Can a chocolate cyst resolve? Chocolate kidney cyst. Endometrioid cyst and pregnancy

The most common benign nonblastomatous tumors include follicular, luteal (corpus luteum cyst), endometrioid (chocolate), paraovarian cysts, tumor-like formations due to the inflammatory process.

Follicular cyst

A follicular cyst develops from a primary ovarian follicle. It has a smooth surface and a thin capsule. The inside of the cyst capsule is covered with one or two layers of cubic epithelial cells. The contents of the follicular cyst are a transparent lemon-yellow liquid that does not contain mucus or mucin. The cyst grows towards the abdominal cavity.

Clinically, a follicular cyst can manifest itself as uterine bleeding as a result of overproduction of estrogens, which leads to hyperplastic processes in the uterine mucosa, slight nagging pain in the lower abdomen, and when the cyst pedicle is twisted, cramping pain. An uncomplicated follicular cyst of small size, as a rule, is asymptomatic and is detected during a gynecological examination.

Treatment of follicular cysts involves the use of combined oral contraceptives that inhibit gonadotropic stimulation of the ovaries while simultaneously monitoring the growth of the cyst using ultrasound scanning. Surgical removal is indicated in cases where there is no reduction in the size of the cyst within three months of treatment, especially if the symptoms of excessive estrogenization increase.

A corpus luteum cyst is a functional ovarian cyst, sometimes called a "cystic corpus luteum." The corpus luteum cyst is usually one-sided, up to 5 cm in diameter, has a folded surface, is yellow in color, and contains clear or hemorrhagic fluid. It is formed under the influence of excess gonadotropic hormones, possibly prolactin. The role of the inflammatory process in the area of ​​the uterine appendages, which contributes to impaired lymph and blood circulation in the area of ​​the corpus luteum, cannot be ruled out.

Corpus luteum cyst

The corpus luteum cyst produces an increased amount of progesterone, and since it exists longer than the usual corpus luteum, women with this formation experience a delay in their next menstruation.

Treatment of corpus luteum cysts involves anti-inflammatory measures. If there is no effect, laparoscopic surgical treatment is indicated. This tactic is justified due to the impossibility of excluding a true ovarian tumor by other means.

Endometrioid (chocolate) cyst

An endometrioid (chocolate) cyst is usually small in size, contains a thick dark brown liquid, and is accompanied by massive inflammatory adhesions to neighboring organs. The cyst is the result of implantation into the ovary of the endometrium, carried through the fallopian tubes from the uterine cavity. The endometrium develops on the surface of the ovaries and goes through all phases of the menstrual cycle until the release of menstrual blood. Aseptic inflammatory adhesions with the surrounding peritoneum and organs form around the ovary.

Clinically, an endometrioid cyst is accompanied by pain. The pain is associated with the menstrual cycle, increases during menstruation, subsides or disappears after menstruation.

When the capsule of an endometrioid cyst ruptures, the clinical picture of an “acute abdomen” develops.

Treatment of endometrioid cysts consists of removal of the cyst, coagulation of endometrioid heterotopias of the peritoneum, fallopian tubes and ligaments. In the postoperative period, the pituitary-ovarian relationship is regulated. For this purpose, danol, danazol, decapeptyl and other drugs that reduce the secretion of gonadotropins are used.

Paraovarian cyst

A paraovarian cyst develops from the tubules of the epididymis. The cyst is localized between the leaves of the broad ligament of the uterus (intraligamentary); more often it is one-sided, smooth-walled, round in shape, single-chamber. The contents of the cyst are serous, similar to transudate. It does not manifest itself clinically for a long time due to its slow growth. When it increases to a significant size, a pain syndrome appears with compression phenomena - pain in the lower abdomen and lower back (on the side of the cyst) of a bursting nature.

Treatment of paraovarian cysts involves surgical laparoscopy. For an uncomplicated cyst, the operation is reduced to its enucleation with dissection of the broad ligament of the uterus (preferably in front) from the intraligamentary space. In this case, the ovary and fallopian tube are preserved. Despite the significant deformation and stretching of the fallopian tube, thanks to its good retraction ability, the fallopian tube contracts and restores its previous shape.

A woman's reproductive age is very vulnerable in terms of a large number of pathological processes that regularly occur in the genitals. This is due to constant fluctuations in hormonal levels that occur during different phases of the menstrual cycle. or, as it is also called, chocolate ovarian cyst, is proof of this.

It is immediately worth noting that the reasons for the development of endometriosis have not yet been fully studied. All existing information today boils down to the fact that there are only assumptions as to why this happens, and factors have been identified that increase the risk of developing the disease:

• The presence of hormonal disorders that lead to problems with the functioning of the ovaries themselves and to disruption of the menstrual cycle;
• Development of dysfunction of the thyroid gland, as well as the adrenal cortex;
• The presence of a hereditary predisposition to pathology, which will be indicated by a “family” history when relatives are identified with similar problems;
• Long-term use of intrauterine contraceptives;
• Problems with liver function;
• Severe stress and prolonged psycho-emotional tension.

Symptoms

At the first stages of its development, this pathology often has an asymptomatic form, and therefore is detected by chance when treatment for another disease is required and its examination is carried out. This is usually the case with infertility. As for the appearance of symptoms and their severity, this directly depends on what stage the disease is at, as well as the degree of its spread.

The most common manifestations of such a “chocolate” cyst are the following symptoms:

• Infertility, which appears due to the progression of the adhesive process taking place in the pelvis;
• Painful sensations in the lower abdomen, which have a pulling nature and varying intensity, sometimes reaching a level of pain similar to that present during menstruation;
• A longer menstrual cycle, which also has brown discharge, which is not typical for normal periods;
• Pain that appears during sexual intercourse, greatly disturbing the woman and causing her significant inconvenience;

Diagnostics

Even a healthy woman should regularly visit a gynecologist for examination, even if she considers herself completely healthy. This will allow you to identify the disease at an early stage and begin its treatment in a timely manner. But if we talk about the targeted identification of such a cyst, then the diagnosis will come down to the following studies:

• A gynecological examination is performed, which makes it possible to suspect the presence of a formation during palpation;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs is considered a very effective diagnostic method, allowing with a high degree of probability to detect an abnormality in the ovary;
• Cytological diagnostics, which is carried out during the initial examination, will reveal the presence of a pathological process in the organ;
• MRI. A very high-quality diagnostic method, but due to its high price it is not widely used;
• Laparoscopy today is considered the most accurate way to identify an ovarian cyst, and also makes it possible to extract the necessary material;
• Carrying out a histological examination of the biopsy taken makes it possible to make a final diagnosis, and, if there is malignancy, to identify it.

Cytological diagnosis

Laparoscopy

Treatment

It is immediately worth noting that treatment with conservative methods is prescribed only if the formation is asymptomatic and does not have a large size, as well as prerequisites for mutation into a malignant form. Such therapy comes down to the use of various drugs that regulate the level of hormones in the body. This is due to the fact that other methods only deal with symptoms and do not eliminate the very cause of the pathology. However, the most effective method of elimination is surgery, while conservative methods will be used as additional ones.

Treatment occurs through the use of an endoscope equipped with micro-instruments. The image from the device will be transmitted to the screen, which the surgeon will use to navigate during the operation.

In total, there are several results of the operation, such as:

• Removal of only the cyst when it has reached a significant size and is easy to separate from nearby tissues;
• Removal of not only the formation, but parts of the ovary. An economical resection of the ovary is performed, which makes it possible to preserve a certain part of the organ;
• Carrying out complete excision of the affected ovary.

An endometrioid or “chocolate” ovarian cyst is a serious disease of the female reproductive system; it occurs as a complication of a disease such as endometriosis. In most cases, this type of cyst causes infertility in women of childbearing age. For women in adulthood, the problem of genital endometriosis, and in particular damage to the ovaries, is a threat to the development of cancer. Early detection, an integrated approach to diagnosis and treatment are the main tasks of obstetricians and gynecologists in the fight against this nosology and protecting the female population from the undesirable consequences of endometriosis.

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Endometrioid cyst

An endometrioid cyst or endometrioma is a common manifestation of endometriosis of the internal genital organs of a woman. This disease is quite difficult to identify.

The presence of a cyst of endometrioid tissue in the right or left ovary is not accompanied by specific symptoms and may be asymptomatic. There is no reliable diagnosis to detect pathology at an early stage. The appearance of a cyst in the ovary entails the development of serious complications and poses a threat to the life and health of a woman.

Treatment of ovarian cysts without surgery - with medications and folk remedies

What is a “chocolate cyst”?

The name “chocolate cyst” arose due to the external similarity of the contents of the cyst to liquid dark chocolate. In terms of its structure, the endometrioid cyst is a fibrous capsule and cavity. Inside the capsule is lined with tissue similar in structure to the endometrium. With the onset of menstruation, these tissue structures are shed along with the normal endometrium, which entails filling the cavity with blood and endometriotic cells. Before diagnosis, the cyst may exist for a long time. With each cycle it is possible to increase its volume.



Endometriosis

Depending on the volume and distribution of the affected areas, the degrees of ovarian endometriosis are distinguished:

• 1st degree. Punctate ovarian cysts are invisible with conventional ultrasound.
• 2nd degree. A cyst measuring 3 to 5 cm on the right or left ovary. Visualized during ultrasound examination. Small pathological foci are detected on the uterus and peritoneum. Possible development of adhesions.
• 3rd degree. Bilateral ovarian damage. Lesions up to 5 cm in size. Pronounced adhesions in the pelvic cavity.
• 4th degree. Cysts measuring 6 cm or more on two ovaries. Areas of endometriosis on other pelvic organs. Pronounced adhesions in the abdominal cavity.



Causes

At the present stage of development of medicine, no specific cause of endometrioid ovarian cyst has been identified. There are several theories about the etiology of the disease.

None of them fully satisfies the concept of the formation of pathological foci:

1. 1. The first theory is transport or implantation. Scientists have suggested that pathological foci are formed due to the migration of living endometrial cells from the uterine cavity to the ovaries. Their implantation and further growth in the ovary. The most obvious mechanism in this case is the throwing of menstrual blood through the fallopian tubes into the pelvic cavity. Favorable conditions are necessary for the attachment and functioning of cells. Ovarian tissue is an ideal place for the existence of endometrioid cells. A large number of vessels are directed to the ovary. Abundant nutrition is provided due to powerful blood flow. The peculiarities of the blood supply to the hormone-producing organ are associated with its active activity and the production of hormones for the functioning of the whole organism. The endometrium is a hormone-dependent structure. A high concentration of estrogen creates a favorable environment for the development of cells in the inner layer of the uterus.
2. 2. The second theory is cellular degeneration. The entire genitourinary system originates from a single rudiment. This theory is based on the assumption that the mesothelium of the peritoneum and the lining epithelium of the pelvic organs can degenerate. The formation of tissues from one precursor causes an increase in the CA-125 antigen in cases of the disease. CA-125 antigen is a tumor marker and is characteristic of the embryonic rudiment of these tissues. This theory is the least supported by scientific research.
3. 3. The third theory is embryonic. The basis of the theory is that when the rudiment of the reproductive and urinary systems separated in the embryonic period, small accumulations of embryonic tissue remained. During the growth and development of the organism, the remains of the embryonic tissue are activated and begin to develop. Uncontrolled growth of undifferentiated cells leads to the development of neoplastic neoplasm. The transition from the primary state to endometrioid tissue gives rise to the development of the corresponding pathology.
4. 4. The fourth theory is hormonal. An endometrioid ovarian cyst is both a cause and a consequence of gross disturbances in the hormonal regulation of the body. Pathology develops against the background of hormonal imbalance. With a pronounced increase in the level of estrogen in the body, the risk of developing this pathology increases. The endometrium is the point of application of sex hormones. Under the influence of estrogens, its functional layer is rejected. The structure of the cyst is similar to endometrial tissue. Its formation is due to hormonal activity. Conservative treatment of this pathology is based on the phenomenon of hormonal sensitivity of ovarian cysts.
5. 5. The fifth theory is immunological. The immune system protects the female body from the formation of foreign heterotopias. If the work of one’s own defenses is imperfect, implantation of viable endometrial cells occurs.
6. 6. Adhesive process in the pelvic cavity.
7. 7. Impaired patency of the fallopian tubes.
8. 8. Impaired evacuation and retention of menstrual blood in the uterine cavity in various pathologies of the cervix and external genitalia.



Other mechanisms

There are other mechanisms for the spread of viable endometrial cells. The lymphogenic and hematogenous mechanisms have not been confirmed experimentally. Medical manipulations play a significant role in the spread of blood from the uterine cavity. During surgery, blood leaks into the abdominal cavity. But this mechanism is not enough for the development of a serious disease.

The disadvantages of this theory are based on the fact that in 92% of women, small amounts of bloody discharge during menstruation can pass through the fallopian tubes into the abdominal cavity. The frequency of damage to the ovaries by endometrial cells does not correspond to the frequency of formation of the necessary conditions for implantation. The resulting discrepancies indicate the need for other predisposing factors.

According to the results of medical research, the embryonic theory is applicable in cases of disruption of tissue formation in the embryo while still in the womb. Disorders of tissue development in the embryonic period lead to the formation of malformations in the fetus. In such women, manifestations of endometrioid ovarian cysts are accompanied by the presence of abnormalities of the reproductive system. This theory explains individual cases of the disease.

Hormone imbalance is a trigger factor. Conditions are necessary for the development of the disease.

Together, implantation, hormonal and immune theories form the most complete understanding of the causes of the development of endometrioid ovarian cysts.

The development of endometrioid ovarian cysts is facilitated by the anatomical features of the woman’s genital organs. Heredity influences the occurrence of the disease. It is highly likely that this nosology will develop in a woman with a family medical history. Various environmental factors and poor lifestyle indirectly create conditions for the formation of the disease.

Symptoms

The disease does not have a characteristic clinical picture. A woman may have no complaints or have an atypical clinical picture of the disease.



Endometrioid cyst

1. Menstrual irregularities:

• Irregularity.
• Change in the duration of menstruation (less than 3 days or more than 7 days).
• Severe pain syndrome.
• Copious bleeding.

2. Pain syndrome:

• In a stomach.
• In the lower back.
• During or after sexual intercourse.
• During and after physical activity.
• In the groin area.
• When urinating, defecating when the corresponding organs are involved in the pathological process.

3. Possible presence of nonspecific symptoms:

• Dizziness.
• Weakness.
• Fever.
• Nausea, vomiting.

Rupture of the “chocolate” cyst leads to the development of an acute abdomen and peritonitis.

"Chocolate cyst"

The most common reason for patients to visit a gynecologist is the inability to get pregnant on their own. The cyst affects various aspects of the functioning of the reproductive system. The most dangerous complication of an endometrioid cyst is the formation of a malignant tumor.

Timely correction of ovarian endometriosis is an effective way to combat female infertility.

Diagnostics

An ovarian cyst can be detected during a routine examination. A patient comes to see a doctor with an uncharacteristic clinical picture. The severity of symptoms is not related to the severity of the pathological process and may be determined by the individual characteristics of the body.

Basic principles of diagnosis:

• Analysis of clinical symptoms.
• Ultrasound and X-ray examinations.
• Research during surgery.
• Histological examination of surgical material.

To diagnose ovarian cavity formation of endometrioid origin, it is necessary to prescribe a blood test for the presence of the CA-125 antigen.

Based on the results of all diagnostic methods, a highly qualified specialist can make a conclusion about the presence of an endometrioid ovarian cyst. Without a histological report, the diagnosis cannot be considered reliable.

Treatment

The gold standard for treatment of endometrioid ovarian cysts is a rational combination of surgical treatment with hormonal therapy. When performing surgical intervention, the principle of maximum preservation of the organ is adhered to. For women of reproductive age, the least traumatic operations are performed to ensure the preservation of the possibility of becoming pregnant.

For postmenopausal women at a late stage of the disease, the preferred method is removal of the uterus and appendages. The laparoscopy method is used for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This results in faster recovery and rehabilitation. Treatment can be carried out without surgery. Depending on the stage of development of the disease, conservative treatment is used. Drug therapy is carried out by influencing hormonal balance.

During pregnancy, hormonal changes occur in a woman's body. The activity of progesterone suppresses the production of estrogen. Against the background of a relative decrease in estrogen, the development of ovarian cavity formation decreases and completely disappears in the later stages of pregnancy. In this regard, pregnancy promotes recovery and prevents recurrence of endometrioid cysts.

The content of the article

Chocolate cyst usually small in size, often bilateral, contains a thick dark brown liquid and, as a rule, is accompanied by massive inflammatory adhesions to neighboring organs. The cyst is a consequence of implantation into the ovary of the endometrium, carried through the fallopian tubes from the uterine cavity. The endometrium develops on the surface of the ovaries and goes through all phases of the menstrual cycle until the release of menstrual blood. As a result, aseptic inflammatory adhesions with the surrounding peritoneum and organs (uterus, fallopian tubes, sigmoid and rectum, bladder) are formed around the ovary.
Currently, most authors consider chocolate cyst as ovarian endometriosis.

Chocolate cyst clinic

Clinically, a chocolate cyst is accompanied by pain. Pain is usually associated with the menstrual cycle, increasing on the eve of menstruation, increasing to its maximum during menstruation, subsiding or disappearing after menstruation. Along with this, chocolate cysts are characterized by menstrual irregularities such as algodismenorrhea. When the capsule of a chocolate cyst ruptures, a picture of an acute abdomen develops, requiring surgical intervention. With targeted puncture of the cyst through the posterior vaginal fornix, chocolate-colored contents (old organized menstrual blood) can be obtained.

Diagnosis of chocolate cyst

It is especially difficult to diagnose a chocolate cyst that is covered with dense adhesions and fixed by them to the uterus (usually to the back and side wall), as a result of which it is often confused with uterine fibroids or a malignant tumor (cancer) of the ovary.

Treatment of chocolate cyst

Treatment is surgical or conservative. Surgical treatment consists of removing the affected ovary (at a young age, the unaffected part of the ovary is left), conservative treatment consists of long-term (1 year or more) administration of combined hormonal drugs - infecundin or bisecurin. Cases of complete resorption of chocolate ovarian cysts with hormonal treatment have been described.

Under the name endometriotic (chocolate) ovarian cyst lies a completely unpleasant ailment, because a chocolate cyst is a cavity in the thickness of the ovary or under its outer membranes, filled with thick dark brown contents.

From the surrounding tissues, the neoplasm is limited to capsules with walls of varying thickness, and its diameter usually does not exceed 12 cm.

Article outline

Causes of endometriotic cysts

As a rule, women and girls of reproductive age, that is, from 12 to 50 years, learn from their own experience what an endometriotic (chocolate) ovarian cyst is. It can occur in one or both organs at once.

There are many theories trying to explain the reasons for the formation of such cysts, but none of them have yet been supported by hard evidence.

According to one of them, endometriotic cysts form against the background of retrograde menstruation. This term refers to the reflux of menstrual blood and dead cells of the mucous membrane lining the inside of the uterus (endometrium) into the ovaries. In addition, endometrial particles can enter the ovaries during a number of procedures:

• operations on the internal genital organs;
• gynecological cleansing (scraping), carried out for one reason or another;
• abortion;
• “cauterization” of cervical erosion.

According to other researchers, an endometriotic cyst is a consequence of weakened immunity, a hereditary predisposition to its formation and the presence of endocrine diseases.

Moreover, the connection between changes in hormonal levels, characteristic of endocrine pathologies, and the formation of a cyst has been confirmed by research.

Therefore, such neoplasms often arise against the background of:

• excessive production of estrogen and prolactin;
• progesterone deficiency;
• disorders of the thyroid gland and adrenal cortex;
• obesity;
• endometriosis;
• using the IUD beyond the prescribed period.

In addition, the presence of inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs, in particular endometritis, oophoritis, etc., contributes to the development of the disease. Severe stress is also a factor that provokes the occurrence of neoplasms.

Stages of development of a chocolate cyst

There are 4 stages in the development of an endometrioid cyst:

1. The formation of pinpoint foci of endometriosis in the ovaries.
2. The formation of a cyst at the site of a particular lesion, the occurrence of single adhesions in the fallopian tubes and ovary, as well as new endometrioid lesions.
3. Increase in the size of the tumor and the number of adhesions.
4. Significant enlargement of the cyst, as a result of which it affects the functioning of surrounding organs.

Symptoms of endometriotic ovarian cyst

In each woman, the symptoms of a chocolate (endometriotic) ovarian cyst manifest themselves in their own way, which depends on the degree of neglect of the process, the presence of other diseases and the psychological well-being of the patient.

Quite often, the pathology does not manifest itself for a long time and is discovered only after a thorough examination of a woman who has sought help from a gynecologist due to problems with conception. After all one of the main manifestations of an endometrioid cyst is infertility.

If the formation has managed to grow, the woman may be bothered by:

1. acute pain not only in the lower abdomen, but also in the lower back, which usually intensifies with the onset of menstruation and sexual intercourse;
2. the presence of spotting both before and after the end of the critical days;
3. prolongation of the menstrual cycle by 1–7 days;
4. more intense menstruation than usual;
5. weakness, dizziness, attacks of nausea, fever and other signs of intoxication.

If an endometriotic ovarian cyst is not detected in time, it can cause degeneration of eggs and scars, which will certainly affect the functioning of the affected organ and, at a minimum, lead to persistent infertility, which is quite difficult to eliminate.

If you continue to ignore the disease, the pelvic organs can grow together with strands of connective tissue called adhesions. This will entail not only the woman’s loss of reproductive function, but also the occurrence of problems with the intestines and urinary organs, which can only be solved surgically.

Every woman can avoid such troubles. To do this, it is enough to undergo a routine gynecological examination every year, because in some cases the doctor can diagnose the presence of a cyst by palpation, palpating the internal organs through the abdominal wall.

To confirm and clarify the diagnosis, ultrasound or MRI are usually prescribed and only in controversial cases (examination of the uterus and surrounding organs using endoscopic equipment inserted into the abdominal cavity through pinhole punctures). If the latter method is chosen, the tumor can be immediately removed.

Treatment of endometriotic (chocolate) cyst

Depending on the size of the detected neoplasm, the nature of the existing symptoms, the age of the patient and the presence of a desire to become pregnant, treatment tactics for endometriotic ovarian cysts are developed.

Sometimes only drug therapy is prescribed, which consists of taking:

• anti-inflammatory drugs;
• painkillers;
• hormonal drugs;
• vitamin complexes;
• sedatives;
• immunomodulators;
• enzymes.

In other cases, surgical removal of the tumor is performed. Typically this is carried out by laparoscopy, since this operation does not cause much harm to the body, due to which it has a short rehabilitation period.

Typically, patients are discharged from the hospital 3–4 days after removal of the endometriotic ovarian cyst. In addition, after laparoscopy, there are no large, disfiguring scars left on the woman’s body.

The only traces of the operation are barely noticeable pinpoint scars, which over the years become almost indistinguishable from normal skin.

Typically, surgical removal of an endometrioid ovarian cyst is indicated when drug therapy is unsuccessful, the presence of large formations with a diameter of more than 5 cm and confirmation of the risk of their malignancy.

As a rule, during the operation, either only the cyst or a section of the ovary along with the tumor is removed. It is very rare that doctors have to remove an organ completely. This is mainly required only when.

If it is not possible to perform laparoscopic removal of the cyst for one reason or another, the operation is performed by laparotomy. This method involves making a wide incision on the anterior abdominal wall, which can result in a longer recovery and the formation of a long, noticeable scar.

Regardless of the choice of treatment method, women must be examined for the presence of endocrine diseases, and if they are identified, undergo a course of appropriate treatment. Otherwise, a relapse of the disease is possible.

Everything you need to know about endometriotic ovarian cyst and its treatment

Endometriotic cyst and pregnancy, dangers and complications

Since the appearance of such neoplasms often occurs against the background of endometriosis, existing changes in the uterus and fallopian tubes can lead to the onset of an ectopic pregnancy, which, if diagnosed untimely, can cause the death of a woman.

If the abnormalities characteristic of endometriosis are present only in the body of the uterus, then after fertilization the egg cannot attach to the endometrium, resulting in rejection of the embryo and pregnancy does not occur. This is one of the reasons that a married couple is deprived of the opportunity to have a child.

In addition, strong fusion of the walls of the fallopian tubes with each other or of the uterus with other organs by adhesions contributes to the development of infertility. This process occurs gradually, so a chocolate ovarian cyst can be diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy.

But in this case, to preserve it, it is necessary to carry out hormonal therapy throughout the entire process of gestation and in the postpartum period.

Nevertheless, pregnancy is a woman’s real chance to get rid of the pathology, since there are often cases of spontaneous resorption of cysts before childbirth.

But infertility and problems with the intestines or bladder are not the worst consequences of the formation of an endometriotic ovarian cyst. After all, when performing heavy physical work or even during sexual intercourse, the cyst capsule can rupture and its contents leak into the abdominal cavity.

This is fraught with the development of a life-threatening condition - peritonitis. With it, the internal linings of the abdominal cavity become inflamed, which is accompanied by severe pain in the abdomen.

You should know:

• – is it possible;
• What are there;
• during illness.

In such cases, only emergency surgery performed as soon as possible can save a woman’s life.

Endometriotic ovarian cyst is a very dangerous disease. Self-medication is unacceptable, as it can lead to infertility or even death. Any medication or other therapeutic measures must be agreed with your doctor.

How is surgery performed to treat chocolate ovarian cyst?