What can you drink to combat dehydration? Dehydration of the body. Causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment of dehydration. How to recognize dehydration

Dehydration is a side effect of poisoning when the body tries to get rid of toxins through diarrhea and vomiting. Try to control your condition and maintain water balance at home. Severe food poisoning and associated gastroenteritis may require medical attention to prevent complications caused by prolonged dehydration.

Steps

Part 1

Monitor symptoms at home. In most cases, food poisoning can be treated without medical attention. Symptoms may appear several hours after poisoning and last several hours or days, and in some cases longer.

• If you are exposed to lightly contaminated food or certain types of contaminants, symptoms may not appear for several days or even longer. If symptoms appear late, problems may last for days or even weeks.
• For chronic symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor, especially in the case of hematemesis or hematokesia, that is, the presence of blood in vomit or loose stools, respectively.
• Symptoms of food poisoning include nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramps, increased sweating, and high fever.

1. Drink water little by little. You may need about an hour to let your stomach settle, but after that you should start drinking fluids to prevent dehydration. Drink small sips of liquid that is easily absorbed by your body, and try to drink as much as possible throughout the day.

   Drink sports drinks with electrolytes. Among other things, with diarrhea and vomiting, the body loses the electrolytes it needs. A good way to restore electrolyte balance is to drink decaffeinated sports drinks (not energy drinks) as soon as your stomach can handle them.

   • There is another product on the market that helps restore fluid and restore electrolyte balance for both adults and children. These are rehydrating fluids with electrolytes.
   • Relatively new types of sports drinks include Gatorade and Powerade. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about what is best for you.

2. Try drinking pure sparkling water. Sometimes a small amount of gas helps with nausea.

   • Try sipping ginger ale or other carbonated drinks over ice.

3. When you're ready, start drinking the clear broth. Sip small amounts of clear chicken, vegetable, or beef broth once your stomach is calm enough to prevent nausea and vomiting.

   • Broth is a good way to restore fluid reserves and provide the body with the nutrients it needs.
   • Switch to soft, low-fat and easily digestible foods. These foods include salted crackers, toast, and gelatin. However, stop eating solid foods if they cause nausea.

4. Avoid drinks that contribute to dehydration. Some drinks are not recommended when you are sick and trying to rehydrate. Some fluids help remove water from body tissues and thereby contribute to dehydration.

   • During illness you should not drink alcohol.
   • Avoid caffeinated drinks such as coffee, tea, Coca-Cola and energy drinks.
   • Fruit juices and drinks contain carbohydrates and low sodium, and they can worsen an upset stomach.
   • Avoid dairy products, spicy and spicy drinks until your condition improves.

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And other unpleasant conditions of the body, dehydration may also occur.

In today's article we will talk about dehydration: signs, causes and ways to prevent dehydration, because correct actions in certain situations can save more than one human life. So…

Dehydration (dehydration)- a pathological condition of the body caused by a decrease in the amount of water in it below the physiological norm necessary for the normal functioning of all human organs.

The human body consists on average of 60% water. Digestion is based on water, water lubricates the joints, helps remove waste products, and is required for breathing, because the lungs need constant hydration in order to saturate the blood with oxygen and free it from excess carbon dioxide.

A person can survive without water from 3 to 10 days, which depends on the ambient air temperature, physical activity and psychological state of the person.

Dehydration is deadly in both hot and cold weather.

A sudden loss of a large amount of fluid by the body, or its presence in small quantities, sharply increases the feeling of thirst, but if you start drinking water immoderately, this can lead to sudden swelling and even death.

Dehydration is very dangerous for children, the elderly, and especially for newborn babies. Monitor symptoms closely, and as soon as this group of people develops an illness that causes fever, nausea, or diarrhea, contact your doctor immediately!

Types and degrees of dehydration

Dehydration levels:

- mild dehydration (loss of 5-6% or 1-2 liters of water);
- average (loss of 6-10% or 2-4 l);
- severe (loss of 10% or more than 4 liters);
- acute (loss of more than 10 liters of water) - this degree of dehydration is life-threatening.

Types of dehydration:

— isotonic (the salt composition of the blood is normal);
- hypertensive (increased concentration of blood salts);
- hypotonic (reduced concentration of blood salts).

Causes of dehydration

• and (for example, caused by food poisoning);
• increased sweating (may be associated with hot weather, increased physical activity or intense training);
• or ;
• frequent urination;
• (headache in the morning is a sign of dehydration);
• burns.

Important! A loss of 20-25% of water is fatal.

The first signs of dehydration:

- dry mouth and viscous saliva;
- dark urine with a pungent odor, rarely and in small quantities;
- apathy, irritation;
— ;
— , ;
— .

Symptoms of dehydration (from mild to severe in increasing order):

• • strong thirst;
  • general malaise;
  • slowing down movements;
  • lack of appetite;
  • skin redness;
  • drowsiness;
  • the appearance of dark circles under the eyes;
  • increased heart rate;
  • increased body temperature;
  • , vomit;
  • gastrointestinal disorders;

• shortness of breath;
• tingling in the limbs;
• decrease in blood volume and increase in its viscosity;
• lack of salivation and dry eyes;
• cyanosis;
• slurred speech;
• loss of ability to move;
• rave;
• muscle spasms;
• tongue swelling;
• inability to swallow;
• dullness of hearing and vision;
• involuntary urination;
• cooling the body.

Complications of dehydration

- kidney damage;
- shock (rapid breathing, cold sweat, clammy skin, rapid pulse, weak pulse, loss of consciousness);
- dehydration can be fatal, especially in infectious diseases and in the weakened.

Consequences of dehydration

If dehydration of the body is not prevented in time in the initial stages and the condition is allowed to progress, this leads to a decrease in the volume of intracellular fluid, which in turn leads to the onset of irreversible processes.

The consequences of dehydration can manifest themselves as:

— disruption of food processing and transportation of vital substances;
— ;
- weakening of the immune system, and as a result, the development of various diseases;
- premature aging.

Treatment of dehydration– this is the fastest restoration of the body’s water balance.

For severe dehydration, there is so little fluid that blood circulation is disrupted, and all vital organs for the functioning of the body begin to “starve”. Treatment of severe dehydration is carried out only in a hospital setting, so be sure to call an ambulance if you have symptoms.

Treatment of moderate and severe forms includes intravenous fluids and hospital treatment.

Treatment of mild to moderate dehydration is aimed at restoring the lost volume of fluid and blood and in most cases, depending on the accompanying symptoms, is allowed at home.

Treatment of mild to moderate dehydration

1. Provide the victim complete rest. Place the patient on a flat surface and, if possible, place him in a cool, damp area with good air circulation.

2. Give the victim plenty of fluids. For this it is recommended to use:

- ordinary water;
— drinks containing carbohydrates/electrolytes/ / (mineral waters);
— frozen juices and ice shavings;
- drinks containing glucose.

You need to drink liquid slowly and in small portions. You can use a straw for this.

3. To accelerate the restoration of lost intracellular and intercellular fluid, as well as restore the water-salt balance of the body, you can give the patient special (rehydration) medications: “”, “Gastrolit”, “Orasan”.

Homemade rehydration solution, recipe: 1 teaspoon sugar, 1 glass orange juice and ¾ teaspoon salt. Drink in small sips 3 times a day.

3. If dehydration occurs as a result of overheating, it is necessary to direct efforts to normalize, for this:

- place the person in a well-ventilated and cool room, if possible, point a fan at him;
- remove all excess clothing from the patient, loosen the rest;
- Apply a cool wet cloth to the forehead, and if possible, wrap the whole person with a similar cloth, or let him take a shower;
- periodically the person can be sprayed with cool water;

When taking actions aimed at normalizing body temperature, be careful not to overcool the person, otherwise the blood vessels will narrow and restoration of health will be delayed, and can also cause other diseases.

See a doctor immediately if:

1. Dehydration has occurred in an infant, a child under 10 years of age, or an elderly person;

2. Dehydration is observed in severe or acute forms:

Preventing dehydration

Dehydration is much easier to prevent than to treat.

To prevent dehydration:

- drink at least 2-3 liters of clean water (not including other drinks) throughout the day, regardless of the weather and your level of activity;
- drink plenty of fluids, especially if you have a fever, nausea or diarrhea;
— active children on a walk on a hot day need to drink at least 150 g of water every 30 minutes;
- adults in hot weather during physical activity need to drink at least 1 liter of water per hour;
— make it a habit to always have a bottle of regular water with you and drink it throughout the day.

The first symptom of dehydration is, naturally, an increased feeling of thirst, however, it does not manifest itself in everyone from the very beginning of this pathological process. The surest sign of its presence is a change in the color and quantity of urine: if its volume has decreased significantly and the color has become dark yellow, this indicates a lack of fluid in the human body and the need to replenish it.

In addition, sure signs of dehydration are severe sweating at high temperatures and physical exertion, dark circles under the eyes, a noticeable decrease in activity, fatigue and various disturbances in the functioning of the senses.

It is known that a lack of fluid primarily has a negative effect on the brain, since it consists of 85% water. In conditions of its shortage, energy production in the brain sharply decreases, which greatly affects the senses. That is why among the symptoms of dehydration the following should be highlighted:

• Irritability and restlessness;
• Dejection and depression;
• Weakening of sexual desire;
• Heaviness in the head and headaches;
• Food addictions, cravings for alcohol, smoking and drugs.

All these signs of dehydration may indicate the initial stage of depression, which can trigger the development of chronic fatigue in a person. According to some experts, lack of water in the brain tissue is a direct cause of continuous social stress, accompanied by feelings of self-doubt, fear, anxiety and other emotional problems.

The most serious symptoms of dehydration that develop if the required amount of fluid is not restored are:

• General weakness;
• Confusion leading to fainting;
• Grayness and flabbiness of the skin;
• Convulsions;
• Tachycardia.

These indicators of water deficiency, left unattended, often lead to complications such as kidney damage, shock, and even death.

Treatment of dehydration

Experts note that dehydration is easier to prevent than to treat. Therefore, regardless of activity level and health status, it is necessary to drink the maximum amount of fluid throughout the day. The risk group primarily includes young children and older people, especially with attacks of nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and fever.

Treatment for dehydration involves drinking water constantly, but if you lose electrolytes, you need to replace the lack of sodium and potassium. To restore salts, there are special formulations such as glucosolan or citraglucosolan, which can be used both for prevention and for mild dehydration. It is recommended to add a little salt to your drinking water during or after heavy physical activity. However, this method is considered effective only if you drink a lot of water during the day.

When fluid deficiency leads to a significant decrease in blood pressure, which poses a threat to life, solutions containing sodium chloride are administered intravenously. In addition, to treat dehydration, it is necessary to eliminate the cause that provoked it. For example, for diarrhea, in addition to restoring the required amount of water, you should take medications that correct stool. If the kidneys excrete a lot of water, treatment with a synthetic hormone may be needed.

After eliminating the cause of dehydration, it is necessary to monitor fluid intake and prevent relapses. To do this, it is recommended for an adult to drink at least 2-3 liters of water daily, especially in hot weather and during significant physical activity.

Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:

Dehydration, also called dehydration, refers to a state of acute lack of water in the body, which is necessary for metabolic, physiological and chemical processes that do not stop for a second during our lives.

As a result of dehydration, pathological phenomena appear, which are provoked by disturbances in the mechanisms of water-electrolyte metabolism. The fluid is the basis of every cell, a component of the blood, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid. When its level decreases, the process of blood thickening begins in the body, when water molecules move into the intercellular space and the functionality of cells is disrupted.

This condition is especially dangerous for children, since at an early age the regulatory mechanism of water metabolism has not yet become established, and it is extremely difficult for the body to overcome the pathology. Dehydration is no less difficult in older people, since with age, compensatory functions also lose their usefulness. MirSovetov will tell you how to cope with the problem of dehydration.

Main causes of dehydration

There are several reasons that lead a person to water exhaustion. Among the main factors for fluid loss are the following:

• prolonged overheating in the open sun - heat stroke;
• increased diuresis that occurs with certain types of diseases;
• increased sweating;
• loss of water due to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - vomiting;
• malnutrition;
• temperature changes during fever;
• increased urine output due to hypervitaminosis D, Addison's disease, kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism, improper use of diuretics;
• forced cessation of fluid intake.

Normally, blood plasma consists of 90% water. Lack or thickening of blood provokes a narrowing of peripheral capillaries and blood vessels, which manifests itself in hemodynamic disorders -, or. In cases where the stage of dehydration is aggravated, the phenomenon often ends in death.

Symptoms of dehydration

The most obvious manifestation of dehydration is thirst, but you should not focus on it alone, as it may not correspond to the full severity of the condition. Experts distinguish between three degrees of dehydration. Let's take a closer look at the symptoms of each of them.

For mild dehydration (1-1.5% of body weight), pay attention to the following symptoms:

• sticky saliva, dry mouth;
• increased thirst;
• decreased urination with darkening of the color of the fluid.

You may be diagnosed with moderate dehydration (6-10% of body weight) if you notice the following:

• extreme thirst for water;
• the mucous membrane of the eyes cannot water;
• wrinkled skin;
• changes in emotional state - first excitement, then sharp irritability;
• slight dizziness;
• decreased urination, with the liquid having a brown tint;
• cooling of the extremities;
• numbness of the skin;
• appearance of muscle

You can determine severe dehydration (11-20% of body weight) if you have diagnosed yourself with at least one of the following symptoms:

• severe dizziness, which occurs when lying down;
• changes in behavioral reactions - a sharp feeling of fear, inattention, embarrassment, etc.;
• pre-fainting state, which manifests itself 2 minutes after rising;
• weakness in the limbs, making it impossible to stand up or move around;
• rapid breathing and weak pulse;
• sticky and cold skin, and sometimes vice versa – hot and dry;
• lack of urination for more than 12 hours;
• loss of consciousness.

By the time severe dehydration occurs, there is insufficient volume of fluid in the human body that could transport blood to vital organs. In this case, death can occur, so call an ambulance immediately.

How can you provide first aid?

Every minute waiting for a carriage can cost a human life. To avoid sad consequences, it is worth remembering several rules for providing first aid to the victim.

So, the main task is to replenish the fluid volume in the body of a dehydrated person. To do this, you need to give the patient water so that he drinks it in very small sips. It is advisable to choose drinks with a high electrolyte content - these could be frozen juices, sports tonics, or melted shaved ice. If you have plain water at hand, also let your body get enough.

Then try to cool your body. The following manipulations will help you do this:

1. Remove outer clothing, shirt and trousers if possible.
2. If there is a room nearby, take the exhausted person there.
3. If there is one nearby, wrap the body with a damp towel and sit the patient under the stream of air.
4. You can use a bottle with a spray nozzle.
5. Avoid excessive hypothermia to prevent constriction of blood vessels.

The victim should be taken to the hospital if he has symptoms such as lethargy, pain in the chest or abdomen, fainting, unconsciousness, etc.

Tests for dehydration

In case of dehydration, doctors prescribe general tests, which can be used to assess the state of exhaustion of the body. will show the degree of blood plasma condensation, the number of red blood cells, as well as blood clotting indicators. Diagnostics shows an increase/decrease in the specific gravity of urine. And it will indicate directly the amount of electrolytes in the plasma.

Treatment of dehydration

The main goal of treating dehydration is to restore the volume of blood and fluids in the body. Depending on the severity of the patient’s condition and the degree of progression of dehydration, doctors use various methods of control.

Infusion therapy is the most effective and simple way to treat water exhaustion. The essence of the technique is to fully saturate the body with liquid, which contains carbohydrates in large quantities. If victims are not vomiting, nausea or fainting, then water is consumed orally. And in cases of severe dehydration, fluid is administered intravenously.

When visible improvements occur, with the doctor’s permission, the patient can go to a home hospital. However, if the victim has a difficult recovery, he has a fever, symptoms of infection, loss of consciousness, then he should remain under the supervision of a specialist until he recovers.

Preventing dehydration

The danger of the consequences of dehydration is so great that it can sometimes be very expensive. In order not to subject your body to such tests, it is necessary to prevent possible dehydration at the very first stage. To prevent fluid deficiency, you must follow simple recommendations:

1. In dry weather, long trips, vigorous physical activity or, always have a bottle of water on hand.
2. Make sure children and elderly people in your family drink enough fluids per day.
3. Avoid exercise when the weather is hot and dry.
4. Avoid, especially in hot weather, as it blocks the ability to feel the symptoms of the first stage of dehydration.
5. On sunny and dry days, try to wear clothes in light colors, preferably made from natural fabrics and loose fit.
6. Try to stay in the shade or in air-conditioned areas.

Ecology of consumption. There are simple signs that will allow you to answer this question yourself, without resorting to laboratory research. When water loss exceeds 2% of body weight, a decrease in the functional and cognitive level of the body begins.

There are simple signs that will allow you to answer this question yourself, without resorting to laboratory tests. When water loss exceeds 2% of body weight, a decrease in the functional and cognitive level of the body begins.

After the body loses more than 5% of fluid, the rate of sweating and skin blood flow begins to decrease, and because of this, the body's ability to distribute excess heat that accumulates in the body suffers. A lack of fluid of 6-10% of body weight will reduce the body's endurance during physical activity by reducing cardiac blood flow, sweating, and skin and muscle blood flow.

Sign of dehydration 1:

Thirst is a sign that the body lacks fluid and needs to be replenished. In a previous article, I wrote in detail about the test sip method and its features. Let me remind you once again that thirst disappears before the moisture deficit is compensated, so it is important to have access to water even after quenching thirst. Under stress, the feeling of thirst can be dulled.

Sign of dehydration 2 : change in color and amount of urine.

One of the most obvious signs of dehydration is darkened urine and decreased frequency of urination. Her dark color and pungent odor They also talk about dehydration. And the darker the urine and the stronger its smell, the more dehydrated the body is. All details are in the image.

Dehydration is a serious pathology that parents don't notice right away. More precisely, they see some alarming signs, but attribute them to fatigue, overwork, or a cold.

And precious time is lost. It is very important to see exactly dehydration(dehydration), and quickly help the child.

Impaired water balance is a pathology that is more susceptible to namely young children. And it is for them that the condition is most dangerous; the most important metabolic processes, including brain ones, are disrupted.

The immune defense is not yet fully operational, and the child’s body is not so strong in self-regulation, because dehydration happens quite quickly(compared to an adult), and the mechanism of complications also starts quickly. We will tell you about the first signs of dehydration in a child in this article.

How does Quincke's edema manifest in children? Find out about it from our.

General concept

This is a pathological condition, it is associated with decrease in the amount of water in the body, when it falls below the required physiological values.

Dehydration is always accompanied by a failure of metabolic processes. It is not a separate disease, it is only a complication of the disease that develops very quickly.

It's especially hard recognize dehydration in an infant, meanwhile, the speed of pathological changes, as well as the scale, is very high.

Severity

There are three degrees of severity - mild, moderate and severe. Lost in mild cases no more than 5% liquid, and it usually occurs in the first hours after.

Moderate water loss by 6-10%, develops from a day to a day and a half, usually against the background of a very high temperature and refusal to drink.

Severe dehydration is considered to be a loss of 10% or more fluid, resulting from persistent vomiting and diarrhea.

When does it occur?

Most often, dehydration is a consequence viral or bacterial infection. Since bacteria and viruses provoke the production of poisons, which poison the cellular composition of the body.

And the body itself, in order to overcome the problem, turns on all means of defense - the temperature rises, vomiting and diarrhea develop, and loss of appetite is noted.

Also can lead to dehydration:

Exactly young children are at risk- There is more water in a child’s body than in an adult. Also, children have a high rate of water-electrolyte metabolism, but the renal and neurohumoral mechanisms of the regulatory processes of water and salts are not yet so perfect.

How does it manifest?

How can you tell if your child is dehydrated? If the baby is under one year old and has vomiting, severe diarrhea, fever- you need to call an ambulance immediately. Do not run to the clinic, do not wait for the pediatrician to come, but call a medical team.

Dehydration develops almost at lightning speed, you can only notice that the child is lethargic, think that it is starting, but things are already taking a dangerous turn.

Call the doctors urgently with the following symptoms:

• the baby has dry mucous membranes of the mouth and tongue;
• the skin has become grayish;
• saliva viscosity increased;
• the child is lethargic and sleepy.

Similar urgent call for doctors requires a condition when the child constantly cries, he is restless, and the crying is dry (without tears).

The baby's fontanelles on the head become sunken, the pulse quickens, he pees less often, and the urine is dark with a pungent odor. The baby's eyes become sunken and an acute feeling of thirst arises.

How to provide first aid?

Babies simply won’t be able to drink a lot, it’s physically unrealistic, so parents themselves can’t do anything - actions may make the situation worse.

You need to call a doctor immediately. If the doctor sees a mild degree, he will prescribe treatment, and may even keep the child at home. But more often the baby is hospitalized.

Older children need to be given plenty of fluids. Moreover, special solutions. These are Regidron, Oralit, you can take Pedilight, Glucosolan.

In the first five hours the solution is given every 10 minutes 5-15 ml. When the child's condition improves, the solution is reduced, but it must still meet physiological needs. If the child doesn’t drink at all, you can use a syringe without a needle to pour the solution into his cheek.

What can I replace pharmaceutical powder with?

What to do if you don’t have rehydrate at home? You don’t have to run as fast as you can to the pharmacy (especially since this is not always possible), make your own rehydration solution.

For 1 liter of boiled, cooled water, take half a teaspoon of salt, 4 teaspoons of sugar, half a teaspoon of baking soda and half a teaspoon of potassium chloride.

The finished solution is used only a day.

In this case, the liquid should be at room temperature, since hot drinks take up moisture, but cold drinks will simply pass through in transit.

What is absolutely forbidden to do?

You absolutely cannot wait, hoping that it will go away on its own. You should not overheat the child, you should not give medications that the doctor has not prescribed. Antiemetics should not be given, these medications are given in strictly limited quantities in special cases, and for older children.

The scheme is simple: if there are alarming signs, call a doctor. For children under one year old, this is only an ambulance; older children can call a pediatrician. While he is walking, give him a rehydration solution.

Why is this condition dangerous?

What are the consequences? Dehydration is extremely dangerous for brain function. When dehydration occurs, the barrier function of the brain's capillaries is disrupted, which can result in hazardous substances entering the brain.

Water is just as important for the brain as oxygen. Dehydration is also dangerous for the circulatory system - blood thickens, and its main cells reduce their activity.

For infants, dehydration is dangerous - it leads to borderline conditions if help is not provided immediately.

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When is medical help needed?

Call an ambulance immediately if the child has become unusually weak, if his fontanelles are sunken, his eyes are rolling.

Too lethargic, like a sleepy child, refusing to eat and drink - this is a reason to call an ambulance.

If you expect that the ambulance will take a long time, and the children’s hospital is not far away - take the child yourself. The phone number of your local pediatrician should always be at hand.

Dial it and find out how and what to do, describe the child’s condition. This way you will calm down, be coordinated by professional advice, and will not waste precious time.

Diagnostics

The doctor examines the child, but the information that the parents say is no less important. You should monitor how often your child pees; if there is no urination for more than 6 hours, this is the most obvious indicator dehydration.

The color and smell of urine are also indicative - when dehydrated, it becomes darker and the smell is more pungent.

Lethargic or, on the contrary, hyperactive, crying without tears - all this indicates dehydration.

Treatment methods and drugs

After examining the baby, after determining the degree of dehydration, the doctor determines where the child is best treated.

Mild dehydration usually treated at home.

The baby takes special solutions that restore the water-salt balance. Children under two years of age are usually prescribed Regidron and Rehydrolite.

Moderate severity is already an indication for inpatient treatment, albeit short-lived. The child will be given an infusion solution and watch as the small body begins to replenish the lack of water. They are discharged home when the child feels better and starts drinking.

In case of severe dehydration, the child is urgently transferred to a hospital.

There he will undergo a full examination, infusion therapy, the treatment of the infection itself, if the latter is diagnosed.

Recovery diet

If the child is already two years old, then in addition to the rehydration solution, he can be given still mineral water, and also a light soup with water. Can vegetable or chicken broth.

If the baby last vomited more than four hours ago, you can offer him a banana, an apple, unsweetened rice porridge, boiled potatoes or durum pasta.

For about a couple of days, the diet should be like this, carbohydrate.

Then, if the baby feels well, gradually can be translated to a normal, more varied diet.

Sweets are not included in the principle of a restorative diet. Even in minimal quantities. Remember that they are only help the infection settle more comfortably in the body and “support” the inflammatory process.

Prevention

A child of any age, especially a small one, should strictly observe the drinking regime. This, of course, is the concern of the parents. Water is not a substitute for juice, soda, tea or coffee.

You can offer your baby water slightly sweetened with honey and a slice of lemon.

It is healthy and tasty, and if you give this drink to your baby from an early age(provided that he doesn’t have any honey), he won’t like juices and lemonades so much.

In hot dry weather and when the temperature jumps, the volumes of liquid increase. Even one-time diarrhea and vomiting require increased drinking volumes. You need to drink little, but often. You cannot refuse breastfeeding unless your doctor insists on it.

Dehydration - real serious danger for a child.

Even if parents are adherents of the theory that it is not worth calling a doctor again, in a threatening situation they should discard their arguments, because the child simply needs to be saved.

How to determine dehydration in a child? You can learn about this from the video:

We kindly ask you not to self-medicate. Make an appointment with a doctor!

Hello, dear readers! We all know about the health benefits of plain water. But do you know about dehydration - the other side of a person’s need for water? What is dangerous about its deficiency in the body and how do you know if your body is suffering from dehydration? This will be discussed today.

A person without water can live no more than 3 days, and this despite the fact that the proportion of liquid in a healthy person is two-thirds of body weight. Even a slight decrease leads to pathological changes because any individual cell cannot function without water. Why is this happening, let's figure it out together.

The fluid present in the body is in three states. This:

1. blood circulating through blood vessels;
2. intercellular fluid, which fills the intercellular space;
3. intracellular fluid (cytosol), which acts as a nutrient medium for cells.

The body, which is not experiencing a fluid deficiency, contains approximately 94% water, and the cell contains 75%. According to the law of osmotic pressure, water enters the cell, carrying with it nutrients (microelements, etc.)

Regulation of the volume and electrolyte structure of body fluids is carried out by neuroendocrine and renal control systems. A stable balance of osmotic pressure of blood, intercellular and intracellular fluids is one of the key factors ensuring the normal functioning of cells.

Dehydration - causes

The most natural cause of dehydration is a prolonged lack of water. This happens quite rarely, usually it happens in extreme situations. Other most common causes of deficiency are:

• Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by profuse diarrhea, vomiting or sweating, during which a large amount of fluid is lost and along with it electrolytes, which are involved in water-salt metabolism.
• Profuse sweating usually occurs in people who are intensely involved in physical work or exercise, during illnesses accompanied by fever, as well as in women with pathological menopause.
• Increased urination, which is more common with diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.
• Taking diuretics and medications that have diuretic side effects, these include antihypertensives and antihistamines.
• The use of alcohol and drugs also contributes to the removal of fluid from the body.

• young children, who are most often susceptible to intestinal infections, the elderly;
• older people in most cases suffer from chronic diseases, which are often accompanied by a dulled feeling of thirst and poor adaptation to the environment;
• athletes who sweat a lot and lose a lot of fluid during training;
• people living in hot and humid climatic zones and often consuming sugary carbonated drinks, Coca-Cola and alcohol.

Types of dehydration

Taking into account the main cause of dehydration and its duration, the following types of dehydration are distinguished.

Hypertensive appearance – intracellular dehydration. It develops with a large loss of water, which manifests itself with severe diarrhea and profuse sweating. As a result, an increase in sodium electrolytes in the blood plasma is provoked. Blood volume increases due to intercellular fluid. The lack of intercellular fluid is compensated by fluid from the cells due to osmotic pressure.

Hypotonic type– extracellular dehydration, develops more often with intense vomiting. As a result of large loss of fluid in the blood, the sodium concentration drops. To equalize homeostasis, sodium salts from the intercellular space will be mixed into the bloodstream, and water will be mixed into the intercellular space. And again, due to osmotic pressure, water from the intercellular space moves into the cell, and potassium salts from the cell move into the intercellular space, and subsequently out of the body with urine.

Isotonic type– here there is a proportionate gradual loss of water and electrolytes. This is believed to be the most common type of dehydration. In this case, the patient’s condition does not suffer much, but severe forms of this type of dehydration also occur.

Based on the degree of fluid deficiency, there are:

• mild degree with loss of up to two liters of water in the body - this is 5-6% of body weight;
• average degree with a loss of up to four liters or 6-10% of body weight;
• severe degree - loss is more than 4 liters or more than 10% of body weight.

When you lose 15-20% of body weight, metabolic processes in the body are disrupted, and more than 20% can lead to death.

Signs of dehydration

• Unreasonable fatigue. Food without water has no nutritional value, since water is required for the hydrolysis reaction to absorb all nutrients.
• Irritability, anger, anxiety. The brain needs energy to function. Therefore, to calm down, you just need to drink 1-2 glasses of water and the person will calm down.
• Anxiety, feeling of fear occur due to a lack of fluid in the frontal lobes of the brain.
• Depression– this condition indicates a serious degree of dehydration, which is manifested by a lack of amino acids - tryptophan and tyrosine, which are involved in the production of serotonin, melatonin, tiptamine and indoleamine - chemicals that regulate the physiology of the body, as well as mood.
• Lethargy- This is a signal from the brain to improve blood circulation. The brain lacks the supply of water to its cells. Like all other cells of the body, brain cells produce metabolic products that must be excreted. Lethargy is often preceded by a feeling of heaviness and headaches, as with normal intoxication.
• Poor and restless sleep – the reason lies in the large excretion of fluid through sweat, especially if it is hot in the bedroom or you sleep under a thick blanket. Just drink a glass of water and you will have a restful sleep.

• Inattention – this is also a trick of the brain. The more water in the brain cells, the more energy it can spend on storing information.
• Desire to drink something other than water, and sweet carbonated drinks, tea, coffee, alcohol. Drinking these drinks does nothing to quench your thirst, but leads to even greater dehydration. This is due to the development of a conditioned reflex: dehydration causes stress, and these drinks produce endorphins - natural opiates, which cause addiction and craving for repeated use.
• Dreams in which you dream of water (sea, river, desire to drink). This is on a subconscious level, the brain asks to quench thirst, even during deep sleep.

What can be the consequences of a lack of water?

Our body is such a complex mechanism and, as we have already understood, even a small loss of water causes disturbances in its functioning. And if moderate or severe dehydration occurs, there can be much more serious consequences, literally for all body systems.

So, the brain suffers the most. As the body dehydrates, the volume of intracellular fluid first decreases (66%), then intercellular fluid (26%), and then water is removed from the blood (8%). This is done to supply water mainly to the brain. The brain is made up of 85% water. Moreover, the loss of even one percent of water entails irreversible changes in the brain.

When the brain is dehydrated, the blood-brain barrier is disrupted, causing dangerous substances to enter the brain, which can later lead to Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis.

Dehydration causes blood to thicken. Red blood cells, leukocytes, platelets stick together into one conglomerate, the presence of which is one of the reasons for the development of atherosclerosis.

Suffering from a deficiency of water and immune system cells, which leads to the development of immunodeficiency states and the development of chronic pathologies: infertility, systemic diseases, etc.

Many people confuse hunger and thirst. And instead of drinking a glass of water, they start eating. Overeating contributes to the development of excess weight, and then to obesity. If nutrients are not used to produce energy, then the energy is stored in the form of fat.

Lack of water leads to the development of hypertension, the development of various diseases, as well as premature aging.

Diagnosis of water deficiency in the body

You can do this simple test. Lift the skin on the back of your hand with your fingers and release. If your skin immediately returns to its original state, it means you are drinking enough water. If the fold does not disappear within half a minute, then this is a sure sign of fluid deficiency.

Preventing dehydration

Preventing dehydration is much easier than treating it. To prevent this from happening, it is enough to drink 2-2.5 liters of ordinary water. Make it a habit to take a water bottle with you and drink small sips from it throughout the day.

It is important to know that 2/3 of the required daily volume of water must be drunk in the first half of the day; you can drink your last drink of water 2 hours before bedtime.

During outdoor games, give young children 150 ml of water every half hour.

If you drink little water and have loose stools, vomiting, dizziness, lack of urination for 12 hours, fever, convulsions, etc., this is a reason to immediately seek medical help.

Dear readers, now you understand that you can and should drink water. So said Fereydoun Batmanghelidj, a doctor and scientist, author of the book “Your Body is Asking for Water,” who devoted 20 years to studying water metabolism and the phenomenon of pain: “You are not sick - you are thirsty.” Therefore, drink water, but only correctly.

Home " In the early stages" What helps with dehydration. Nutrition for dehydration

Food poisoning– a non-contagious disease that occurs as a result of eating food containing harmful microorganisms or substances toxic to the human body.

Food poisoning is a collective concept, as it can be caused by a number of different reasons, but the mechanism of development of the disease, as well as its manifestation, are similar. All types of food poisoning are characterized by: general intoxication, inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa, as well as frequent development of dehydration.

Types and classification of food poisoning

There are 2 main groups of food poisoning:

1. Food poisoning of microbial origin

• Toxic infections (Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, E. coli, Bac. cereus, Str. faecalis, etc.)
• Toxicoses
  • Bacterial (toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus, Cl. botulinum.)
  • Fungal (toxins produced by fungi Aspergilus, Fusarium, etc.)
• Mixed

1. Food poisoning of non-microbial origin

• Poisoning caused by poisonous plants and animal tissues:
  • Plants that are poisonous by nature (henbane, belladonna, fly agaric, etc.)
  • Animal tissues that are poisonous in nature (organs of fish - barbel, pufferfish, Marinka, etc.)
  • Plant products that are poisonous under certain conditions (green potatoes containing corned beef, raw beans, etc.)
  • Products of animal origin that are poisonous under certain conditions (caviar, milk, liver of some fish during spawning - mackerel, burbot, pike, etc.)
  • Poisoning due to chemical impurities (pesticides, nitrates, compounds introduced into the product from packaging materials, etc.)

1. Food poisoning of unknown cause.

Toxic infection – an acute disease that occurs after eating food containing a large number of living microorganisms. The causative agents of toxic infections actively multiply on food products; when they enter the human body, the harmful effects are determined both by the microbe itself and by the toxins that are released after its death.

The main pathogens of food poisoning: Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, E. coli, Bac. cereus, Str. Faecalis, as well as little-studied Hafnia, Pseudomonas, Klebsiela, etc.

Toxicoses– an acute or chronic (in the case of fungal toxicosis) disease in which the development of the disease occurs due to the action of a toxin that has accumulated on food products. The pathogen itself enters the body in small quantities. For example, when cheese is aged for a long time, only staphylococcal toxin without a living microorganism can be preserved.

General mechanisms of food poisoning development

Food poisoning agents can produce toxins both in food and in the human body. Also, when the pathogen is destroyed, an additional portion of various toxic substances is released in the gastrointestinal tract. When toxins enter the human body, the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines is primarily affected, which is manifested by an inflammatory reaction and disruption of intestinal motor activity. This is accompanied by pain in the abdominal area, diarrhea and vomiting. After toxins begin to enter the blood, general intoxication of the body develops, which is accompanied by a number of characteristic symptoms (headache, increased body temperature, increased heart rate, etc.).

Symptoms and signs of food poisoning

The first symptoms of poisoning

How long does it take for poisoning to appear?

Regardless of the factor that caused the poisoning, the manifestations of the disease are similar and can be divided into 3 main groups of symptoms:

1. Symptoms of inflammation of the stomach and intestinal mucosa (symptoms of gastroenterocolitis)
2. Symptoms of intoxication
3. Symptoms of dehydration

Symptoms of gastroenterocolitis

Symptoms arise as a result of the damaging effects of microbes and their toxins on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines.

• Stomach ache
• Discomfort in the abdomen
• Nausea
• Vomit

Symptoms of intoxication

Intoxication occurs as a result of toxins entering the blood, which leads to various disorders in many organs and systems. Intoxication reflects the body's response to infection. The severity of the patient's condition is largely determined by the degree of intoxication.

Main symptoms of intoxication:

• General weakness
• Chills
• Headache
• Increased body temperature
• Pain in muscles and joints
• Lethargy
• Nausea
• Vomit

How to determine the degree of intoxication?

Symptoms of dehydration

Symptoms of dehydration are caused by fluid loss through vomiting and diarrhea.
Main symptoms of dehydration:

• General weakness
• Thirst
• Dry mucous membranes
• Increased heart rate
• Headache
• Nausea
• Vomit
• Diarrhea
• Decreased urine output

How to determine the degree of dehydration?

Factors indicating food poisoning:

• The onset of the disease is acute, sudden (from 30 minutes to 7 days, usually 2-6 hours)
• The disease develops simultaneously in a group of people
• As a rule, the course of the disease is short (3-5 days)
• A clear connection between the disease and the consumption of a certain dish or product
• Food poisoning is not transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person, and this is their main difference from infectious diseases.

The main types of food poisoning depending on the product and the causative agent of the disease and some of their features

First of all, we should separately highlight diseases such as shigellosis and salmonellosis, which are essentially infectious diseases. However, they are often considered as foodborne diseases. These diseases are somewhat more severe than banal food poisoning and require close attention, especially in treatment.

Dairy product poisoning

Poisoning with milk, kefir, butter, cheese, cottage cheese...

Possible causative agents of the disease: Shigella Sonne, name of the disease shigellosis(“urban disease”, dysentery), staphylococcus, etc.

Shigella– a bacterium, shaped like a rod with a rounded end. They live on food in the soil for up to 5-14 days. They die in direct sunlight within 30 minutes, or instantly when boiled.

Cause:

1. There are carriers of Shigella Zone infection who hide their illness and do not want to seek medical help; if they do not comply with sanitary rules, food products are contaminated. Contamination of food products by patients occurs at various stages of collection, transportation and sale of these products.
2. Insufficient disinfection or contamination of milk and dairy products directly at dairies and factories.
3. Dairy products are an excellent nutrient substrate for bacterial growth.
4. Sour cream, milk, cottage cheese, kefir, cream, and cheese come first as risk factors.

Symptoms

Symptoms of general intoxication:

• Onset is acute (1-7 days)
• General malaise
• Moderate headache
• Temperature is usually normal, rising to 38 °C or higher is rare
• Sudden loss of appetite

Symptoms of colitis (inflammation of the large intestine):

• Cramping pain, usually on the left side of the lower abdomen
• False urge to defecate(tenesmus)
• Frequent, scanty stools ( rectal spit) with a large amount of cloudy mucus and streaks of blood, often more than 10 times a day

Laboratory diagnostics:

• Shigella is isolated from stool

Poisoning with meat, chicken, eggs, protein poisoning

Salmonella is a common pathogen causing the so-called salmonellosis.

Salmonella- rod-shaped bacterium with rounded edges, mobile - has flagella over its entire surface.

Salmonella can survive in meat for up to 6 months, in frozen meat for more than six months, in eggs for up to 1 year or more, on eggshells for up to 24 days. In the refrigerator, being in meat, salmonella not only survive, but are also able to multiply (at low temperatures above zero). Salmonella at 70 °C dies within 5-10 minutes, but in the thickness of a piece of meat it can withstand boiling for several hours.

Symptoms of poisoning:

Type of patient:

• Pallor, possible bluishness of the extremities

Symptom of general intoxication:

• Onset is acute or acute (from 2 hours to 72 hours)
• General malaise
• Headache
• temperature rise to 38°C or higher
• Sudden loss of appetite
• In severe cases, loss of consciousness, convulsions

Symptoms of enterocolitis (inflammation of the intestines):

• Cramping pain, mainly above and around the navel
• The stool is copious, watery, up to 10 times a day, greenish or dark brown in color, foul-smelling, sometimes looks like “swamp mud.”
• There is no blood in the stool.

Laboratory diagnostics

• Salmonella is isolated from vomit and feces. In the common form, from blood and urine.

Confectionery poisoning

Poisoning is mainly caused not by the microorganism itself, but by the toxin it produces.

Most often, staphylococcus gets into food products from people suffering from various purulent diseases (furunculosis, festering wounds, tonsillitis, sinusitis). Staphylococcus multiplies well in dairy products, especially in confectionery creams, etc. During their life, staphylococci release a special type of toxin - enterotoxin, which causes poisoning. Enterotoxin does not change the taste or smell of food. The toxin is resistant to heat and can withstand heating up to 100 C for 1-2 hours.

Symptoms and distinctive features of staphylococcal toxin poisoning:

• Rapid onset of illness (30-60 minutes after eating contaminated food)
• Nausea, the most common symptom
• Uncontrollable vomiting
• Severe cutting pain in the abdomen, above the navel
• Body temperature is normal or low, rarely rises to 38-39 C, lasts several hours.
• Lethargy
• Dizziness
• Diarrhea in 50% of cases, no more than 2-5 bowel movements per day, duration 1-3 days
• There are no blood or mucus in the stool
• High likelihood of development, seizures and loss of consciousness

Fish poisoning

If after visiting a sushi bar you feel general malaise, nausea, stomach pain and diarrhea, it looks like you have been poisoned. The most common causative agents of poisoning in sushi bars are 1) bacteria from the group of Escherichia coli (E.Coli, Citrobacter, Enterobacter), 2) Staphylococcus aureus 3) Proteus, etc. Usually, such bacteria get into food if basic hygiene rules are not followed and improper storage. In this case, the classic development of food poisoning occurs. Symptoms: general weakness, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.

However, there are fish poisonings that become poisonous on their own under certain conditions. For example, during spawning, milk, liver and caviar of fish such as pike, perch, burbot, barbel, and beluga become poisonous, causing severe poisoning.

Poisonings that occur as an allergic reaction also occur. After eating fish, symptoms such as redness of the skin, itching, swelling of the face, burning in the mouth, headache, nausea, diarrhea may occur. This manifestation of poisoning is explained by the high content of substances in fish that cause allergy symptoms, such as histamine, etc. After the action of histamine ends, all symptoms disappear without a trace, after about 7-8 hours. But for your own safety, it is better to take antiallergic drugs (suprastin, cetirizine, etc.) and consult a doctor, because the development of a true allergic reaction to fish components cannot be ruled out.

Be careful when choosing fish:

• It is strictly forbidden to eat fish that has lost its scales, has a swollen belly, or has cloudy eyes.

Be careful when cooking fish:

• Fish is stored at 1 °C
• You should not defrost fish unless you have decided what you will cook. After defrosting, fish very quickly begins to deteriorate and release dangerous toxins.

Fish poisoning is a serious disease and in most cases requires qualified medical care.

Mushroom poisoning

Among poisonings with plant poisons, mushroom poisoning occupies a leading place.
There are more than 70 species of poisonous mushrooms in Russia, 20 of which have highly toxic properties. Throughout the year, cases of mushroom poisoning occur in every 5th Russian family. The number of victims increases during the so-called “mushroom season” from May to November. At this time, severe, sometimes mass poisonings of people occur, many of which result in death. No one is safe from poisoning; sometimes even the most experienced mushroom pickers encounter this problem.

Canned food poisoning botulism

Botulism– a severe, potentially fatal infectious disease caused by botulinum toxin entering the body. It is characterized by damage to the nervous system with impaired vision, swallowing, speech and progressive respiratory depression.

Read more about canned food poisoning in the article: Botulism

Emergency care for poisoning

Treatment of poisoning at home

The main task in the treatment of food poisoning is the removal of toxins from the body and restoration of water-mineral balance.

What to do?	How?	For what?
Perform gastric lavage	See Gastric lavage	Rapid removal from the body of contaminated food residues, microorganisms and their toxins. Gastric lavage is most effective if performed for the first time hours after poisoning.
Cleanse the intestines if there is no diarrhea.	Take a laxative or do an enema. Saline laxatives: Gauber's salt - 1 tbsp per glass of water. salt. Carlsbad salt - 1 tbsp for half a glass of water. spoon Cleansing enema - high siphon enema (10 liters of water). A siphon enema is done on the same principle as gastric lavage using a thick probe. Only the probe is inserted into the colon 40 cm.	Diarrhea is a natural process of cleansing the body of harmful substances, so you should give the body some time to remove everything unnecessary on its own. And you should not interfere with it, namely, immediately take antidiarrheal drugs.
Replace fluids and minerals lost through vomiting and diarrhea.	Fluid replacement is carried out depending on the degree of dehydration 2 ways to replenish fluid: 1. Orally (Per os) for patients with mild to moderate poisoning. Special solutions are used: Regidron Citralucosol Glucosolan Regidron application: Dissolve 1 packet in 1 liter of boiled water (temperature 37-40 C). You should drink in small sips, 1 glass (200 ml) for 10 minutes. For best effectiveness, you should drink 1-1.5 liters in 1 hour. The first stage of fluid replenishment lasts 1.5-3 hours, in 80% of cases it is enough to normalize the condition. However, if losses continue, correction is carried out within another 2-3 days (stage II). At the first stage of treatment, the required fluid is calculated based on the degree of dehydration and the patient’s weight: I degree 30-40 ml/kg II-III degree 40-70 ml/kg At the second stage of treatment, the required volume of fluid is determined based on the volume of fluid lost with vomiting and diarrhea in the next day. 2. Intravenous infusion: trisol quartasol xlosol The speed and volume of infusions depends on the degree of dehydration and the patient’s body weight: Severe degree - 60-120 ml/kg, 70-90 ml/min Moderate degree – 55-75 ml/kg, 60-80 ml/min	Timely replenishment of lost fluid and minerals quickly normalizes the general condition, accelerates the removal of toxins from the body, and prevents severe metabolic disorders. Contraindications for the use of oral solutions: infectious-toxic shock uncontrollable vomiting fluid loss more than 1.5 l/h diabetes glucose malabsorption dehydration of II-III degree with unstable blood circulation In case of contraindication to oral therapy, intravenous replacement therapy is performed.
In most cases, the above actions are quite enough to improve your general condition and ensure a speedy recovery. However, for concomitant chronic diseases (chronic pancreatitis, cholecystitis, etc.), treatment must be supplemented with some other drugs.
Take enterosorbent - a drug that binds toxins.	Filtrum: 2-3 tab. 3-4 times a day, 3-5 days course. White coal: 3-4 times a day, 3-4 tablets. Enterosgel: One and a half tablespoons 3 times a day Polysorb: 1 tables. Place a spoon with the top in 100 ml of water. 3-4 times a day, 3-5 days.	The drugs bind microbes and their toxins. Reduce symptoms of intoxication, improve general condition, speed up recovery.
Reduce pain	Duspitalin 1 cap. 2 times a day No-shpa 1 tab. 3 times a day	The drugs relieve spasms that occur during poisoning, thereby eliminating pain.
Protect the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines	Take astringents and enveloping agents: Kassirsky powder: 1 powder 3 times a day; bismuth subsalicylate - 2 tablets. four times a day.	Protects the mucous membrane from irritation and damage, helps reduce pain.
Take an antiseptic (for severe diarrhea)	Intetrix: 1-2 drops. 3-4 r. per day, for 3-5 days Intestopan: 1-2 t.. 4-6 times a day, duration 5-10 days	Has a detrimental effect on the causative agent of the disease. It has antimicrobial, antifungal and antiprotozoal effects.
Take enzymes	Mezim Festal Panzinorm 1 tablet 3 times a day with meals. For 7-14 days after poisoning.	As an adjuvant therapy, taking into account possible disorders of the secretion of digestive glands and insufficient secretion of digestive enzymes.
Restore intestinal microflora	Normaze, 75 ml per day, for 2-3 weeks Bio-cocktail “NK” During acute diarrhea, 2-3 tablespoons, 3-4 times a day, 1-2 days. After which 1-2 tbsp. 3 times a day for 1-3 months. You can also use other eubiotics: bactisubtil (1 capsule, 3-6 times a day, before meals), linex (2 capsules, 3 times a day), bifidumbacterin forte Duration of treatment is 2 weeks.	Normaze - lactulose included in the drug, promotes the growth of healthy microflora, thereby preventing the development of putrefactive ones. Biococktail is an ecological, clean food product that normalizes intestinal microflora, binds, neutralizes and removes toxins from the body.
Specific treatment of food poisoning caused by Shigella: Antibacterial drugs: The drug of choice is furazolidone, Application: 4 times a day, 0.1 g for 5-7 days For moderate severity of the disease - Biseptol, Application: 2 r. 2 tablets per day, for 5-7 days. In severe cases - ampicillin, Application: 4 times a day, 0.5 g, for 5-7 days.
Some features of the treatment of poisoning caused by salmonella: Antimicrobial drugs are not indicated for the gastrointestinal form of the disease. In the presence of Salmonella carriage, Salmonella bacteriophage is indicated, 2 tablets. 3 times a day, for 30 minutes. before meals, 5-7 days. Those sick with salmonellosis are allowed into the team only after complete recovery.

Poisoning, treatment with folk remedies

• Bath or sauna will help actively remove toxins from the body.
• Dill decoction with honey. For 200 ml of water 1 tsp. dry herbs or 1 tbsp. fresh greens. Boil for 20 minutes over low heat, cool, add boiled water to the initial volume, then add 1 tbsp. l. honey. It is recommended to drink the decoction 30 minutes before. before meals 100 ml . Dill has an analgesic effect, relieves spasms, accelerates the elimination of toxins due to increased urination. Normalizes the functioning of the digestive tract. Honey relieves inflammation, has bactericidal properties, binds toxins, and contains a healing composition of vitamins and minerals.
• Marshmallow infusion. 1 tbsp. chopped marshmallow root, pour 200 ml of boiling water, close the lid and leave for 30 minutes. Strain, drink 1 tbsp. before meals 4-5 times a day.

Althea relieves inflammation, envelops and protects the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines from damage, reduces pain and discomfort in the intestines.

• Ginger tea. Pour 1 tsp. ground ginger 200 ml boiling water, leave for 20 minutes. Drink 1 tablespoon every 30 – 60 minutes. Ginger actively binds toxins and promotes their elimination. It has antibacterial properties, eliminates spasms, strengthens the body's immune mechanisms.
• Water with lemon juice, rosehip tea, rowan berries. Drinks contain large amounts of vitamin C, which is involved in the processes of neutralization and removal of toxins. In addition, other vitamins and minerals found in drinks well replenish micro and macroelements lost through vomiting and diarrhea.
• During the day, instead of food, it is recommended to consume decoctions of rice and flaxseed. Prepare rice water: 1 part rice to 7 parts water, boil for 10 minutes, take 6 times a day, 1/3 cup.

Decoctions have an enveloping effect, protecting the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, reducing inflammation, and preventing the absorption of toxins. Flax seeds are not inferior to activated carbon in binding toxins. Decoctions normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and liver.

Diet for poisoning, what can you eat?

Patients are prescribed a gentle diet. Food that can have a mechanical or chemical effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines (smoked meats, canned food, hot and spicy dishes, milk, raw vegetables and fruits) is excluded from the diet. For the first days of illness, diet No. 4 is recommended, then as diarrhea stops, diet No. 2 is prescribed, after which they switch to diet No. 13.

Diet No. 4
A diet with limited fat and carbohydrates and normal protein content. Products that have a mechanical and chemical effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa (milk, sweets, legumes), products that enhance the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines, as well as products that stimulate gastric secretion and bile secretion (sauces, spices, snacks) are excluded.

• Free liquid 1.5-2 liters
• Energy value – 2100 kcal
• Diet 5-6 times a day
• Dishes are boiled or steamed.
• Recommended: soups, non-concentrated broths, boiled lean fish, water porridge (rice, buckwheat, oatmeal), mashed potatoes, jelly, cottage cheese, dried white bread, cookies, tea, rosehip infusions, blueberry jelly.
• Exclude: bakery and flour products, milk and dairy products, legumes, fruits and vegetables, sweets, fatty meats, fish, canned food, soups with cereals and vegetables.

Take enzyme preparations such as Mezim, Panzinorm 1 tablet. during meals, in order to help the digestive system that has not yet become stronger. Take 7-14.

Poisoning prevention

• Correctly determine the suitability of a product for consumption; refuse “suspicious” products, especially if:
  • Product has expired or is about to expire
  • The seal of the packaging is broken
  • The smell, taste, color of the product has changed
  • Uncharacteristic consistency of the product (heterogeneous, layered)
  • The appearance of bubbles when stirring, sediment at the bottom, lack of transparency, etc.
• Don't experiment with eating raw eggs
• It is better to refrain from snacking on the go from stalls
• During this time, put food in the refrigerator.
• You should not defrost food in the place where you will cook it later.
• It is good to heat-treat foods, especially meat, fish, eggs. You cannot marinate foods at room temperature.
• Protect products from contact with insects, rodents and other animals that may be carriers of harmful microorganisms.
• Wash your hands thoroughly before eating. Wash for at least 20-30 seconds with soap, preferably under warm water.
• Keep kitchen utensils clean. Kitchen surfaces should be wiped down both before and after cooking.
• Be sure to wash vegetables and fruits well before eating.