Possessive pronouns in German. Declension of pronouns Table of German possessive pronouns

Possessive pronouns in German indicate the ownership of an object and answer the question wessen? (whose? whose? whose? whose?). Each personal pronoun in German has its own possessive pronoun:

• ich - mein (I am mine);
• du - dein (you are yours);
• er - sein (he - his);
• sie - ihr (she - her);
• es - sein (it is his);
• wir - unser (we - our);
• ihr - euer (you - yours);
• sie - ihr (they - theirs);
• Sie - Ihr (You are Yours).

Just like a personal pronoun, a possessive pronoun has three singular and plural persons and a form of polite address. Moreover, the 3rd person singular has three genders.

Possessive pronouns in German

Declension of possessive pronouns in German

Possessive pronouns in German are used mainly as a definition. They agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they define.

Possessive pronouns are inflected in the singular as the indefinite article, and in the plural as the definite article.

Declension of the possessive pronoun mein

All other possessive pronouns (dein, sein, ihr, etc.) are declined according to the type of possessive pronoun mein. The pronoun euer in the genitive, dative and accusative case loses -e:

Genitiv - eures, Dativ - eurem, Akkusativ - euren.

Possessive pronouns in German can also be used to replace a noun in order to avoid repeating the same word:

Possessive pronouns, used to replace nouns, are inflected like adjectives with a definite article.

It is necessary to pay attention to the correct choice of the possessive pronoun when translating the Russian pronoun “your” into German. In German there is no possessive pronoun that would correspond to the Russian pronoun “svoy” for all persons. The choice of a possessive pronoun in a German sentence in this case depends on the person, number and gender of the subject, and in case the possessive pronoun agrees with the noun being defined.

When considering the declension of pronouns (places) in the German language, it is necessary to understand that different classes of pronouns are declined differently, so we will consider them in groups.

In German, there are reciprocal, possessive, demonstrative, interrogative and relative, indefinite pronouns.

Declension of personal places.

To personal places. (Personalpronomen) refer to places. ich, du, er, sie, es, wir, ihr, sie. Personal pronouns have the same cases as nouns and answer the same questions.

Returnable seats. sich used in sentences when the subject and object of the action are the same person. For example, I’m combing my hair = I’m combing myself – Ich käme mich. Returnable seats. sich is used only in the Dative and Accusative cases. And for places. ich, du, wir, ihr the usual case forms of personal places are used as reflexives, and for er, sie, es, sie the form sich is used. Which case of the pronoun should be used depends on the verb and on the question to the object that can be posed: Ich wasche mich (Wen wasche ich? – Akkusativ). Ich wasche mir die Hände (Wem wasche ich die Hände? – Dativ).

However, as we see, differences in the Accusative and Dative cases exist only in the first and second persons singular, that is, in the pronouns ich and du.

Class reciprocal pronouns in German it is represented by only one word - einander. This pronoun is not declined, i.e. all cases coincide with the nominative case form.

Declension of possessives.

Possessive places. express the belonging of an object to a person. This class of pronouns includes mein, dein, sein, ihr, unser, euer, ihr. Since this object can be masculine, feminine or neuter, or there can be several of them, then possessive places. also have gender and number: mein Freund, meine Karte, mein Auto, meine Verwandten, etc. They decline like adjectives.

In a similar way inclination and index places. dieser (diese, dieses, diese), jener (jene, jenes, jene), solcher (solche, solches, solche), der, die, das, die(not to be confused with articles), selbst, derjenige (diejenige, dasjenige, diejenige), derselbe (dieselbe, dasselbe, dieselbe). They also change by gender, number and case.

Declension of index places. der, die, das, die.

The use of the plural form of the Genitive case, i.e. deren/derer, depends on the position of the word to which the demonstrative place refers: if the defined noun precedes the demonstrative pronoun, then the form deren is used, but if the defined noun comes after the place., then derer is used:

Mein Freund und deren Eltern kommen nächste Woche nach Berlin.

Die Zahl derer, wer unter Mangel an Trinkwasser leidet, wird immer mehr steigen.

Declension of pronouns dieser, jener.

Particular attention should be paid to the declination of places. derselbe and derjenige, since the first part of them is declined as an article, and the second as an adjective.

When declining seats. Solcher needs to be very careful. This place. usually used with the indefinite article ein. If it comes before an article, it is not inflected:

Ich träume von solch einem Auto.

Mein Bruder hat solch ein Handy.

If it comes after the article, it is conjugated as an adjective in a similar position:

Ich träume von einem solchen Auto.

Mein Bruder hat ein solches Haus.

Location selbst, selber do not bow at all.

To relative places. relate der (die, das, die), welcher (welche, welches, welche). It is necessary to distinguish between indicative places. der (die, das, die) from similar relatives. Indicative places. emphatically point to some object, usually stand before a noun, but are relative places. describe some object, usually come after nouns and form subordinate clauses. But they decline in the same way, with the exception of the plural form of the Genitive case.

When studying the shapes of places. welcher pay special attention to the Genitive case.

A very large group is indefinite places: man, jemand, irgendwer, irgendjemand, niemand, etwas, nichts, alles, einer (eines, eins, eine), keiner (keine, keins, keine), aller (alle, alles, alle), jeder (jede , jedes, jede), mancher (manche, manches, manche), mehrere.

Location man, jemand, irgendwer, irgendjemand, niemand are used only in relation to animate objects.

Location etwas, nichts, alles are used only in relation to inanimate subjects. They don't bow down. Sometimes in the meaning of unspecified places. seats can be used. welch-, but only in the Nominative and Accusative cases and only in colloquial speech.

Pronouns einer (eines, eins, eine), keiner (keine, keins, keine), aller (alle, alles, alle), jeder (jede, jedes, jede), mancher (manche, manches, manche), mehrere can refer to both animate and inanimate nouns.

The pronoun mehrere exists only in the plural.

When considering the declension of pronouns in German, it is worth mentioning interrogative places, but there is no need to go deeper here. There are only a few of them: wer, was, wem, wen, was für einen(eine, ein), wessen. They are used only in these forms indicated by us, which, in fact, are already case forms, and therefore are not declined. Location welchen (welche, welches, welche), used as an interrogative, is declined in the same way as the relative (see above).

dein - yours

sein - him

ihr - her

unser - ours

euer - yours

ihr - theirs

Ihr - Yours

• The possessive pronoun is used as a modifier of a noun and agrees with it in gender, number and case (my father, my work, their books).
• If there is a possessive pronoun, then we no longer use the article.

meine Mutter - my mother

unser Auto – our car

dein Buch – your book

There is no pronoun “your” in German. How then should we express it? How can we say: I see my dad???

So, in the German language it is important not only to decline the possessive pronoun by case, but also to coordinate it with the word that denotes the owner. Not very clear, right? Now I’ll show you with examples:

Let's say we want to say:

• I take my book.

So in a German sentence we say: I take my book. Since each personal pronoun has its own possessive pronoun.

Ich nehme mein Buch. I take my book (my book).

Du nimmst dein Buch. You take your book (your book).

Er nimmt sein Buch. He takes his book (his book).

Sie nimmt ihr Buch. She takes her book (her book).

Wir nehmen unsere Bücher. We take our books (our books).

Ihr nehmt eure Bücher. You take your books (your books).

Sie nehmen ihre Bücher. They take their books (their books).

• ich - mein - I am mine
• du - dein - you - yours
• er - sein - he - his
• sie - ihr - she - her
• wir - unser - we - our
• ihr - euer - you - yours
• sie - ihr - they - theirs
• Sie - Ihr - You - Your

As we said earlier, possessive pronouns are declined according to case. Below is a table of the declension of possessive pronouns.

Declension of possessive pronouns:

⠀*they go through a slash masculine / feminine / neuter gender / plural

MEIN - MY

Nominative: mein/mein e / mein / mein e

Genitive: mein es,-s / mein er / mein e s,-s / mein er

Dativ: mein em / mein er / mein em / mein en,-n

Akkusativ: mein en / mein e / mein mein e

DEIN IS YOURS

Nominative: dein/dein e / dein / dein e

Genitive: dein es,-s / dein er / dein e s,-s / dein er

Dativ: dein em / dein er / dein em / dein en,-n

Akkusativ: dein en / dein e / dein / dein e

SEIN - HIS

Nominative: sein/sein e / sein / sein e

Genitive: sein es,-s / sein er / sein e s,-s / sein er

Dativ: sein em / sein er / sein em / sein en,-n

Akkusativ: sein en / sein e / sein / sein e

Nominative: ihr/ihr e / ihr/ihr e

Genitive: ihr es,-s / ihrer / ihr e s,-s / ihrer

Dativ: ihr em / ihrer / ihr em / ihr en,-n

Akkusativ: ihr en / ihr e / ihr / ihr e

UNSER - OUR

Nominative: unser/unser e / unser / unser e

Genitive: unser es,-s / unser er / unser e s,-s / unser er

Dativ: unser em / unser er / unser em / unser en,-n

Akkusativ: unser en / unser e / unser / unser e

EUER IS YOURS

Nominative: euer/eur e / euer/eur e

Genitive: eur es,-s / eur er / eur e s,-s / eur er

Dativ: eur em / eur er / eur em / eur en,-n

Akkusativ: eur en / eur e / EUER / eur e

Nominative: ihr/ihr e / ihr/ihr e

Genitive: ihr es,-s / ihrer / ihr e s,-s / ihrer

Dativ: ihr em / ihrer / ihr em / ihr en,-n

Akkusativ: ihr en / ihr e / ihr / ihr e

IHR - YOUR (polite)

Nominative: Ihr/Ihr e / Ihr/Ihr e

Genitive: Ihr es,-s / Ihrer / Ihr e s,-s / Ihrer

Dativ: Ihr em / Ihrer / Ihr em / Ihr en,-n

Akkusativ: Ihr en / Ihr e / Ihr / Ihr e

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In the German (German) language, as in our native Russian, there are different categories of pronouns (places). One of them is possessive (possessive) places. (Possessivpronomen). Attractive. places in him. in the vast majority of cases, they stand before the corresponding nouns and act as definitions for them. Just like adjectives, they agree with nouns in grammatical forms such as number, case and gender.

Attractive. pronouns in it. language are: mein Heft - my notebook (Neutrum (Neut.)), mein Computer - my computer (Maskulinum (Mask.)), meine Bürste - my brush (Femininum (Fem.)); dein Fenster - your window (Neut.), dein Raum - your room (Maskulinum), deine Tasche - your bag (Fem.); sein Linieal - his ruler (Neut.), sein Hund - his dog (Mask.), seine Suppe - his soup (Fem.); ihr Motto - her (their) motto (Neut.), ihr Bericht - her (their) message (Maskulinum), ihre Liebe - her (their) love (Femininum); unser Konto - our account (Neu.), unser Begleiter - our accompanying (Mask.), unsere Treue - our loyalty (Femininum); euer Werk - your factory (Neut.), euer Saal - your hall (Mask.), eure Bühne - your stage (Fem.); Ihr Auto – Your car (Neut.), Ihr Kollege – Your colleague (Mask.), Ihre Waschmaschine – Your washing machine (Fem.).

Singular is magnetic. places change by case as indefinite articles, and in Plural - as definite. Case agreement of possessives. with nouns it looks like this:

declination

*At the locations. euer in Plural the vowel “e” is dropped - eure.

Attractive. places in the German language as a whole, in terms of their use, they are quite comparable with Russians, however, in German there is no such concept as “one’s own”, applicable to all persons. In German every place. specifically for each individual person, but translated into Russian in the usual version:

• Ich habe meine Hefte gesammelt. – I collected my (in German version – my) notebooks.
• Er hat deine Haustiere nicht gefüttert. “He didn’t feed your pets.”
• Wir haben unsere Tickets verkauft. – We sold our (in German, our) tickets.
• Sie haben ihre Jacken abgegeben. - They handed over their (in German version - their) jackets.
• Ihr unterbreitet eure Angebote. – You present your (in German version – your) proposals.

Choosing places. (possessive) for the third person Singular, you must carefully monitor the gender of the noun: the neuter and masculine genders correspond to places. sein, and for women – ihr, for example:

• die Schultasche des Kindes = seine Schultasche – child’s briefcase = his briefcase (neuter gender);
• das Eis meines Neffen = sein Eis – my nephew’s ice cream = his ice cream (male);
• die Wahl meiner Braut = ihre Wahl – my bride’s choice = her choice.

Meaning pronouns in German very large. Often they can replace a noun, adjective, numeral, article. In a sentence, a pronoun can act as the subject. Using pronouns, interrogative or impersonal sentences and negations are made. This topic is quite extensive and requires in-depth study. Master pronouns in German The table will help.

Personal pronouns in German

Personalpronomen

_________
* Sie - polite form of you

Declension of personal pronouns

For example:

Ich warte auf dich. I'm waiting for you.
Ich (I) - nominative case.
Dich (you) is the accusative case of the pronoun du (you).

Ihm gefällt Deutschland.He likes Germany.
Ihm (to him) is the dative case of the pronoun er (he).

Possessive pronouns

Possessive pronoun in German- this is nothing more than the genitive case (Genetiv) of personal pronouns. It is formed as follows:

For example:

Ich liebe deine Schwester. I love your sister.
Ich is a personal pronoun.
Deine is a possessive pronoun.

Indefinite pronouns in German

Indefinite pronouns include pronouns such as: jemand, etwas, einer, mancher, alles, irgendein and others. This group can also include the indefinite personal pronoun man. In a sentence, they act as the subject or object (all except man, which is only the subject).

For example:

Alles ist in Ordnung. Everything is fine.
Sie muss etwasändern. She must change something.
Man kann dieses Fahrrad reparieren. This bike can be fixed.

Relative pronouns in German

Performing the function of a connective word, relative pronouns are used in complex sentences.

Das ist die Frau, deren Auto vor dem Haus steht. This is the woman whose car is parked in front of the house. This is a woman whose car is parked in front of the house.

Relative pronouns include: wer, was, welcher, der. The pronouns der, das, die are formed as follows:

Demonstrative pronouns in German

In a German sentence, demonstrative pronouns most often act as a determiner, however, in some cases they can take on the role of subject or object. The majority of demonstrative pronouns are inflected in the same way as the definite article.

Demonstrative pronouns in German include:
Dieser(this), der(That), jener(That), solcher(such), derselbe(the same), selbst(himself), etc.

For example:

Dieses Buch mast mir spaß. This book gives me pleasure.
Dieses (this) - demonstrative pronoun, s.r., im.p.
Mir (to me) - personal pronoun, date pad. from ich.

The topic “Pronouns in German” is very extensive. In this article we looked at only some of the most basic types of pronouns and ways of their declension.