should be increased.

How to avoid?

To prevent loss of fluid in the body, with diarrhea and vomiting sufficient water intake must be ensured. When vomiting, the liquid should come often and in small portions.

In a medical institution, the water-salt balance is replenished with the help of special medications.

How to treat?

First aid

Treatment with drugs is most effective for mild to moderate severity. To do this, use drugs that restore water and electrolyte balance (Rehydron, Hydrovit, Regidron Bio). Dosage and frequency of use depends on the individual characteristics of the body, age and body weight of a person. A similar solution can be prepared at home.

With dehydration in newborns, breastfeeding should not be abandoned. A nursing mother should also monitor her diet so that the child receives all the necessary trace elements and water.

Severe degrees of dehydration are treated only in a medical institution by intravenous infusion of the necessary solutions.

In what case to the doctor?

Immediate medical attention required infants and the elderly. In case of incessant vomiting, severe diarrhea with an admixture of blood, loss of consciousness, high fever, seizures, severe dryness of the skin and mucous membranes, an ambulance should be called.

Medicines

Regidron

The drug is available in the form of a powder for the preparation of a solution. It contains trace elements necessary for the body. The contents of the package are dissolved in boiled and chilled water. The resulting solution must be drunk during the day.

The frequency and dosage of the drug depend on the weight and age of the patient.

Hydrovit

The composition includes sodium and potassium salts, silicon dioxide. Available in sachets with and without strawberry flavor. Approved for use from infancy. Allergies and vomiting may occur as side effects. The drug is contraindicated with a high content of potassium in the body, frequent vomiting and renal failure.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the use of the drug should be agreed with the attending physician.

ethnoscience

Rehydration solution. It is necessary to dissolve 5 teaspoons of sugar and half a teaspoon of salt in 1 liter of water. Mix the solution thoroughly and take until the symptoms disappear completely.

Water with lemon. To replenish vitamins and trace elements in a glass of clean water, add a few slices of lemon, a spoonful of honey, a little salt and pepper. Mix everything and take throughout the day.

Water and barley. Take a little barley, add water and boil for a few minutes. Allow the solution to cool and strain. Add honey and lemon juice.

This drink can be consumed 5-6 times a day.

Diet

The diet for dehydration should replenish the fluid supply. It is necessary to use more meat, chicken broths. Include foods rich in sodium and potassium (tomatoes, potatoes, nuts, bananas, green vegetables and citrus fruits) in your diet. It is not recommended to drink tea, coffee, carbonated and alcoholic drinks, fried, spicy and smoked.

You need to eat small portions up to five times a day.

Sample menu for the day

Breakfast 1: oatmeal on the water, weakly brewed tea.
Breakfast 2: dried fruit compote, cracker, 1 banana.
Lunch: vegetable soup, steam meatballs, compote.
Afternoon snack: green tea with mint, unsalted biscuits.
Dinner: rice with steam meatballs, compote.

Drinking mode

For normal functioning of the body, it is necessary to consume 2.5 liters of water per day. Less consumption entails weight loss, thirst, nausea and increased body temperature. Excessive water consumption also negatively affects the condition of organs and tissues. Too diluted blood threatens with pathologies of the heart and blood vessels, and diluted gastric juice disrupts digestion. Also, frequent trips to the toilet disrupt the functioning of the kidneys.

Compliance with precautionary measures and preventive measures will ensure the smooth operation of the human body.

It is important not to self-medicate and seek help from a specialist in time.

Editor's Choice

Why does a child have seizures

Insufficient maturity of the brain and the entire nervous system, a low threshold of excitability - this is the background against which convulsive ...

Ovulation Stimulation Methods

Ask a Question! You have questions? Feel free to ask any! And our in-house specialist will help you. Patients who are...

How is tubal hydrosalpinx treated?

- This is a disease of the fallopian tubes, in which the patency is disturbed and fluid accumulates in the lumen of the tube. This pathology...

When a blood test for hCG indicates pregnancy

During pregnancy, a woman needs to take a lot of tests, some of which need to be taken repeatedly. One such analysis...

Bleeding from an intimate place in women

Thank you The site provides reference information for reference only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under ...

Anti-Mullerian hormone: norms in women and causes of a decrease

Displays the number of mature eggs. If the indicators of this hormone are deviated from the norm, then this significantly reduces the chances of a successful ...

How is the follicle puncture performed during IVF?

When carrying out artificial insemination, the collection of eggs is one of the most important tasks. It is assumed that only successful ...

Human cognitive abilities - what is it Cognitive abilities and their development

How many copies are broken due to different definitions of intelligence! And the thing is that the classic IQ only says how ...

Chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus: risk factors and diagnosis Chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus are suspected

Identification of a congenital pathology in a child will destroy the happiness of the expectant mother. Chromosomal abnormalities of the fetus can be detected during ...

New

Popular