Mayakovsky's birthday in a new style. Mayakovsky V.V. The main dates of life and creativity. Lilya Brik in the life of a poet

Brief information about the life and work of V. V. Mayakovsky

Vladimir Mayakovsky is one of the most prominent poets of the early 20th century. The meaning and essence of an entire era - the Russian revolution of the 20th century - is associated with his name and work. His talent manifested itself both in poetry, written only in his own poetic style, and in dramatic works. He accompanied his literary creations with his own illustrations, so it can be said without exaggeration that Vladimir Mayakovsky also had artistic talent. A lot is known about this great poet of the Silver Age, but at the same time, almost nothing can be said clearly about him. He was and will remain a mystery even to the most sincere admirers of his work. As for his biography, there are practically no “blank spots” in it, but his spiritual world, which influenced creativity and the vicissitudes of fate, is still a mystery.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was born on July 7, 1893 in the Kutaisi province, in the small Georgian village of Baghdadi. Both parents were direct descendants of the Zaporozhye Cossacks. The father of the great poet - Vladimir Konstantinovich - was a hereditary nobleman, and worked as a forester. Mother, Pavlenko A.A., was engaged in raising children, in addition to Vladimir, there were two more children in the family.

The events of childhood and adolescence largely determined his future life path. In the period from 1902 to 1906, the future poet studied at the Kutaisi gymnasium, where he probably managed to get acquainted with the liberal democratic intelligentsia. In 1905, he even took part in a major demonstration of Russian and Georgian youth. His father actually died from a needle stick, resulting in blood poisoning. Due to the death of his father, Mayakovsky developed a phobia of catching some kind of illness, so he always had a soap dish with him and constantly washed his hands.

After the unexpected death of his father, the family moved to Moscow in 1906. In the capital, he entered the fifth classical gymnasium. In the fourth grade, his classmate was Shura Pasternak, the brother of the great Russian writer and poet. The financial condition was rather difficult, so in 1908 Vladimir Mayakovsky was expelled from the Moscow gymnasium, because his mother did not have the means to pay for further education. Nevertheless, thanks to his talent for fine arts, he was accepted to study at the Stroganov School. But even here the study of the future poet did not go smoothly because of his political views.

In his youth, he was arrested three times. In 1908, Mayakovsky was imprisoned because of his political convictions. The arrest of the poet was caused by revolutionary agitation, which he carried out among the representatives of the working class and in connection with the suspicion of the activities of an underground printing house. Released as a minor under the supervision of parents. The second arrest was due to suspicions of collaboration with anarchists. The third arrest was participation in the organization of the escape of female political convicts from prison. Then he spent 11 months in prisons, including the famous Butyrka. He was then released for lack of evidence.

After the next conclusion, which took place in Butyrskaya prison, ended, Mayakovsky stopped taking an active part in the work of the party.

He began to write his first poems in his youth, while in prison, they were then selected by prison officers. But according to the poet himself, the poems turned out to be bad. "Night" is the first published lyrical work of the young poet. It was written under the influence of the futuristic ideas of the Hylaea poetic circle, which included Vladimir Mayakovsky.

With Lilya Brik

In 1915, the author of the famous poem "A Cloud in Pants" met a married couple - Lilya and Osip Maksimovich Brik. This meeting turned out to be fatal in the fate of the poet. An inexplicable passion for Leela made him ignore all the conventions of society and settle in their apartment. Lilya Brik became his muse, his lover, his icon. Mayakovsky confessed his love to her, presenting a ring with engraved initials - "LOVE", which also meant the word - I love. She treated him ambiguously: on the one hand, she accepted his courtship, strove to be his muse, and on the other, she scoffed. She said more than once that there was no difference between Vladimir and a cabman. They both manage something. Only one is a horse, and the other is a word. Mayakovsky and Lilya Brik, whose relationship was complicated to the limit, in fact, were an excellent tandem of the creator and the muse. The Swedish family of Briks with Mayakovsky created favorable conditions not only for communication with Lilya.

With the Brick family

Osip Brik personally took part in the life of the poet. He corrected the punctuation and spelling of the poems of the brilliant creator. Such a strange relationship connected these three people. The secret of the relationship between Mayakovsky and Brikov tried in 1927 to reveal the film "Love in Three" directed by Abram Roma and screenwriter Viktor Shklovsky.

Mayakovsky never married. He had peculiar relationships with his beloved women, not typical of the morality of that time. Mayakovsky's personal life was stormy, but everything, in the end, came down to one thing, or rather, to one thing - Lilya Brik. Of course, the attraction to her was unnatural, and even somehow painful. And Mayakovsky understood this. He was looking for ways to break off these relationships: he started romances on the side. From the connection of the poet with the Russian emigrant Elizabeth Siebert, even a daughter was born - Patricia Thompson.

Tatyana Yakovleva

Mayakovsky often toured abroad. Once in Paris, the poet fell passionately in love with the Russian emigrant Tatyana Yakovleva, who, unfortunately for the lover, did not reciprocate. Therefore, Tatyana Yakovleva is another unhappy love in the poet's life. But she played an important role in Mayakovsky's life. Although the fact that the poet and Yakovlev had a romantic relationship has not been proven, he still dedicated more than one poem to her. After all, the character did not allow Mayakovsky to give up even when there was no hope. Just before leaving for his homeland, the poet gave the received fee for public performances in Paris to one flower company with the only condition - Mademoiselle Yakovleva was to receive a beautiful bouquet once a week with a note “From Mayakovsky”. The company fulfilled all the agreements, and Tatyana received flowers for many years, and even after the tragic death of the poet. And during the Nazi occupation, these bouquets saved her from starvation: she sold them on the street.

Elizabeth Lavinskaya

Vladimir Mayakovsky was the biological father of the monumental sculptor Gleb-Nikita Lavinsky. The poet became closely acquainted with his mother, married Elizaveta Lavinskaya, in 1920, when they worked together at the Windows of satire ROSTA, and a year later a son was born in the Lavlinsky family. The paternity of the poet was revealed in the documentary television project "The Third Extra", shown on Channel One in 2013.

With Veronika Polonskaya

The last beloved woman of the poet was Veronika Polonskaya, an actress of the Moscow Academic Theatre. However, the poet did not dedicate his last poem to her, and she was not his main heir. Lilya Brik continued to play the main role even after the death of the poet.

Mayakovsky took his own life on April 14, 1930 with a pistol shot. Veronika Polonskaya witnessed his tragic death. Two days before the tragic incident, he left a suicide note in which he asked no one to blame for his death.

Mayakovsky, as a versatile talented person, was able to realize himself in various types of art in his short life. This is clearly evidenced by his creative legacy. The versatility of this creative personality is also evidenced by his directorial and acting work. In the dramatic genre, Mayakovsky's archive contains five plays, four of which were staged at the Meyerhold Theater.

Interesting facts from the life of Mayakovsky

1 .Mayakovsky had a controversial character. In his youth, while in prison, he became withdrawn. In addition, he was very sensitive and therefore prone to extremes in thought and action.

2. The extremes in behavior are clearly evidenced by the story told by the famous artist Repin. He liked the curly brown hair of the poet, and he offered to paint his portrait. Soon Mayakovsky came to pose for the artist, shaving his head bald.

3 .The poet was very kind and generous to the elderly. He often himself found the needy old people, gave them money and at the same time never gave his name.

4 .Mayakovsky was very fond of dogs, which speaks of his kind character. In many photographs, he is captured with his beloved dogs and looks happy from communicating with them.

5. Vladimir Mayakovsky was an avid gambler. Gambling, especially billiards and cards, was his irresistible passion. There is even a version that his suicide is connected with the loss of Russian roulette. However, the exact causes and circumstances of the death of the famous poet still remain unexplored.

The son of the poet Gleb-Nikita Lavinsky

6. Mayakovsky worked diligently to find the most suitable, ideal rhyme that would fit into the poems in all respects. He could walk 15-20 km until he found exactly what he needed.

7. "Poetic Ladder" is the hallmark of the great Russian poet, which many admired. On the part of the writer, this was a clear trick, since at that time poets were paid for the number of lines in the written poems, and the "ladder" led to the fact that he received 2-3 times more than his colleagues in the shop.

8. The first filming in the movie was the film Chained by Film, where he starred with Lilia Brik. This film was not preserved, only photographs and posters depicting the main character remained.

9. The picture “The Young Lady and the Hooligan” has survived to this day, the screenwriter and main character of which was Mayakovsky himself.

Mayakovsky's daughter Patricia Thompson

10. The poet's daughter Patricia Thompson was born in America in 1925, lived in Upper Manhattan and taught at New York University. Outwardly, she was very similar to her father. The secret of her birth was told to her by her mother when the girl was 9 years old. The poet's daughter died on April 1, 2016.

photo from internet

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky Born on July 7 (19), 1893 in Baghdati, Kutaisi province - died on April 14, 1930 in Moscow. Russian and Soviet poet, playwright, screenwriter, film director, actor, artist. One of the most prominent poets of the 20th century.

Vladimir Mayakovsky was born on July 7 (19 according to the new style) July 1893 in Bagdati, Kutaisi province (Georgia).

Father - Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky (1857-1906), served as a forester of the third category in the Erivan province, from 1889 in the Bagdat forestry. The father died of blood poisoning after he pricked his finger with a needle while sewing papers - since then, Vladimir Mayakovsky had a phobia of pins, needles, hairpins, etc., fearing infection, bacteriophobia haunted him all his life.

Mother - Alexandra Alekseevna Pavlenko (1867-1954), from the Kuban Cossacks, was born in the village of Ternovskaya in the Kuban.

In the poem "Vladikavkaz - Tiflis" Mayakovsky calls himself a "Georgian".

One of his grandmothers, Efrosinya Osipovna Danilevskaya, is a cousin of the author of historical novels G. P. Danilevsky.

He had two sisters: Lyudmila (1884-1972) and Olga (1890-1949).

He had two brothers: Konstantin (died at the age of three from scarlet fever) and Alexander (died in infancy).

In 1902, Mayakovsky entered the gymnasium in Kutaisi. Like his parents, he was fluent in Georgian.

In his youth, he participated in revolutionary demonstrations, read propaganda pamphlets.

After the death of his father in 1906, Mayakovsky, together with his mother and sisters, moved to Moscow, where he entered the IV grade of the 5th classical gymnasium (now Moscow school No. 91 on Povarskaya Street, the building has not been preserved), studied in the same class with his brother - Shura.

The family lived in poverty. In March 1908, he was expelled from the 5th grade due to non-payment of tuition.

Mayakovsky published the first "half-poem" in the illegal magazine Impulse, which was published by the Third Gymnasium. According to him, "it turned out incredibly revolutionary and equally ugly."

In Moscow, Mayakovsky met revolutionary-minded students, began to get involved in Marxist literature, and in 1908 joined the RSDLP. He was a propagandist in the commercial and industrial sub-district, in 1908-1909 he was arrested three times (in the case of an underground printing house, on suspicion of being connected with a group of anarchist expropriators, on suspicion of complicity in the escape of female political convicts from Novinsky prison).

In the first case, he was released with transfer under the supervision of his parents by a court verdict as a minor who acted "without understanding", in the second and third cases he was released due to lack of evidence.

In prison, Mayakovsky "scandalized", so he was often transferred from unit to unit: Basmannaya, Meshchanskaya, Myasnitskaya and, finally, Butyrskaya prison, where he spent 11 months in solitary confinement No. 103. In prison in 1909, Mayakovsky again began to write poetry, but was dissatisfied with what was written.

From prison after the third arrest, he was released in January 1910. After his release, he left the party. In 1918 he wrote in his autobiography: “Why not in the party? The communists worked at the fronts. In art and education so far there are compromisers. I was sent to fish in Astrakhan.

In 1911, the poet's friend, the bohemian artist Eugenia Lang, inspired the poet to paint.

Mayakovsky studied in the preparatory class of the Stroganov School, in the studios of the artists S. Yu. Zhukovsky and P. I. Kelin. In 1911 he entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture - the only place where he was accepted without a certificate of reliability. Having met David Burliuk, the founder of the futuristic group "Gilea", he entered the poetic circle and joined the Cubo-Futurists. The first published poem was called "Night" (1912), it was included in the futuristic collection "Slap in the Face of Public Taste".

On November 30, 1912, Mayakovsky's first public performance took place in the artistic cellar "Stray Dog".

In 1913, the first collection of Mayakovsky's "I" was published (a cycle of four poems). It was written by hand, supplied with drawings by Vasily Chekrygin and Lev Zhegin, and lithographically reproduced in the amount of 300 copies. As the first section, this collection was included in the poet's book of poems "Simple as a lowing" (1916). Also, his poems appeared on the pages of the futurist almanacs "Mare's Milk", "Dead Moon", "Roaring Parnassus", etc., began to be published in periodicals.

In the same year, the poet turned to dramaturgy. The programmatic tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" was written and staged. The scenery for it was written by artists from the "Union of Youth" P. N. Filonov and I. S. Shkolnik, and the author himself acted as a director and performer of the main role.

In February 1914, Mayakovsky and Burliuk were expelled from the school for public speaking.

In 1914-1915, Mayakovsky worked on the poem "A Cloud in Trousers". After the outbreak of the First World War, the poem "War is declared" was published. In August, Mayakovsky decided to sign up as a volunteer, but he was not allowed, explaining this by political unreliability. Soon, Mayakovsky expressed his attitude to the service in the tsarist army in the poem “To you!”, Which later became a song.

On March 29, 1914, Mayakovsky, together with Burliuk and Kamensky, arrived on tour in Baku - as part of the "famous Moscow futurists." In the evening of the same day, Mayakovsky read a report on futurism in the theater of the Mayilov brothers, illustrating it with poems.

In July 1915, the poet met Lilya Yurievna and Osip Maksimovich Brik. In 1915-1917, Mayakovsky, under patronage, served in the military in Petrograd at the Automobile Training School.

The soldiers were not allowed to print, but he was saved by Osip Brik, who bought the poems “Flute-Spine” and “Cloud in Pants” at 50 kopecks per line and printed it. His anti-war lyrics: “Mother and the evening killed by the Germans”, “Me and Napoleon”, the poem “War and Peace” (1915). Appeal to satire. Cycle "Hymns" for the magazine "New Satyricon" (1915). In 1916, the first large collection "Simple as a lowing" was published. 1917 - “Revolution. Poetic Chronicle".

On March 3, 1917, Mayakovsky led a detachment of 7 soldiers who arrested the commander of the Automobile Training School, General P. I. Secretev. It is curious that shortly before this, on January 31, Mayakovsky received a silver medal "For Diligence" from Secretev's hands. During the summer of 1917, Mayakovsky energetically petitioned for the recognition of him unfit for military service and was released from it in the fall.

In August 1917, he decided to write The Mystery Buff, which was completed on October 25, 1918 and staged on the anniversary of the revolution (dir. Vs. Meyerhold, art director K. Malevich).

In 1918, Mayakovsky starred in three films based on his own scripts.

Vladimir Mayakovsky in the film "The Young Lady and the Hooligan"

In March 1919, he moved to Moscow, began to actively cooperate in ROSTA (1919-1921), designed (as a poet and as an artist) propaganda and satirical posters for ROSTA (“ROSTA Windows”).

In 1919, the first collected works of the poet were published - “Everything composed by Vladimir Mayakovsky. 1909-1919".

In 1918-1919 he appeared in the newspaper Art of the Commune. Propaganda of the world revolution and the revolution of the spirit.

In 1920 he finished writing the poem "150,000,000", which reflects the theme of the world revolution.

In 1918, Mayakovsky organized the Komfut group (communist futurism), in 1922 - the MAF publishing house (Moscow Association of Futurists), which published several of his books.

In 1923 he organized the LEF group (Left Front of the Arts), the thick magazine LEF (seven issues were published in 1923-1925). Aseev, Pasternak, Osip Brik, B. Arvatov, N. Chuzhak, Tretyakov, Levidov, Shklovsky and others were actively published. He promoted Lef's theories of production art, social order, literature of fact.

At this time, the poems “About This” (1923), “To the Kursk Workers Who Mined the First Ore, a Temporary Monument by Vladimir Mayakovsky” (1923) and “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin” (1924) were published. When the author read a poem about at the Bolshoi Theater, accompanied by a 20-minute ovation, he was present. Mayakovsky mentioned the “leader of the peoples” himself in verse only twice.

Mayakovsky considers the years of the civil war to be the best time in his life; in the poem “Good!”, Written in the prosperous 1927, there are nostalgic chapters.

In 1922-1923, in a number of works, he continued to insist on the need for a world revolution and a revolution of the spirit - “The Fourth International”, “The Fifth International”, “My Speech at the Genoa Conference”, etc.

In 1922-1924, Mayakovsky made several trips abroad - Latvia, France, Germany; wrote essays and poems about European impressions: “How does a democratic republic work?” (1922); "Paris (Conversations with the Eiffel Tower)" (1923) and a number of others.

In 1925, his longest journey took place: a trip to America. Mayakovsky visited Havana, Mexico City, and for three months performed in various US cities with poetry readings and reports. Later, poems were written (the collection "Spain. - Ocean. - Havana. - Mexico. - America") and the essay "My Discovery of America".

In 1925-1928 he traveled extensively throughout the Soviet Union, speaking to various audiences. During these years, the poet published such works as "To Comrade Netta, the Steamboat and the Man" (1926); "Across the cities of the Union" (1927); "The story of the foundryman Ivan Kozyrev ..." (1928).

From February 17 to February 24, 1926, Mayakovsky visited Baku, performed at the opera and drama theaters, in front of oil workers in Balakhani.

In 1922-1926, he actively collaborated with Izvestia, in 1926-1929 - with Komsomolskaya Pravda.

He was published in the magazines: "New World", "Young Guard", "Spark", "Crocodile", "Krasnaya Niva", etc. He worked in agitation and advertising, for which he was criticized by Pasternak, Kataev, Svetlov.

In 1926-1927 he wrote nine screenplays.

In 1927, he restored the LEF magazine under the name "New LEF". There were 24 issues in total. In the summer of 1928, Mayakovsky became disillusioned with the LEF and left the organization and the magazine. In the same year, he began writing his personal biography, "I myself." From October 8 to December 8 - a trip abroad, on the route Berlin - Paris. In November, volumes I and II of the collected works were published.

The satirical plays The Bedbug (1928) and The Bathhouse (1929) were staged by Meyerhold. The poet's satire, especially "Bath", caused persecution from Rapp's criticism. In 1929, the poet organized the REF group, but already in February 1930 he left it, joining the RAPP.

In 1928-1929 Mayakovsky took an active part in the anti-religious campaign. It was then that the NEP was curtailed, the collectivization of agriculture began, and materials of demonstration trials of "pests" appeared in the newspapers.

In 1929, the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee “On Religious Associations” was issued, which worsened the situation of believers. In the same year, Art. 4 of the Constitution of the RSFSR: instead of "freedom of religious and anti-religious propaganda" in the republic, "freedom of religious confession and anti-religious propaganda" was recognized.

As a result, a need arose in the state for anti-religious works of art that corresponded to ideological changes. A number of leading Soviet poets, writers, journalists and filmmakers responded to this need. Among them was Mayakovsky. In 1929, he wrote the poem "We Must Fight", in which he denounced believers and called for rebellion.

In the same 1929, together with Maxim Gorky and Demyan Bedny, he took part in the II Congress of the Union of Militant Atheists. In his speech at the congress, Mayakovsky called on writers and poets to take part in the fight against religion: “We can already unmistakably discern a fascist Mauser behind the Catholic cassock. We can already unmistakably distinguish the cut of a fist behind the priest's cassock, but thousands of other intricacies through art entangle us with the same accursed mysticism. ... If it is still possible in one way or another to understand the brainless from the flock, who have been driving into themselves a religious feeling for whole dozens of years, the so-called believers, then we must qualify a religious writer who works consciously and still works religiously, we must qualify either as a charlatan, or like a fool. Comrades, their pre-revolutionary meetings and congresses usually ended with the call "to God" - today the congress will end with the words "to God." This is the slogan of today's writer,” he said.

Features of the style and creativity of Vladimir Mayakovsky

Many researchers of Mayakovsky's creative development liken his poetic life to a five-act action with a prologue and an epilogue.

The role of a kind of prologue in the creative path of the poet was played by the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" (1913), the first act was the poem "A Cloud in Pants" (1914-1915) and "Flute-Spine" (1915), the second act - the poem "(1915-1916) and" Man "(1916-1917), the third act is the play" Mystery Buff "(first version - 1918, second - 1920-1921) and the poem" 150,000,000 "(1919-1920), the fourth act - the poems "I Love" (1922), "About this" (1923) and "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (1924), the fifth act - the poem "Good!" (1927) and the plays "The Bedbug" (1928-1929) and "Bath" (1929-1930), the epilogue is the first and second introductions to the poem "Out loud" (1928-1930) and the poet's dying letter "To All" (12 April 1930).

The rest of Mayakovsky's works, including numerous poems, tend to one or another part of this general picture, which is based on the poet's major works.

In his works, Mayakovsky was uncompromising, and therefore uncomfortable. In the works written by him in the late 1920s, tragic motifs began to appear. Critics called him only a “fellow traveler”, and not a “proletarian writer”, as he wanted to see himself.

In 1930, he organized an exhibition dedicated to the 20th anniversary of his work, but he was interfered in every possible way, and none of the writers and leaders of the state visited the exposition itself.

In the spring of 1930, the Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard was preparing a grandiose performance of "Moscow is on fire" based on Mayakovsky's play, the dress rehearsal was scheduled for April 21, but the poet did not live to see it.

Mayakovsky’s early work was expressive and metaphorical (“I’m going to sob that policemen were crucified at the crossroads”, “Could you?”), combined the energy of a rally and demonstration with the most lyrical intimacy (“The violin was writhing begging”), Nietzsche’s theomachism and carefully disguised in the soul a religious feeling ("I, who sing of the machine and England / Maybe just / In the most ordinary gospel / The thirteenth apostle").

According to the poet, it all started with the line "He launched a pineapple into the sky." David Burliuk introduced the young poet to the poetry of Rimbaud, Baudelaire, Verlaine, Verharne, but Whitman's free verse had a decisive influence.

Mayakovsky did not recognize traditional poetic meters, he invented rhythm for his poems; polymetric compositions are united by style and a single syntactic intonation, which is set by the graphic presentation of the verse: first, by dividing the verse into several lines written in a column, and since 1923, the famous "ladder", which became Mayakovsky's "calling card". The short flight of stairs helped Mayakovsky to make his poems read with the correct intonation, since sometimes commas were not enough.

After 1917, Mayakovsky began to write a lot, in five pre-revolutionary years he wrote one volume of poetry and prose, in twelve post-revolutionary years - eleven volumes. For example, in 1928 he wrote 125 poems and a play. He spent a lot of time traveling around the Union and abroad. On trips, sometimes he held 2-3 speeches a day (not counting participation in disputes, meetings, conferences, etc.).

However, later, disturbing and restless thoughts began to appear in Mayakovsky’s works, he exposes the vices and shortcomings of the new system (from the poem “The Sitting Ones”, 1922, to the play “The Bathhouse”, 1929).

It is believed that in the mid-1920s he began to become disillusioned with the socialist system, his so-called trips abroad are perceived as attempts to escape from himself, in the poem "Out loud" there is a line "rummaging through today's petrified shit" (in the censored version - "shit"). Although poems imbued with official cheerfulness, including those dedicated to collectivization, he continued to create until his last days.

Another feature of the poet is the combination of pathos and lyricism with the most poisonous Shchedrin satire.

Mayakovsky had a great influence on the poetry of the 20th century. Especially on Kirsanov, Voznesensky, Yevtushenko, Rozhdestvensky, Kedrov, and also made a significant contribution to children's poetry.

Mayakovsky turned to his descendants, into the distant future, confident that he would be remembered hundreds of years later:

my verse

labor

will break through the mass of years

and will appear

weighty,

rough,

visibly

like nowadays

plumbing came in

worked out

still slaves of Rome.

Vladimir Mayakovsky. Documentary

Suicide of Vladimir Mayakovsky

1930 began unsuccessfully for Mayakovsky. He was sick a lot. In February, Lilya and Osip Brik left for Europe.

Mayakovsky was worked hard in the newspapers as a "fellow traveler of the Soviet government" - while he himself saw himself as a proletarian writer.

There was an embarrassment with his long-awaited exhibition "20 Years of Work", which was not visited by any of the prominent writers and leaders of the state, which the poet hoped for. In March, the premiere of the play "Banya" was held without success, and the performance "Bedbug" was also expected to fail.

At the beginning of April 1930, a greeting "to the great proletarian poet on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of work and social activity" was withdrawn from the layout magazine "Print and Revolution". In literary circles, rumors circulated that Mayakovsky had written himself. The poet was denied a visa for a trip abroad.

Two days before his suicide, on April 12, Mayakovsky had a meeting with readers at the Polytechnic Institute, which gathered mainly Komsomol members, and there were many boorish shouts from the field. The poet was haunted everywhere by quarrels and scandals. His mental state became more and more disturbing and depressing.

Since the spring of 1919, Mayakovsky, despite the fact that he constantly lived with the Briks, had a small boat room for work on the fourth floor in a communal apartment on Lubyanka (now it is the State Museum of V.V. Mayakovsky, Lubyansky proezd, 3/6 page 4). It was in this room that the suicide took place.

On the morning of April 14, Mayakovsky had an appointment with Veronika (Nora) Polonskaya. The poet met with Polonskaya for the second year, insisted on her divorce, and even signed up for a writers' cooperative in the passage of the Art Theater, where he was going to move to live with Nora.

As 82-year-old Polonskaya recalled in 1990 in an interview with Soviet Screen magazine (No. 13 - 1990), on that fateful morning, the poet called for her at eight o'clock, because at 10.30 she had a rehearsal with Nemirovich in the theater -Danchenko.

“I couldn’t be late, this angered Vladimir Vladimirovich. He locked the doors, hid the key in his pocket, began to demand that I not go to the theater, and generally left there. He cried ... I asked if he would take me. “No "- he said, but promised to call. And he also asked if I had money for a taxi. I had no money, he gave twenty rubles ... I managed to reach the front door and heard a shot. I rushed about, I was afraid to return. Then she came in and saw the smoke from the shot that had not yet dissipated. There was a small bloody stain on Mayakovsky's chest. I rushed to him, I repeated: "What have you done? .." He tried to raise his head. Then his head fell, and he began to turn terribly pale ... People appeared, someone said to me: “Run, meet the ambulance ... I ran out, met. I returned, and on the stairs someone said to me: “It's too late. He died ... ", - recalled Veronika Polonskaya.

The suicide note, prepared two days earlier, is very detailed (which, according to the researchers, excludes the version of the spontaneity of the shot), begins with the words: “Do not blame anyone for the fact that I am dying, and please do not gossip, the deceased did not like this terribly ...".

The poet calls Lilya Brik (as well as Veronika Polonskaya), mother and sisters as members of his family and asks to transfer all the poems and archives to the Briks.

Letter from Vladimir Mayakovsky:

"Everyone

Don't blame anyone for dying, and please don't gossip. The dead man disliked this terribly.

Mom, sisters and comrades, I'm sorry - this is not the way (I do not advise others), but I have no way out.

Lily - love me.

Comrade government, my family is Lilya Brik, mother, sisters and Veronika Vitoldovna Polonskaya.

If you give them a decent life, thank you.

Give the started poems to the Briks, they will figure it out.

As they say -

"incident over"

love boat

crashed into life.

I'm in with life

and no list

mutual pain,

and resentment.

Happy to stay.

12/IV -30

Comrades Wappovtsy, do not consider me cowardly.

Seriously, there's nothing you can do.

Hello.

Tell Yermilov that it's a pity - he took off the slogan, we should have a fight.

In the table I have 2000 rubles. - pay tax. Get the rest from Giza.

Briki managed to arrive at the funeral, urgently interrupting the European tour. Polonskaya, on the contrary, did not dare to attend, since Mayakovsky's mother and sisters considered her to be the culprit of the death of the poet.

For three days, with an endless stream of people, the farewell went on in the House of Writers. Tens of thousands of fans of his talent were escorted to the Donskoy cemetery in an iron coffin to the singing of the Internationale. Ironically, the “futuristic” iron coffin for Mayakovsky was made by the avant-garde sculptor Anton Lavinsky, the husband of the artist Lily Lavinskaya, who gave birth to a son from a relationship with Mayakovsky.

The poet was cremated in the first Moscow crematorium, opened three years earlier, near the Donskoy Monastery. The brain was harvested for research by the Brain Institute. Initially, the ashes were located there, in the columbarium of the New Donskoy cemetery, but as a result of the persistent actions of Lilia Brik and the elder sister of the poet Lyudmila, the urn with the ashes of Mayakovsky was transferred on May 22, 1952 and buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Mayakovsky. Last love, last shot

Height of Vladimir Mayakovsky: 189 centimeters.

Personal life of Vladimir Mayakovsky:

Was not married. Two children from extramarital relations.

The poet had many different novels, a number of which went down in history.

He was in a relationship with Elsa Triolet, thanks to whom appeared in his life.

- "The muse of the Russian avant-garde", the hostess of one of the most famous literary and art salons in the 20th century. The author of memoirs, the addressee of the works of Vladimir Mayakovsky, who played an important role in the life of the poet. Sister of Elsa Triolet. She was married to Osip Brik, Vitaly Primakov, Vasily Katanyan.

For a long period of Mayakovsky's creative life, Lilya Brik was his muse. They met in July 1915 at her parents' dacha in Malakhovka near Moscow. At the end of July, Lily's sister Elsa Triole brought Mayakovsky, who had recently arrived from Finland, to Brikov's Petrograd apartment on ul. Zhukovsky, 7.

Briks, people far from literature, were engaged in entrepreneurship, having inherited from their parents a small but profitable coral business. Mayakovsky read at their house the yet unpublished poem "A Cloud in Pants" and, after an enthusiastic reception, dedicated it to the mistress - "To You, Lilya." The poet later called this day "the most joyful date."

Osip Brik - Lily's husband - in September 1915 published a poem in a small edition. Carried away by Lily, the poet settled in the Palais Royal Hotel on Pushkinskaya Street in Petrograd, never returning to Finland.

In November, the futurist moved even closer to Brikov's apartment - to Nadezhdinskaya Street, 52. Soon Mayakovsky introduced new friends to friends, futurist poets - D. Burliuk, V. Kamensky, B. Pasternak, V. Khlebnikov and others. Brikov's apartment on the street . Zhukovsky becomes a bohemian salon, which was attended not only by futurists, but also by M. Kuzmin, M. Gorky, V. Shklovsky, R. Yakobson, as well as other writers, philologists and artists.

Soon, a stormy romance broke out between Mayakovsky and Lilya Brik, with the obvious connivance of Osip. This novel was reflected in the poems Flute-Spine (1915) and Man (1916) and in the poems To Everything (1916), Lilichka! Instead of a letter" (1916). After that, Mayakovsky began to devote all his works (except for the poem "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin") to Lila Brik.

In 1918, Lilya and Vladimir starred in the film Chained by Film based on Mayakovsky's script. To date, the film has survived in fragments. Photographs and a large poster also survived, where Lily is drawn, entangled in film.

Vladimir Mayakovsky and Lilya Brik in the film Chained by Film

Since the summer of 1918, Mayakovsky and Briki lived together, the three of them, which quite fit into the marriage-love concept popular after the revolution, known as the "Theory of a glass of water." At this time, all three finally switched to the Bolshevik positions. In early March 1919, they moved from Petrograd to Moscow to a communal apartment at 5 Poluektov Lane, and then, from September 1920, they settled in two rooms in a house at the corner of Myasnitskaya Street at 3 Vodopyany Lane. Then all three moved to an apartment in Gendrikov lane on Taganka. Mayakovsky and Lilya worked at the ROSTA Windows, and Osip served for some time in the Cheka and was a member of the Bolshevik Party.

Bibliography of Vladimir Mayakovsky:

Autobiography:

1928 - "I myself"

Poems:

1914-15 - "A Cloud in Trousers"
1915 - "Flute-spine"
1916-17 - "Man"
1921-22 - "I love"
1923 - "About it"
1924 - "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
1925 - "Flying Proletarian"
1927 - "Good!"

Poems:

1912 - "Night"
1912 - "Morning"
1912 - "Port"
1913 - "From street to street"
1913 - "Could you?"
1913 - "Signs"
1913 - "I": On the pavement; A few words about my wife; A few words about my mother; A few words about myself
1913 - "From fatigue"
1913 - "Adish of the city"
1913 - "Nate!"
1913 - "They don't understand anything"
1914 - Veil Jacket
1914 - "Listen"
1914 - "And yet"
1914 - "War is declared." July 20
1914 - "Mom and the Evening Killed by the Germans"
1914 - "Violin and a little nervous"
1915 - "Me and Napoleon"
1915 - "To you"
1915 - "Hymn to the Judge"
1915 - "Hymn to the scientist"
1915 - "Naval love"
1915 - "Hymn to Health"
1915 - "Hymn to Criticism"
1915 - "Hymn to Dinner"
1915 - "That's how I became a dog"
1915 - "Magnificent absurdities"
1915 - "Hymn to Bribe"
1915 - "Attentive attitude towards bribe-takers"
1915 - "Monstrous Funeral"
1916 - "Hey!"
1916 - "Giveaway"
1916 - "Tired"
1916 - Needles
1916 - "The Last Petersburg Fairy Tale"
1916 - "Russia"
1916 - Lilichka!
1916 - "To everything"
1916 - “The author dedicates these lines to himself, beloved”
1917 - "Brothers Writers"
1917 - "Revolution". April 19
1917 - "The Tale of Little Red Riding Hood"
1917 - "To the answer"
1917 - "Our March"
1918 - "Good attitude towards horses"
1918 - "Ode to the Revolution"
1918 - "Order on the army of art"
1918 - "Poet worker"
1918 - "To the Other Side"
1918 - "Left March"
1919 - "Stunning Facts"
1919 - "We are going"
1919 - "Soviet alphabet"
1919 - “Worker! Throw out non-party stupidity ... ". October
1919 - "Song of the Ryazan peasant". October
1920 - "The weapons of the Entente - money ...". July
1920 - "If you live in disarray, as the Makhnovists want ...". July
1920 - "A story about bagels and a woman who does not recognize the republic." August
1920 - "Red hedgehog"
1920 - "Attitude towards the young lady"
1920 - "Vladimir Ilyich"
1920 - "An extraordinary adventure that happened with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha"
1920 - "The story of how the godfather about Wrangel was interpreted without any mind"
1920 - "Geyne"
1920 - “The cigarette case went into the grass by a third ...”
1920 - "The last page of the civil war"
1920 - "About rubbish"
1921 - "Two not quite ordinary cases"
1921 - "A poem about Myasnitskaya, about a woman and about the all-Russian scale"
1921 - "Order No. 2 of the Army of the Arts"
1922 - "Passed"
1922 - "Bastards!"
1922 - "Bureocracy"
1922 - "My speech at the Genoa Conference"
1922 - "Germany"
1923 - "About poets"
1923 - "On the" fiascos "," apogees "and other unknown things"
1923 - "Paris"
1923 - "Newspaper Day"
1923 - "We don't believe!"
1923 - "Trusts"
1923 - "April 17"
1923 - "Spring Question"
1923 - "Universal Answer"
1923 - "Thieves"
1923 - "Baku"
1923 - "Young Guard"
1923 - "Norderney"
1923 - "Moscow-Königsberg". 6 September
1923 - "Kyiv"
1924 - "January 9th"
1924 - "Be ready!"
1924 - "Bourgeois - say goodbye to pleasant days - we will finally finish off with hard money"
1924 - "Vladikavkaz - Tiflis"
1924 - "Two Berlins"
1924 - "Diplomatic"
1924 - "The rumble of uprisings, multiplied by the echo"
1924 - "Hello!"
1924 - "Kyiv"
1924 - Komsomolskaya
1924 - “A Little Difference” (“In Europe ...”)
1924 - "To the rescue"
1924 - "Every little thing is accounted for"
1924 - Let's Laugh!
1924 - "Proletarian, nip the war in the bud!"
1924 - "I protest!"
1924 - "Get your hands off China!"
1924 - "Sevastopol - Yalta"
1924 - "Selcor"
1924 - "Tamara and the Demon"
1924 - "Hard money - solid ground for the bond between the peasant and the worker"
1924 - "Wow, and fun!"
1924 - "Hooliganism"
1924 - "Jubilee"
1925 - "That's what a plane is for a peasant"
1925 - "Drag out the future!"
1925 - "Give the motor!"
1925 - "Two May"
1925 - "Red Envy"
1925 - "May"
1925 - "A little utopia about how the metro will go"
1925 - “Oh. D.V.F.”
1925 - "Rabkor" ("The Keys of Happiness" will write ... ")
1925 - “Rabkor (“Breaking through the illiteracy of the mountains with his forehead ...”)
1925 - "Third Front"
1925 - "Flag"
1925 - "Yalta - Novorossiysk"
1926 - "To Sergei Yesenin"
1926 - "Marxism is a weapon ..." April 19
1926 - "Four-story hack"
1926 - "Conversation with the financial inspector about poetry"
1926 - "Advanced Advanced"
1926 - "Bribery"
1926 - "On the agenda"
1926 - "Protection"
1926 - "Love"
1926 - "Message to the proletarian poets"
1926 - "The factory of bureaucrats"
1926 - "To Comrade Netta" July 15
1926 - "Terrible familiarity"
1926 - "Office habits"
1926 - "Hooligan"
1926 - "Conversation on the Odessa raid of landing craft"
1926 - "Letter from the writer Mayakovsky to the writer Gorky"
1926 - "Debt to Ukraine"
1926 - "October"
1927 - "Stabilization of life"
1927 - "Paper Horrors"
1927 - "To our youth"
1927 - "Across the cities of the union"
1927 - "My speech at a show trial on the occasion of a possible scandal with Professor Shengeli's lectures"
1927 - "What did you fight for?"
1927 - "Give a graceful life"
1927 - "Instead of an ode"
1927 - "Best Verse"
1927 - "Lenin is with us!"
1927 - "Spring"
1927 - "Cautious March"
1927 - "Venus de Milo and Vyacheslav Polonsky"
1927 - "Mr. "People's Artist""
1927 - "Well, well!"
1927 - "A General Guide for Beginning Toadies"
1927 - "Crimea"
1927 - "Comrade Ivanov"
1927 - "Let's see for ourselves, show them"
1927 - "Ivan Ivan Gonorarchikov"
1927 - "Miracles"
1927 - "Marusya was poisoned"
1927 - "A letter to his beloved Molchanov, abandoned by him"
1927 - "It is not clear to the masses"
1928 - "Without a rudder and without a spinner"
1928 - "Ekaterinburg-Sverdlovsk"
1928 - "The story of the caster Ivan Kozyrev about moving into a new painting"
1928 - "Emperor"
1928 - "Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva"
1929 - "Conversation with Comrade Lenin"
1929 - "Perekop enthusiasm"
1929 - "Gloomy about humorists"
1929 - Harvest March
1929 - "The Soul of Society"
1929 - "Party Candidate"
1929 - "Stick in self-criticism"
1929 - "Everything is calm in the west"
1929 - "Parisian"
1929 - "Beauties"
1929 - "Poems about the Soviet passport"
1929 - "Americans are surprised"
1929 - "An example not worthy of imitation"
1929 - "Bird of God"
1929 - "Poems about Thomas"
1929 - "I'm happy"
1929 - "Khrenov's story about Kuznetskstroy and the people of Kuznetsk"
1929 - Minority Report
1929 - "Give the material base"
1929 - "Lovers of difficulty"
1930 - “Already the second. You must have gone to bed..."
1930 - "March of shock brigades"
1930 - "Leninists"

1893 , July 7 (19) - was born in the village of Baghdadi, near Kutaisi (now the village of Mayakovsky in Georgia), in the family of forester Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky. He lived in Baghdadi until 1902.

1902 - enters the Kutaisi gymnasium.

1905 - gets acquainted with underground revolutionary literature, takes part in demonstrations, rallies, and a gymnasium strike.

1906 - the death of his father, the family moved to Moscow. In August, he enters the fourth grade of the Fifth Moscow Gymnasium.

1907 - gets acquainted with Marxist literature, participates in the social democratic circle of the Third Gymnasium. First verses.

1908 - joins the RSDLP (Bolsheviks). Works as a propagandist. Leaves high school in March. Arrested during a search in the underground printing house of the Moscow Committee of the RSDLP (Bolsheviks).

1909 - the second and third (in the case of organizing the escape of thirteen political convicts from the Moscow Novinsky prison) arrests of Mayakovsky.

1910 , January - released from custody as a minor and placed under police supervision.

1911 - Admitted to the figure class of the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.

1912 - D. Burliuk introduces Mayakovsky to the futurists. In the fall, Mayakovsky's first poem "Crimson and White" is published.
December. Release of the collection of futurists "A Slap in the Face of Public Taste" with Mayakovsky's first printed poems "Night" and "Morning".

1913 - the release of the first collection of poems - "I!"
Spring - acquaintance with N. Aseev. Staging of the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" in the theater "Luna-Park" in St. Petersburg.

1914 - Mayakovsky's trip to the cities of Russia with lectures and poetry reading (Simferopol, Sevastopol, Kerch, Odessa, Chisinau, Nikolaev, Kyiv). Expelled from the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in connection with public performances.
March-April - the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" was published.

1915 - moves to Petrograd, which became his permanent place of residence until the beginning of 1919. Reading the poem "To you!" (which caused outrage among the bourgeois public) in the artistic cellar "Stray Dog".
February - the beginning of cooperation in the journal "New Satyricon". On February 26, the poem "Hymn to the Judge" was published (under the title "Judge").
The second half of February - the almanac "Sagittarius" (No. 1) is published with excerpts from the prologue and the fourth part of the poem "A Cloud in Pants".

1916 - completed the poem "War and Peace"; the third part of the poem was accepted by the Gorky magazine Chronicle, but banned from publication by military censors.
February - the poem "Flute-spine" was published as a separate edition.

1917 - completed the poem "Man". The poem "War and Peace" was published as a separate edition.

1918 - came out as a separate edition of the poem "Man" and "Cloud in Pants" (second, uncensored edition). Premiere of the play "Mystery-Buff".

1919 - in the newspaper "Art of the Commune" printed "Left March". The collection "All Composed by Vladimir Mayakovsky" was released. The beginning of Mayakovsky's work as an artist and poet at the Russian Telegraph Agency (ROSTA). Works without interruption until February 1922.

1920 - completed the poem "150,000,000". Speech at the First All-Russian Congress of ROSTA workers.
June-August - lives in a dacha near Moscow (Pushkino). The poem "An Extraordinary Adventure" was written ... ".

1922 - The poem "I Love" was written. In "Izvestiya" the poem "Prosessed" is published. The collection "Mayakovsky mocks" was released. Trip to Berlin and Paris.

1923 - finished the poem "About it". No. 1 of the magazine "Lef" was published under the editorship of Mayakovsky; with his articles and the poem "About it".

1925 trip to Berlin and Paris. Trip to Cuba and America. Gives lectures and poetry readings in New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Chicago. In New York, the Spartak magazine (No. 1) dedicated to Mayakovsky was published.

1926 - the poem "To Comrade Netta - the steamer and the man" was written.

1927 - the release of the first issue of the magazine "New Lef" edited by Mayakovsky, with his leading article.

1929 - premiere of the play "The Bedbug".
February-April - trip abroad: Berlin, Prague, Paris, Nice.
Premiere of the play "The Bedbug" in Leningrad at the branch of the Bolshoi Drama Theater in the presence of Mayakovsky.

1930 , February 1 - Mayakovsky's exhibition "20 Years of Work" opened at the Moscow Writers' Club. Reads the introduction to the poem "Out loud".
April 14 - committed suicide in Moscow.

Vladimir Mayakovsky is the flame of the 20th century. His poetry is inseparable from his life. However, behind the peppy Soviet slogans of Mayakovsky the revolutionary, one can discern another Mayakovsky - a romantic knight, a theurgist, a crazy genius in love.

Below is a brief biography of Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky.

Introduction

In 1893, the future great futurist Vladimir Mayakovsky was born in the village of Baghdati in Georgia. They said about him: a genius. They shouted about him: a charlatan. But no one could deny that he had an incredible influence on Russian poetry. He created a new style that was inseparable from the spirit of the Soviet era, from the hopes of that era, from people living, loving and suffering in the USSR.

This was a man of contradiction. They will say about him:

This is a complete mockery of beauty, tenderness and God.

They will say about him:

Mayakovsky has always been and remains the best and most talented poet of our Soviet era.

By the way, this beautiful photo is a fake. Mayakovsky, unfortunately, never met Frida Kahlo, but the idea of ​​their meeting is wonderful - they are both like rebellion and fire.

One thing is for sure: a genius or a charlatan - Mayakovsky will forever remain in the hearts of Russian people. Some like him for the briskness and impudence of his lines, others for the tenderness and desperate love that hides in the depths of his style. His broken, torn from the shackles of writing, crazy style, which is so similar to real life.

Life is a struggle

Mayakovsky's life was a struggle from beginning to end: in politics, in art and in love. His first poem is the result of a struggle, a consequence of suffering: it was written in prison (1909), where he ended up for his social democratic convictions. He began his creative career, admiring the ideals of the revolution, and ended it, mortally disillusioned with everything: everything in it is an interweaving of contradictions, a struggle.

He passed like a red thread through history and art and left his mark on subsequent works. It is impossible to write a modernist poem without referring to Mayakovsky.

The poet Vladimir Mayakovsky is, in his own words:

But there is something else behind this rough, warlike façade.

short biography

When he was only 15 years old, he joined the RSDLP (b), enthusiastically engaged in propaganda.

From 1911 he studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.

Major poems (1915): "A Cloud in Trousers", "Flute-Spine" and "War and Peace". These works are full of delight before the coming, and then the ensuing revolution. The poet is full of optimism.

1918-1919 - revolution, he is actively involved. Issues posters "Windows of satire ROSTA".

In 1923 he became the founder of the creative association LEF (Left Front of the Arts).

Mayakovsky's later works Bedbug (1928) and Bathhouse (1929) are a sharp satire on Soviet reality. Mayakovsky is disappointed. Perhaps this was one of the reasons for his tragic suicide.

In 1930, Mayakovsky committed suicide: he shot himself, leaving a suicide note in which he asked not to blame anyone. He is buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Art

Irina Odoevtseva wrote about Mayakovsky:

Huge, with a round, short-cropped head, he looked more like a strong hooker than a poet. He read poetry in a completely different way than was customary with us. More like an actor, although - which the actors never did - not only observing, but also emphasizing the rhythm. His voice—the voice of a meeting tribune—at one time thundered so that the glass rang, then cooed like a pigeon and murmured like a forest stream. Stretching out his huge hands in a theatrical gesture towards the stunned listeners, he passionately offered them:

Do you want me to be mad from meat

And like the sky, changing in tones,

Do you want me to become unspeakably gentle, -

Not a man, but a cloud in his pants? ..

Mayakovsky's character is visible in these lines: he is first of all a citizen, not a poet. First of all, he is a tribune, an activist of rallies. He is an actor. His early poetry is, accordingly, not a description, but a call to action, not a statement, but a performative. Not so much art as real life. This applies, at least, to his public poems. They are expressive and metaphorical. Mayakovsky himself admitted that he was impressed by the poems of Andrei Bely "He launched a pineapple into the sky":

low bass.

launched a pineapple.

And, having described the arc,

illuminating the neighborhood

the pineapple fell

beaming into the unknown.

But there is also a second Mayakovsky, who wrote without being impressed by either Bely or the revolution - he wrote from the inside, desperately in love, unhappy, tired - not the warrior Mayakovsky, but the gentle knight Mayakovsky, an admirer of Lilichka Brik. And the poetry of this second Mayakovsky is strikingly different from the first. Poems by Vladimir Mayakovsky are full of piercing desperate tenderness, not healthy optimism. They are sharp and sad, in contrast to the positive cheerfulness of his Soviet poetic appeals.

Mayakovsky the warrior proclaimed:

Read! Envy! I am a citizen! Soviet Union!

Mayakovsky the knight clanged his shackles and sword, vaguely reminiscent of the theurgist Blok, drowning in his purple worlds:

The fence of the mind is broken by confusion,

I am roaring despair, burning feverishly...

How did two such different people get along in one Mayakovsky? It's hard to imagine and impossible not to imagine. Without this internal struggle in him, there would not be such a genius.

Love

These two Mayakovskys got along, probably because they were both driven by passion: one had a passion for Justice, and the other for a femme fatale.

Perhaps it is worth dividing the life of Vladimir Mayakovsky into two main periods: before and after Lilichka Brik. It happened in 1915.

She looked like a monster to me.

So the famous poet Andrei Voznesensky wrote about her.

But Mayakovsky loved this one. With a whip...

He loved her - fatal, strong, "with a whip", and she said about him that when she made love with Osya, she locked Volodya in the kitchen, and he "rushed, wanted to us, scratched at the door and cried ..."

Only such madness, incredible, even perverted suffering could give rise to poetic lines of such power:

Don't do this, dear, good, let's say goodbye now!

So the three of them lived, and eternal suffering spurred the poet on new brilliant lines. In addition, there were other things, of course. There were trips to Europe (1922-24) and America (1925), as a result of which the poet had a daughter, but Lilichka always remained the same, the only one, until April 14, 1930, when, having written "Lily, love me", the poet shot himself, leaving a ring engraved with LOVE - Lilia Yuryevna Brik. If you twirl the ring, it turned out the eternal "I love love love." He shot himself in defiance of his own lines, his eternal declaration of love, which made him immortal:

And I won’t throw myself into the span, and I won’t drink poison, and I won’t be able to pull the trigger over my temple ...

creative legacy

The work of Vladimir Mayakovsky is not limited to his dual poetic heritage. He left behind slogans, posters, plays, performances and film scripts. He actually stood at the origins of advertising - Mayakovsky made it what it is now. Mayakovsky came up with a new meter, the ladder, although some argue that this meter was born out of a desire for money: the editors paid for the poems line by line. One way or another, it was an innovative step in art. Vladimir Mayakovsky was also an actor. He himself directed the film "The Young Lady and the Hooligan" and played a major role there.

However, in recent years he was pursued by failure. His plays Bedbug and Bathhouse failed, and he slowly sank into depression. An adept of cheerfulness, fortitude, struggle, he scandalized, quarreled and indulged in despair. And in early April 1930, the magazine "Press and Revolution" removed the greeting to the "Great Proletarian Poet" from the press, and rumors spread: he wrote himself. This was one of the last blows. Mayakovsky took the failure hard.

Memory

Many streets in Russia, as well as metro stations, are named after Mayakovsky. There are metro stations "Mayakovskaya" in St. Petersburg and in Moscow. In addition, theaters and cinemas are named after him. One of the largest libraries in St. Petersburg also bears his name. Also discovered in 1969, a minor planet was named after him.

The biography of Vladimir Mayakovsky did not end after his death.

He lived only 36 full years. He lived brightly, created quickly and created a completely new direction in Russian, Soviet poetry. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky - poet, playwright, artist and screenwriter. The personality is tragic and extraordinary.

Family

The future poet was born in the family of a nobleman in the village of Baghdadi, Kutaisi province in Georgia on July 19, 1893. Like his father, his mother was from a Cossack family. Vladimir Konstantinovich was a descendant of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, his mother was from the Kuban. He was not the only child in the family. He also had two sisters - Lyudmila and Olga, who outlived her talented brother and two brothers - Konstantin and Alexander. Unfortunately, they died in infancy.

Of the tragic

His father, Vladimir Konstantinovich, who served almost all his life as a forester, died of blood poisoning. While stitching the papers, he pricked his finger with a needle. Since that time, Vladimir Mayakovsky suffered from bacteriophobia. He was afraid of dying like his dad from an injection. In the future, hairpins, needles, pins became dangerous objects for him.

Georgian roots

Volodya was born on Georgian soil and, later, already being a famous poet, Mayakovsky called himself a Georgian in one of his poems. He liked to compare himself with the temperamental people, although he had nothing to do with them by blood. But, apparently, his early years were reflected in his character in the Kutaisi land, among the Georgians. He became as hot, temperamental, restless as his countrymen. He was fluent in Georgian.

Young years

At the age of eight, Mayakovsky entered one of the Kutaisi gymnasiums, but after the death of his father in 1906, he moved to Moscow with his mother and sisters. There Vladimir entered the fourth grade of the 5th classical gymnasium. Due to lack of funds to pay for tuition, after a year and a half he was expelled from the educational institution. During this period, he met the Marxists, was imbued with their ideas and joined the party and was persecuted by the tsarist authorities for his revolutionary views. Eleven months he had to spend in the Butyrka prison, from which he was released for infancy in early 1910.

Creation

The poet himself calculates the beginning of his poetic creativity from the time of imprisonment. It was behind bars that Vladimir wrote his first works. A whole notebook with poems was confiscated by the guards. Mayakovsky was a talented person in many areas. After his release, he became interested in painting and even entered the Stroganov School. There he studied in the preparatory class. In 1911 he entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Three years later, he was expelled from the school for public speaking at gatherings.

In the artistic field, he subsequently received recognition. For work on advertising posters for Dobrolet, the predecessor of Aeroflot, at the Paris exhibition Vladimir Mayakovsky received a silver medal.

Vladimir Mayakovsky wrote several screenplays for films in which he himself starred.

The creator called himself a "working poet." Before him, no one wrote sweepingly with the so-called ladder. It was his signature style. Readers admired this innovation, but "colleagues" could not stand it. There is an opinion that Mayakovsky invented this ladder for the sake of fees. In those days, they paid for every line.

Love

The poet's personal relationships were not easy. His first great love was Lilya Brik. Mayakovsky met her in July of the fifteenth year. Life together began in the eighteenth year. He gave her a ring with the engraving "LOVE", which meant Lily Yuryevna Brik.

His second great love, while traveling in France, Tatyana Yakovleva, a Russian emigrant, the poet ordered a bouquet of flowers to be sent daily. Even after the death of the poet, flowers came to the Russian beauty. During the Second World War, Tatyana only saved herself from starvation by selling the bouquets that came to her.

Mayakovsky had two children. Son Gleb-Nikita born in 1921 from the artist Lily Lavinskaya and daughter Ellen-Patricia born in 1926 from Ellie Jones.

Death

After prolonged attacks in the press that began in 1929, on April 14, 1930, Vladimir Mayakovsky shot himself in his apartment. Thousands of people attended his funeral. Farewell to the poet lasted for three days.

Main milestones of life:

• July 9, 1983 - birth;
• 1908 - entry into the RSDLP, conclusion;
• 1909 - the first poems;
• 1910 - release from prison;
• 1912 - poetic debut;
• 1925 - travel to Germany, Mexico, France, USA;
• 1929 - the beginning of attacks on the poet in the newspapers;
• April 14, 1930 - death.