Sbts of the enterprise of transport of storage of oil products and gas station. A practical guide to using the base price guide for design work for construction. Enterprises of transport, storage of petroleum products and gas stations. Basis definition order


FEDERAL CONSTRUCTION AGENCY
AND HOUSING AND UTILITIES
(ROSSTROY)

BASE PRICE GUIDE
FOR DESIGN WORKS FOR CONSTRUCTION

TRANSPORT COMPANIES,
STORAGE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
AND PETROL STATIONS

MOSCOW 2006

Reference book of basic prices for design work for the construction of "Transport, storage of petroleum products and gas stations" 2006

DEVELOPED BY FSUE “CENTRINVESTproekt” (Puliko V.I., Turenskaya M.A., Lvova N.A.) together with JSC “Institute “Nefteproduktproekt” (Taube O.B., Lopatina O.I.).

REVIEWED by the Department of Construction Programs of the Federal Agency for Construction, Housing and Communal Services (Rosstroy).

INTRODUCED by the Office of Construction Programs of the Federal Agency for Construction, Housing and Communal Services (Rosstroy).

ADOPTED AND PUT INTO EFFECT on January 16, 2006 by the Federal Agency for Construction, Housing and Communal Services (Rosstroy) by letter No. SK-31/02 dated January 12, 2006, in agreement with AK Transnefteprodukt OJSC dated November 29, 2004. No. 12-16/1891.

REPLACEMENT of the Directory of basic prices for design work for the construction of "Transport enterprises, storage of petroleum products and gas stations" ed. 1996, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated March 7, 1996 No. 18-20.

1 GENERAL

1.1 Reference book of basic prices for design works for construction (hereinafter referred to as the "Reference book") is recommended for determining basic prices for the subsequent formation of contractual prices for the development of project documentation for the construction of transport enterprises, storage of petroleum products and gas stations.

1.2 The base prices in the Directory are set depending on the natural indicators of the designed facilities (capacity, length, etc.).

1.3 When using this Handbook, you should take into account the General Guidelines for the use of Handbooks of basic prices for design work for construction ed. 2002 (hereinafter referred to as "General Instructions").

1.4 The level of prices contained in the tables of the Directory is set as of 01/01/2001.

1.5 The prices of the Directory, in addition to the works listed in clause 7 of section 1 of the General Guidelines for the use of Reference books of basic prices for design work for construction, do not take into account:

· crossings over rivers with a length in the channel part of more than 30 m;

· elevated laying of engineering networks;

· arrangement of an annular passage around the railway overpass for loading and unloading oil products;

· berthing facilities and bank protection;

· scattering discharges of sewage;

communication nodes;

· transformer substations with a voltage of 6/10 (10/6) kV, as well as a voltage of 6 - 20 / 0.4 kV with a power of over 2´ 630 kVA;

· distribution and sectioning points with a voltage of 6 - 20 kV;

· linear network automation of power supply systems;

· control rooms and means of technological control of power supply;

· electrical calculations for the choice of reactive power compensation means;

· diesel power plants;

· telemechanization and industrial television;

· land reclamation;

· fish protection measures.

1.6 When developing estimates using the resource method, it is allowed to apply a multiplying factor of up to 1.5 to the cost of developing the "Estimate Documentation" section by agreement with the customer.

The maximum value of the multiplying factor in the preparation of estimate documentation (using software) is applied if there is no centralized data bank on the cost of resources in the region to take into account the additional costs associated with its formation.

1.7 The base price for the development of justifications for investments in the construction of facilities is determined by the prices of the Directory using a reduction factor in accordance with the complexity of the work.

The size of this coefficient to the prices of the Directory, established for the entire range of design work (project + working documentation) is up to 0.2.

2 BASE PRICES FOR PROJECT WORKS

Chapter 1. Transportation of petroleum products

1.1 This chapter provides basic prices for the design of the linear part and structures of the main oil product pipelines.

1.2 The base price for designing the linear part of the main oil product pipelines is determined for designing it in one line, and the branches from the main oil product pipelines - in two lines (the length of the branches is taken along the length of the route).

1.3 Base prices for the design of main oil product pipelines and branches are set for pipelines with a working pressure of up to 100 kgf / cm 2 (9.8 MPa).

1.4. The base prices contained in this chapter do not provide for the pumping of solidifying oil products.

1.5 The base price for the design of main oil product pipelines and branches along the route of the existing pipeline is determined according to the prices of the corresponding table with a coefficient of up to 1.1.

1.6 When designing oil product pipelines for transferring aviation fuels to airports, the following coefficients are applied to the base prices:

1.9. The base prices of the tables do not take into account the design:

· telemechanics devices necessary for the functioning of the process control system;

· central dispatch service.

Table 1 Linear part of the main oil product pipeline

a

in

1 Linear part of the main oil product pipeline with a diameter of up to 500 mm, length, km

from 10 to 200

St. 200 » 800

Notes

1 The base prices of this table provide for the design of only the linear part and do not take into account other structures of the main oil product pipeline, the base price of which is additionally determined according to the relevant tables.

2 In case of simultaneous design of an oil product pipeline in two or more lines along the entire length of the pipeline, the base price for designing the second and subsequent lines is determined additionally according to the prices in the table with a coefficient of 0.4.

3 When designing the second and subsequent lines not along the entire length of the main oil product pipeline (loopings), their base price is additionally determined according to the prices in the table with a coefficient of 0.4 based on the total length of these lines (loopings).

Table 2 Branches from the main oil product pipeline

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the price for the development of project documentation thousand rubles.

Design stages as a percentage of the price

a

in

1 Branch from the main oil product pipeline, length, km

from 0.10 to 60

Notes

1 When designing a one-line branch, a coefficient of 0.7 is applied to the prices in the table.

2 When designing a branch with three or more lines, the base price for designing the third and subsequent lines is determined additionally according to the prices in the table with a coefficient of 0.4 for each additional line over two.

3 For branches from an existing oil product pipeline, a coefficient of 1.1 is applied to the base prices of the table.

4 When designing several branches as part of a main oil product pipeline, the base price of each branch is determined separately.

Table 3 Pumping stations

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the price for the development of project documentation thousand rubles.

Design stages as a percentage of the price

a

in

1 Head pumping station, pumping volume, million tons/year

from 0.1 to 0.5

million tons/year

2 Intermediate pumping station, pumping volume, million tons/year

from 0.1 to 0.5

Notes

1 When designing several pumping stations as part of one main oil product pipeline, the base price of each station is taken separately.

2 When designing pumping stations on existing oil product pipelines, a coefficient of 1.1 is applied to the base prices.

Table 4 Oil products loading point

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the price for the development of project documentation thousand rubles.

Design stages as a percentage of the price

a

in

1 Automotive loading point for petroleum products, loading volume, mln. t/year

from 0.1 to 0.8

million tons/year

2 Railway loading station for oil products, loading volume, mln. t/year

0.1 to 2.0

Note- The base prices of item 2 of the table do not provide for loading oil products into tank trucks.

Table 5 Underpasses of the pipeline through railways and roads

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the price for the development of project documentation thousand rubles.

Design stages as a percentage of the price

a

in

1 Underground passage of the pipeline through railways and roads, length of the protective case (casing), rm. m

Note- If there are several underground passages on the route, the base price of each passage is determined separately.

Chapter 2 Storage of petroleum products

Table 6 Bases of petroleum products

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the price for the development of project documentation thousand rubles.

Design stages as a percentage of the price

a

in

1 Railway base of oil products, capacity, thousand m 3

2 Base of oil products water, capacity, thousand m 3

Note- When designing underground (buried in the ground, or sprinkled with soil) tanks, a coefficient of 1.2 is applied to prices.

Table 7 Reception points for the collection of waste oil products

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the price for the development of project documentation thousand rubles.

Design stages as a percentage of the price

a

in

1 Reception point for the collection of waste oil products, cargo turnover, thousand tons / year

thousand tons/year

Table 8 Petrol stations

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the price for the development of project documentation thousand rubles.

Design stages as a percentage of the price

a

in

Gas stations:

1 General use, throughput, cars/hour

from 100 to 170

cars/hour

2 For maintenance of cars owned by citizens (with a service station and a car wash), throughput, cars/hour

from 100 to 170

3 With connection to an oil product pipeline, throughput, cars/hour

from 135 to 170

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the price for the development of project documentation thousand rubles.

Design stages as a percentage of the price

a

in

1 Waste oil products regeneration point, cargo turnover, thousand tons/year

1.2 to 4.8

thousand tons/year

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the price for the development of project documentation thousand rubles.

Design stages as a percentage of the price

a

in

1 Station for semi-automatic loading of light oil products, number of paired filling devices, pcs.

2 Lightning protection of tank farms with a capacity, thousand m 3

St. 30 to 50

3 Tank farm of light oil products with ground tanks with a capacity, thousand m 3

4 Tank farm for oils and dark oil products with ground tanks with a capacity, thousand m 3

5 On-site technological pipelines of oil depots with the capacity of the tank farm, thousand m 3

6 Railway loading and unloading devices of oil depots and railway loading points (one-sided), length of the loading and unloading front, m

7 Railway loading and unloading devices of tank farms and railway loading points (double-sided), length of the loading and unloading front, m:

from 48 to 180

St. 180 to 360

8 Pump tank farms for pumping oil products, capacity, m 3 / hour

from 600 to 2400

9 Electrochemical protection against corrosion of the linear part of the main oil product pipelines and branches from them, the area of ​​the protected surface, thousand m 2

from 0.5 to 80

10 Electrochemical protection against corrosion of tank farms, pumping stations and other sites, protected surface area, thousand m 2

from 4.8 to 15.6

St. 15.6" 24

11 Blocking pipeline, length, km

Notes

1 When designing a blocking pipeline in two or more lines, the base price for designing the second and subsequent lines is determined additionally at the prices of the table with a coefficient of 0.4 for each additional line over one.

2 For pipelines for oils and dark oil products, a coefficient of 1.2 is applied to the prices in the table.

3 The prices of points 3, 4 of the table do not include the cost of designing reinforced concrete walls of tank farm embankments.

3 TABLES OF RELATIVE COST OF DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECT DOCUMENTATION

(percentage of price)

Relative cost tables are given for the following design stages:

project (P);

· working documentation (P);

· working draft (WP).

MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

(MINSTROY OF RUSSIA)

DIRECTORY OF BASIC PRICES FOR

DESIGN WORKS FOR CONSTRUCTION

TRANSPORT, STORAGE COMPANIES

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND PETROL STATIONS

Approved

Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation

Decree No. 18-20 dated 07.03.96 in agreement with

Joint stock company of pipeline transport

Petroleum products (AK Transnefteprodukt»)

dated April 17, 1995 No. 03-12-16/108

Reference book of basic prices for design work for the construction of "Transport, storage of petroleum products and gas stations" developed by SE "CENTRINVESTproject» Ministry of Construction of Russia, JSC "Nefteproduktproekt» JSC Oil Products Pipeline Transport Company AK Transnefteprodukt».

Reference book of basic prices for design work for the construction of "Transport, storage of petroleum products and gas stations" comes into force on March 1, 1996.

Clarifications and consultations on the application of this Handbook are carried out by:

GP "CENTRINVESTproject» Ministry of Construction of Russia:

125957, g. Moscow, Leningradsky pr-t, 63, tel. (095) 157-39-42;

JSC "Nefteproduktproekt»: 400074, g. Volgograd, Workers and Peasants, 67,

tel. (8442) 43-37-37.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. Reference book of basic prices for design work for construction (hereinafter referred to as the “Reference book”) is recommended for determining basic prices for the subsequent formation of contractual prices for the development of project documentation for the construction of transport enterprises, storage of petroleum products and gas stations.

1.2. The base prices in the Directory are set depending on the natural indicators of design objects: capacity, length, excluding value added tax.

1.3. The directory is intended for use by organizations of various organizational and legal forms that have a license to perform the relevant design work for construction and have the status of a legal entity in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

1.4. The prices in the Directory take into account all costs included in the cost in accordance with the "Guidelines for the composition and accounting of costs included in the cost of design and survey products (works, services) for construction and the formation of financial results", approved by the State Construction Committee of Russia on April 6, 1994 , and profit (except for the cost of business trips).

1.5. The Directory contains prices for individual design of new construction projects.

1.6. Prices are set in relation to the procedure for development, approval, approval and composition of project documentation, regulated in the prescribed manner.

1.7. The prices of the Directory do not include:

Development of design solutions specified in the design assignment in several versions;

Development of working drawings for special auxiliary structures, devices, devices and installations for the production of construction and installation works;

Development of a solution for the monumental and decorative design of enterprises, buildings and structures;

Making changes to the project documentation (with the exception of correcting errors made by the design organization);

Development of detailed drawings of metal structures (KMD) and process pipelines of factory production;

Surveys and measurement works at facilities subject to reconstruction, expansion and technical re-equipment;

Development of design documentation for custom-made equipment, in addition to the preparation of the initial requirements necessary for the development of technical specifications for the implementation of this documentation;

Demo layouts;

Development of projects for the production of construction and installation works (PPR), development of project documentation for the construction of temporary buildings and structures for the needs of construction organizations;

Research and experimental work;

Business travel expenses;

Development of automated enterprise management systems (APCS) and automated process control systems (APCS);

Marketing services.


MINSTROY OF RUSSIA
SE "CENTRINVESTproject"

PRACTICAL GUIDE

ON THE APPLICATION OF THE BASIC PRICE DIRECTORY
FOR DESIGN WORKS FOR CONSTRUCTION
TRANSPORT, STORAGE COMPANIES
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND PETROL STATIONS

(General provisions; relative cost
development of project documentation)

INTRODUCTION

Reference book of basic prices for design work for the construction of "Transport, storage of petroleum products and gas stations" was developed by SE "CENTRINVESTproekt" of the Ministry of Construction of Russia together with JSC "Nefteproduktproekt" and approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.03.96 No. 18-20 in agreement with the AC "Transnefteprodukt" dated April 17, 1995, No. 03-12-16 / 108.
The Handbook came into effect on March 1, 1996, replacing Section 50 of the 1987 Edition of the Design Work Price Book for Construction.
The Directory contains basic prices for design work for construction, established depending on the natural indicators of the designed objects: capacity, capacity, productivity, etc.
The directory consists of:
1. Basic provisions;
2. The procedure for determining the base prices for design work;
3. Tables of basic prices for the development of project documentation. The directory is recommended for determining base prices for the subsequent formation of contractual prices for design work for construction.
This Guide provides:
o clarification of the main provisions of the Directory of basic prices for design work for the construction of "Transport enterprises, storage of petroleum products and gas stations";
o clarifications on some other issues that are not reflected in the main provisions of the Handbook and that arise when determining the base price of design work;
o clarification of the procedure for determining the price of design work, depending on the natural indicators of design objects;
o tables of the relative cost of developing project documentation.

Compiled by:
Department of Economics and Pricing in Design SE "TSENTRINVESTproekt" of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, JSC "Nefteproduktproekt".

1. EXPLANATION OF THE MAIN PROVISIONS OF THE HANDBOOK

According to paragraph 1.6

The base prices for design work given in the Directory "Enterprises of transport, storage of petroleum products and gas stations" are set in relation to the requirements contained in the Instruction on the procedure for the development, approval, approval and composition of design documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures (SNiP 11-01 -95), SNiP on the organization of construction production (SNiP 3.01.01-85) and in other design regulations as of August 31, 1995.

According to paragraph 1.7

The base price does not include the cost of the following works:
o development of additional project options (working draft) or individual technological, structural, architectural and other solutions established in the design assignment, where sections (or parts of these sections) of the project should also be defined, for which the development of these options and initial data is necessary, necessary for their development.
The degree of elaboration of additional options should correspond to the depth of elaboration of the main variant. Documentation of the additional option is transferred to the customer in the order established for the project (working draft). In the process of developing both the main and additional options, variant study of design solutions is carried out;
o development of working drawings for special auxiliary structures, devices, devices and installations when designing objects with especially complex structures and methods of work in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.01.01-85.
The base price for the development of working drawings of these structures, devices, devices and installations is determined in the manner established by construction organizations, or by calculating the cost of labor costs;
o making changes to the project documentation related to the introduction of new regulatory documents, the replacement of equipment with more advanced ones, etc. (with the exception of correcting errors made by the design organization).
The performance of these works should be provided for by the assignment for the design of the facility or by a separate order of the customer and paid additionally;
o development of detailed drawings of metal structures (KMD) and process pipelines of prefabricated production.
KMD are developed by manufacturers. In the case of entrusting these works to design organizations, prices for the development of KMD are set by manufacturing organizations;
o surveys and measurement works at facilities subject to reconstruction, expansion or technical re-equipment.
The cost of such work should be determined according to the relevant Handbooks, or by calculating the cost of labor costs;
o development of design documentation for custom-made equipment, except for the preparation of the initial requirements necessary for the development of technical specifications for the implementation of this documentation.
The base price guide takes into account the costs of preparing initial requirements for the development of design documentation for custom-made equipment, including single-piece and small-scale ones. The terms of reference for the specified equipment are developed by the manufacturer.
In some cases, when the development of the specified design documentation is entrusted to a design organization, it is carried out, as a rule, under contracts with the equipment manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not defined, then the development of design documentation for the equipment can be carried out by the design organization on behalf of the customer. At the same time, the base price for the performance of the specified design work is determined at prices established by organizations according to the subordination of factories - manufacturers of the specified equipment;
o demo layouts.
The price for the production of demonstration materials is taken into account by the Directory and is not paid additionally, except for the price for the production of demonstration models, which is determined additionally;
o architectural supervision;
o experimental and research work;
o marketing services;
o business travel expenses.
The basic prices of the Directory do not take into account the costs of business trips, including the costs of administrative personnel, if the business trips of this personnel are directly related to the design of the facility;
o development of interiors, performed in accordance with GOST 21.507-81;
o development of projects for the production of construction and installation works (PPR).
The base price of the PPR is determined by departmental Price Lists, and in their absence - by calculating the cost of labor costs. The base price of these works is paid by the customer in addition to the base price of design work, determined according to the Directory.
The above provision applies to all types and methods of construction (new construction, reconstruction and technical re-equipment, contract, economic or mixed construction);
o costs of design organizations related to the submission of project documentation to the exporting authorities;
o development of automated enterprise management systems (APCS), automated process control systems (APCS).
The base price for the design of an automated control system and process control systems is determined by specialized Price Lists for the development of the specified technical documentation;
o development of project documentation for the construction of temporary buildings and structures for the needs of construction organizations.
The base price for the design of such buildings and structures is determined according to the Price Lists for these works developed by construction organizations, or in the manner established by them;
o environmental justification of economic activity in the design materials. The prices of the Directory take into account the costs associated with the development of environmental protection measures in the scope of the requirements of SNiP 11-01-95.
The costs of design organizations related to the submission to the environmental review of materials on the assessment of the impact of the planned economic activity of industrial enterprises on the environment (EIA) are not included in prices.
If it is necessary to develop EIA materials by design organizations, the cost of work not included in prices is determined additionally.
In addition, the basic prices of the Directory do not take into account:
o land reclamation;
o fish protection measures;
o berthing facilities and bank protection;
o dispersive wastewater outlets;
o communication nodes;
o transformer substations with a voltage of 6/10 (10/6) kV, as well as a voltage of 6-20/0.4 kV with a capacity of over 2x630 kVA;
o distribution and sectioning points with a voltage of 6-20 kV;
o linear network automation of power supply systems;
control rooms and means of dispatching and technological control of power supply;
o electrical calculations for the choice of reactive power compensation means;
o diesel power plants with a capacity of over 100 kVA;
o telemechanization and industrial television;
o off-site engineering networks, communications and facilities;
o protective structures of civil defense;
o automatic fire extinguishing, fire and security alarm systems, gas cleaning and dust collection facilities;
o special protective structures against dangerous physical and geological processes and phenomena (landslides, mudflows, landslides, etc.).

2. EXPLANATION OF THE PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE BASE PRICE
FOR DESIGN WORKS

Item 2

The base price for the development of project documentation (project and working documentation) is determined by the formula:

C \u003d (a + in) x Ki, where

C - the base price of design work in thousand rubles;
a, c - constant values ​​for a certain interval of the main indicator of the designed object, given in the Directory, in thousand rubles;
x - the main indicator of the designed object;
Ki is a multiplier that reflects inflationary processes at the time of price determination.
The price level contained in the tables is set as of January 1, 1995 and is subject to further increase, taking into account inflationary factors.
If the projected object has a value of the main indicator less than the minimum or more than the maximum indicator given in the price table of the Directory, the base price for the development of project documentation is determined by extrapolation. In this case, the value of the adjustment to the price is accepted with a coefficient of 0.6.

3. CLARIFICATIONS ON ISSUES NOT REFLECTED
IN THE DIRECTORY OF BASIC PRICES

3.1. The initial data for design in accordance with the list given in Appendix A of SNiP 11-01-95 is provided by the customer of the project (working draft).
In the event that the customer instructs the design organization to collect the initial data for the design given in the specified Appendix, the price of this work should be taken into account when setting the contract price for the design documentation in addition to the base price determined by the Directory.
3.2. The choice of a land plot (route) for construction is carried out, as a rule, in the justification of investments in the construction of an object.
When determining the cost of developing justifications for investments in the construction of an object, the costs of design organizations associated with their participation in the selection of a land plot (route) are taken into account in this price.
In cases where the selection of a land plot (route) for construction was not carried out during the development of the justification, the basic price of the investment justification should be adjusted using a correction factor, as the performance of work in a reduced volume compared to that provided for by the current regulatory documents.
The scope of work on site (route) selection is determined by SP 11-101-95.
3.3. The base price of design work using design documentation for repeated or mass application ("binding") is determined using a reduction factor depending on the complexity of the work as agreed with the customer.
3.4. Prices in the Directory are for individual design. The cost of acquiring design products for mass use (standard projects) is not included in the contract and is not paid additionally.
3.5. The base price for the development of project documentation for mass use (standard projects) is determined by the design organization in agreement with the project customer.
3.6. The base price for the development of design documentation for the construction of buildings and structures using imported equipment for the first time is determined at the prices of the Directory with a coefficient of up to 1.5 to the cost of types of design work, the development of which is complicated due to the use of this equipment, as agreed with the customer.
3.7. The base price for the development of design documentation for the reconstruction and technical re-equipment of buildings and structures is determined at the prices of the Directory, applying a coefficient of up to 2.0 to the base price, set by the design organization in accordance with the complexity of design work as agreed with the customer.
The size of the coefficient must be at least 1.0, but not more than 2.0. ...

State estimated standard

"DIRECTORY OF BASIC PRICES FOR DESIGN WORKS IN CONSTRUCTION" ENTERPRISES OF TRANSPORT, STORAGE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND PETROL STATIONS "

1. General Provisions

1.1. The state estimate standard "Reference book of basic prices for design work in construction" Enterprises of transport, storage of petroleum products and gas stations "(hereinafter referred to as the Directory) is intended to determine the cost of developing design and working documentation for the construction of transport enterprises, storage of petroleum products and gas stations.

1.2. When using this Handbook, you should be guided by the Guidelines for the use of Base Price Guides for design work in construction, approved by Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2009 N 620 "On approval of the Guidelines for the use of base price guides for design work in construction" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on March 23, 2010 #, registration N 16686, Bulletin of Normative Acts of Federal Executive Authorities, 2010, N 16) (hereinafter referred to as the Methodological Instructions).

1.3. The base prices in this Directory are set depending on the natural indicators of the designed facilities: capacity, capacity, volume, length, and others.

1.4. This Handbook contains prices for individual design of objects consisting of a complex of buildings and structures, as well as individual elements of the complex.

1.5. The price level contained in the tables of this Directory is set as of January 01, 2001, excluding value added tax.

1.6. The base prices of this Handbook, in addition to the works listed in clause 1.3.6. section I of the Guidelines, the following works and services are not taken into account and require additional payment:

Crossings over rivers with a length in the channel part of more than 30 m;

Above-ground laying of engineering networks;

Arrangement of an annular passage around the railway overpass for loading and unloading oil products;

Berthing facilities and bank protection;

Scattering wastewater outlets;

Communication nodes;

Transformer substations with a voltage of 6/10 (10/6) kV, as well as a voltage of 6-20/0.4 kV with a capacity of over 2x630 kVA;

Distribution and sectioning points with a voltage of 6-20 kV;

Linear network automation of power supply systems;

Dispatching points and means of technological control of power supply;

Electrical calculations for the choice of reactive power compensation means;

Diesel power plants;

Telemechanization and industrial television;

Land reclamation;

Costs associated with the participation of the design organization, on behalf of the customer, in the selection of a site (route) for construction;

Development of sections "", "", "Industrial safety";

Development of automatic gas and powder fire extinguishing installations;

Development of an automated energy consumption accounting and management system (ASUE, ASKUE), an integrated energy consumption system (IASUE), an automated dispatch control and management system (ASUD), unified dispatch systems (ODS), operational remote control (ODC), engineering systems monitoring systems (SMIS) ), monitoring systems for engineering structures (SMIK), crisis management systems (SMS).

1.7. The base price for the development of pre-project documentation "Justification of investments in the construction of facilities" is determined by the prices of the Directory using a reduction factor in accordance with the complexity of the work. The size of this coefficient to the prices of the Directory, established for the entire range of design work (design documentation + working documentation) is up to 0.2.

1.8. The cost of developing the "Measures for environmental protection" ("") section, if it is necessary to develop it in accordance with the customer's assignment, is additionally determined in the amount of up to 10% of the total design cost.

In the case of performance of work on the assessment of the impact of a capital construction object on the environment (EIA) as part of the project documentation on the basis of the current legislation and on behalf of the customer, their cost is determined additionally in the amount of 4% of the total design cost.

1.9. The cost of developing sections of the design documentation "Measures of civil defense and emergency prevention", "Industrial safety" for the construction of transport enterprises, storage of petroleum products and gas stations is additionally determined according to table N 5 of the state estimated standard "Reference book of basic prices for design work in construction" pipeline transport of oil", approved by order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation of June 18, 2012 N 229 (recognized as not needing registration by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation letter N 01 / 59780-YUL of June 27, 2012) (hereinafter - SBTsP 81- 2001-08).

1.10. The base price for the development of design and working documentation for the dismantling of facilities and structures not related to reconstruction and overhaul, in the event that this documentation is carried out on a separate assignment from the customer, is determined at the prices of this Handbook for the design of sections, the development of which is necessary during dismantling, using the coefficients: up to 0.35 - for the linear part of objects and up to 0.2 - for site objects and structures, taking into account the ratio of the complexity of design work for the object in the conditions of new construction and the development of documentation for the dismantling of a similar object.

1.11. The base price of design using standard (reusable) design solutions and standard technical solutions is determined at the prices of this Handbook using a reduction factor from 0.2 to 0.8, set by the customer.

1.12. The base price of this Handbook takes into account the issuance to the customer of design and working documentation on paper in the amount of four copies.

The cost of copies of design and working documentation issued to the customer in excess of the specified quantity is determined in addition to the base price based on the prices for replication of the developer organization.

Additional copies of the design and working documentation issued to the customer on electronic media are authentic design and working documentation made on paper.

At the same time, documentation made on an electronic medium can be considered an original if it is confirmed by an electronic digital signature in accordance with the Federal Law of April 6, 2011 N 63-FZ "On Electronic Digital Signature" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, April 11, 2011 ., No. 15, article 2036).

1.13. The recommended estimated relative cost of developing sections of design and working documentation for the construction of linear facilities (as a percentage of the base price) is given in tables N 11 and N 12 of this Directory.

1.14. The recommended estimated relative cost of developing sections of design and working documentation for industrial facilities (as a percentage of the base price) is given in tables N 13 and N 14 of this Directory.

2. The procedure for determining the base price of design work

Chapter 2.1. Transportation of petroleum products (to tables NN 1-5 of this Handbook)

2.1.1. This chapter provides basic prices for the design of the linear part and structures of the main oil product pipelines.

2.1.2. The base price for designing the linear part of the main oil product pipelines is determined for designing it in one line, and the branches from the main oil product pipelines - in two lines (the length of the branches is taken along the length of the route).

2.1.3. Basic prices for the design of main oil product pipelines and branches are set for pipelines with a working pressure of up to 100 kgf / cm 2 (9.8 MPa).

2.1.4. The base prices contained in this chapter do not provide for the pumping of solidifying oil products.

2.1.5. The base price for the design of main oil product pipelines and branches along the route of the existing pipeline is determined according to the prices of the corresponding table with a coefficient of up to 1.1.

2.1.6. When designing oil product pipelines for pumping aviation fuels to airports, the following coefficients are applied to the base prices:

To the prices of table 1 - 1.05;

To the prices of table 3, point 1 - 1.20;

To the prices of table 3, point 2 - 1.25;

To the prices of table 4, point 1 - 1.15.

2.1.7. The base prices of tables NN 1 and 2 of this Handbook do not take into account the design of:

Underpasses of pipelines through railways and roads;

Tunnels for laying oil product pipelines in mountainous areas;

Hanging bridge crossings over various obstacles;

emergency recovery points;

Production service bases;

Structures for ensuring passage along the route and access to it (roads, bridges, culverts, embankments, etc.);

Telemechanics devices necessary for the functioning of the process control system.

2.1.8. The base prices of Table No. 1 of this Handbook provide for the design of only the linear part and do not take into account other structures of the main oil product pipeline, the base price of which is additionally determined according to the relevant tables of this Handbook.

2.1.9. In case of simultaneous design of an oil product pipeline in two or more lines along the entire length of the pipeline, the base price for designing the second and subsequent lines is determined additionally at the prices of Table No. 1 of this Handbook with a coefficient of 0.4.

2.1.10. When designing the second and subsequent lines not along the entire length of the main oil product pipeline (loopings), their base price is additionally determined according to the prices of Table N 1 of this Handbook with a coefficient of 0.4 based on the total length of these lines (loopings).

2.1.11. When designing a branch in one thread, a coefficient of 0.7 is applied to the prices of table N 2 of this Handbook.

2.1.12. When designing a branch of three or more threads, the base price for designing the third and subsequent threads is determined additionally according to the prices of Table N 2 of this Handbook with a coefficient of 0.4 for each additional thread over two.

2.1.13. For branches from an existing oil product pipeline, a coefficient of 1.1 is applied to the base prices of Table No. 2 of this Handbook.

2.1.14. When designing several branches as part of a main oil product pipeline, the base price of each branch is determined separately.

2.1.15. When designing several pumping stations as part of one main oil product pipeline, the base price of each station, determined according to Table No. 3 of this Handbook, is taken separately.

2.1.16. The base prices for head pumping stations take into account the design of tank farms.

When designing tank farms at intermediate pumping stations, their base price is additionally determined according to the prices of Table No. 10 of this Directory.

2.1.17. When designing pumping stations on existing oil product pipelines, a coefficient of 1.1 is applied to the base prices determined according to Table No. 3 of this Handbook.

2.1.18. The base prices of tables NN 3 and 4 of this Handbook do not take into account the design of:

Telemechanics devices necessary for the functioning of the process control system;

Central dispatch service.

2.1.19. When determining the base price for the design of facilities under paragraph 2 of Table No. 4 of this Handbook, it must be taken into account that the prices do not take into account the design of systems and devices for loading oil products into tankers.

2.1.20. When determining the base price for designing objects according to Table N 5 of this Handbook, it must be taken into account that if there are several underground passages on the route, the base price of each passage is determined separately.

Chapter 2.2. Storage of petroleum products
(to tables No. 6, 7 of this Handbook)

2.2.1. When determining the base price for designing objects according to Table N 6 of this Handbook, it must be taken into account that when designing underground (buried or sprinkled with soil) tanks, a coefficient of 1.2 is applied to prices.

2.2.2. Table N 6a of this Directory shows the composition of buildings and structures included in the oil depots for which base prices are determined in Table N 6 of this Directory. The percentage distribution of the complex base price, given in Table N 6a of this Handbook, can be specified by agreement between the designer and the customer, depending on the complexity of design work and the specifics of designing a particular capital construction object.

Chapter 2.3. Gas stations
(to table N 8 of this Handbook)

2.3.1. When designing a filling station with a capacity measured by the number of car fillings per day, the following prices are applied:

2.3.2. The base price of design work for the construction of filling stations for cars owned by citizens, without maintenance and washing points, is determined according to paragraph 1 of Table No. 8.

2.3.3. The base price for the design of buildings and structures combined or interlocked with gas stations, as well as gas stations with built-in premises for other purposes, is determined by summing up the prices for the design of individual buildings and structures that are combined or blocked, as well as gas stations and built-in premises.

At the same time, the base price for designing filling stations is accepted with a coefficient of 1, the cost of buildings blocked with it or built-in premises is accepted in agreement with the customer with a reduction factor of up to 0.8 and 0.5, respectively, from the base price of their design, determined according to the relevant Base Price Directory.

Chapter 2.4. Regeneration of waste oil products (to table N 9 of this Handbook)

2.4.1. The base cost of waste oil products regeneration facilities includes the design of plant ventilation systems, oil product heating systems.

Chapter 2.5. Separate structures outside the construction complex (to table N 10 of this Directory)

2.5.1. When designing a blocking pipeline in two or more lines, the base price for designing the second and subsequent lines is determined additionally according to the prices of Table N 10 of this Handbook with a coefficient of 0.4 for each additional line over one.

2.5.2. For pipelines for oils and dark oil products, a coefficient of 1.2 is applied to the prices of table N 10 of this Handbook.

2.5.3. The prices of items 3, 4 of Table No. 10 of this Handbook do not take into account the cost of designing reinforced concrete embankment walls for tank farms.

3. Base prices for the development of design and working documentation

Table N 1. Linear part of the main oil product pipeline

1

Linear part of the main oil product pipeline with a diameter of up to 500 mm, length, km

from 10 to 200

over 200 to 800

over 800 to 1100

Table N 2. Branches from the main oil product pipeline

Name of the design object

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the base price for the development of design and working documentation

Design stages as a percentage of the price

1

Branch from the main oil product pipeline, length, km

from 0.10 to 60

over 60 to 120

Table N 3. Pumping stations

Name of the design object

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the base price for the development of design and working documentation

Design stages as a percentage of the price

1

Head pumping station, pumping volume, mln t/year

from 0.1 to 0.5

mln t/year

over 0.5 to 2.0

over 2.0 to 5.0

2

Intermediate pumping station, pumping volume, mln t/year

from 0.1 to 0.5

mln t/year

over 0.5 to 2.0

over 2.0 to 5.0

Table N 4. Point of loading of oil products

Name of the design object

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the base price for the development of design and working documentation

Design stages as a percentage of the price

1

Automotive loading point for petroleum products, loading volume, mln t/year

from 0.1 to 0.8

mln t/year

2

Railway loading station for oil products, loading volume, mln t/year

0.1 to 2.0

mln t/year

Table N 5. Underpasses of the pipeline through railways and roads

Name of the design object

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the base price for the development of design and working documentation

Design stages as a percentage of the price

1

Underground passage of the pipeline through railways and roads, length of the protective case (casing), m

Table N 6. Bases of petroleum products

Name of the design object

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the base price for the development of design and working documentation

Design stages as a percentage of the price

1

Base of oil products railway, capacity, thousand m 3

over 5 to 20

over 20 to 50

over 50 to 80

over 80 to 100

over 100 to 160

over 160 to 300

2

Base of oil products water, capacity, thousand m 3

over 10 to 20

over 20 to 50

over 50 to 80

over 80 to 100

over 100 to 160

over 160 to 300

Table N 6a. The composition of buildings and structures included in the complex base price of the tank farm

Composition of buildings and structures included in the complex base price

Percentage of the complex base price for the development of design and working documentation

Site preparation

Main production facilities

Main pumping station

Retaining pumping station

Reservoir Park

Process pipelines

Chamber for receiving and launching ball separators

Site for receiving and launching pigs

A platform for flowmeters on main pipelines with an overpressure protection unit with tanks

Pad flowmeters blocking pipelines

Block box for pressure regulators

Block-box for pumping out and collecting leaks with tanks

Site of filters-dirt traps

Automation of tank farm production processes

Automation of production processes of a pumping station

Tank farm fire extinguishing automation

Objects of ancillary production and service purposes

Administrative and amenity complex

Repair and maintenance unit

Warehouse of foam concentrate

Oil storage unit

Auxiliary production and service unit

Canopy for cable storage

Site for welding and fire works

Car wash rack

Fuel distribution point

General cargo warehouse

Warehouse for storage of fuels and lubricants

Fire station for 2 cars

Energy facilities

Shelter N 1 (block-boxes: ShchSU-2, relay protection panels, supply and boost fans, compressor room, operator room)

Transformer substation

On-site networks up to 10 kV

Security and spotlight lighting

Grounding and lightning protection

Electrochemical protection against corrosion

Diesel power station

Transport facilities and communications

Garage complex

Outdoor car parking with heaters

Canopy for vehicles and construction mechanisms

Covering driveways and platforms

On-site communication networks

Fire alarm

In-site radio networks

External networks and facilities for water supply, sewerage

On-site networks of industrial and economic water supply with facilities

On-site fire water pipeline networks with facilities

mortar pipelines

fire pond

fire pump station

Fan cooling tower with pumping units and circulating water supply pipelines

On-site networks of industrial and storm sewerage

Shelter N 2 (block-boxes of on-farm water supply pumping stations)

Facilities for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with oil products

Explosive sewage pumping station

Wastewater pumping station

Ponds for additional settling for post-treatment of wastewater contaminated with oil products

Onsite sewage networks contaminated with ethylated petroleum products

Facilities for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with ethylated petroleum products

Pumping station for wastewater contaminated with leaded petroleum products

Wastewater pumping station for post-treatment

Wastewater treatment facilities at ozonation plants

On-site networks of domestic wastewater

Domestic sewage pumping station

Facilities for biological treatment at aeration tanks

Station for pumping treated industrial, storm and domestic wastewater to the place of waste disposal

Boiler room

Fuel facilities of the boiler house

Onsite heating networks

Condensate collection and treatment station

Improvement and gardening of the territory

Vertical layout

Fencing, landscaping, landscaping

Arrangement of an impervious clay screen in a tank farm

The composition of the railway base of oil products, in addition, includes: a railway unloading rack for light oil products; front for draining oils and dark oil products from the railway cisterns; pump station for draining light and dark oil products from the railway cisterns; paraffin and bitumen collection points.

The composition of the water base of oil products, in addition, includes: technological pipelines of berthing facilities; blocking pipelines; coastal pumping station for emptying pipelines; pumping station for intrabase transfers; premises for personnel serving the berth; driveways and platforms to the pier; fire-prevention entrances to the pier; fire water supply at the pier; mortar pipeline at the berth; water intake at the pier; pumping water supply of the 1st lift; sewerage network for leaded wastewater at the quay; blocking pipelines of sewerage networks of leaded effluents from the berth to the tank farm; station for pumping ethylated wastewater from the berth to the tank farm.

Table N 7. Reception points for the collection of waste oil products

Name of the design object

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the base price for the development of design and working documentation

Design stages as a percentage of the price

1

Reception point for the collection of waste oil products, cargo turnover, thousand tons / year

thousand tons/year

Table N 8. Gas stations

Name of the design object

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the base price for the development of design and working documentation

Design stages as a percentage of the price

Public gas station, throughput, cars/hour

from 100 to 170

car/hour

Filling stations for servicing passenger cars owned by citizens (with a service point and a car wash), throughput, cars / hour

from 100 to 170

Filling station with connection to an oil product pipeline, throughput, cars/hour

from 135 to 170

Table N 9. Waste oil products regeneration point

Name of the design object

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the base price for the development of design and working documentation

Design stages as a percentage of the price

1

Waste oil products regeneration point, cargo turnover, thousand tons/year

1.0 to 4.8

thousand tons/year

Table N 10. Individual structures outside the construction complex

Name of the design object

Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object

Constant values ​​of the base price for the development of design and working documentation

\ thousand rub.

Design stages as a percentage of the price

1

Station for semi-automatic filling of light oil products, number of paired filling devices, pcs.

2

Lightning protection of tank farms with a capacity, thousand m 3

over 30 to 50

3

Tank farm of light oil products with ground tanks with a capacity,

over 10 to 50

over 50 to 80

over 80 to 150

4

Tank farm for oils and dark oil products with ground tanks with a capacity, thousand m 3

over 10 to 50

over 50 to 80

over 80 to 150

5

On-site technological pipelines of oil depots with the capacity of the tank farm, thousand m 3

6

Railway loading and unloading devices for tank farms and railway loading points (one-sided), length of the loading and unloading front, m

7

Railway loading and unloading devices of oil depots and railway loading points (double-sided), length of the loading and unloading front, m:

from 48 to 180

over 180 to 360

8

Pump tank farms for pumping oil products, capacity, m 3 / hour

from 600 to 2400

9

Electrochemical protection against corrosion of the linear part of the main oil product pipelines and branches from them, the area of ​​the protected surface, thousand m 2

from 0.5 to 80

over 80 to 330

over 330 to 1330

10

Electrochemical protection against corrosion of tank farms, pumping stations and other sites, protected surface area, thousand m 2

from 4.8 to 15.6

over 15.6 up to 24

over 24 to 75

11

Blocking pipeline, length, km

over 2 to 7

over 7 to 20


Name of objects

Explanatory note

Right-of-way project

Measures for environmental protection

Construction estimate

Other documentation

Measures of civil defense and prevention of emergency situations

Technological and constructive solutions of a linear object. Artificial constructions

Name of objects

Technological solutions

Constructive decisions

Artificial constructions

Arrangement

Power supply

Water supply and sanitation

To table N 1 Linear part of the main oil pipeline

To table N 2 Branch from the main oil pipeline

To table N 4 Underpass of the pipeline through railways and roads

To table N 10 On-site technological pipelines of tank farms

To table No. 10 Interlocking pipeline

Name of objects

Explanatory note

Right-of-way project

Technological and constructive solutions of a linear object. Artificial constructions

Buildings and structures included in the infrastructure of the facility

Construction organization project

Demolition (dismantling) organization project

Measures for environmental protection

Fire safety measures

Construction estimate

Other documentation

Measures of civil defense and prevention of emergency situations

To table N 1 Linear part of the main oil pipeline

To table N 2 Branch from the main oil pipeline

To table N 4 Underpass of the pipeline through railways and roads

To table N 10 On-site technological pipelines of tank farms

To table No. 10 Interlocking pipeline

______________________________

* - is regarded additionally;

Technological and constructive solutions of a linear object. Artificial constructions

Name of objects

Technological solutions

Constructive decisions

Artificial constructions

Arrangement

Power supply

Water supply and sanitation

Communication, signaling, automation

To table N 1 Linear part of the main oil pipeline

To table N 2 Branch from the main oil pipeline

To table N 4 Underpass of the pipeline through railways and roads

To table N 10 On-site technological pipelines of tank farms

To table No. 10 Interlocking pipeline


Name of objects

Explanatory note

Architectural solutions

Construction organization project

List of environmental protection measures

Fire safety measures

Construction estimate

points 1, 2

points 1, 2

points 1, 2

To table N 8 gas stations

points 1, 2, 3

points 3, 4

points 6, 7

points 9, 10

______________________________

* - is regarded additionally;

** - documentation for the section is not being developed;


To Table No. 13

Information about engineering equipment, about networks of engineering and technical support, a list of engineering and technical measures, the content of technological solutions

Name of objects

Power supply system

Water supply system

Drainage system

Gas supply system

Technological solutions

To table N 3 Head pumping stations

To table N 3 Intermediate pumping stations

To table N 4 Point of loading of oil products

points 1, 2

To table N 6 Base of petroleum products

points 1, 2

To table N 7 Reception point for the collection of waste oil products

points 1, 2

To table N 8 gas stations

points 1, 2, 3

To table N 9 Waste oil products regeneration point

To table N 10 Station for semi-automatic filling of light oil products

To table N 10 Lightning protection of tank farms

To table N 10 Tank farms

points 3, 4

To table N 10 Railway unloading devices of tank farms and railway loading points

points 6, 7

To table N 10 Pump tank farms for pumping oil products

To table N 10 Electrochemical protection

points 9, 10

______________________________

* - is regarded additionally;

** - documentation for the section is not being developed;


Name of objects

Explanatory note

Scheme of the planning organization of the land plot

Architectural solutions

Structural and space-planning solutions

Information about engineering equipment, about networks of engineering and technical support, a list of engineering and technical measures, the content of technological solutions

Construction organization project

Project for the organization of demolition or dismantling works

List of environmental protection measures

Fire safety measures

Accessibility measures for persons with disabilities

Requirements for ensuring the safe operation of capital construction facilities

Energy efficiency measures***

Construction estimate

Other documentation. Measures of civil defense and prevention of emergency situations

To table N 3 Head pumping stations

To table N 3 Intermediate pumping stations

To table N 4 Point of loading of oil products

points 1, 2

To table N 6 Base of petroleum products

points 1, 2

To table N 7 Reception point for the collection of waste oil products

points 1, 2

To table N 8 gas stations

points 1, 2, 3

To table N 9 Waste oil products regeneration point

To table N 10 Station for semi-automatic filling of light oil products

To table N 10 Lightning protection of tank farms

To table N 10 Tank farms

points 3, 4

To table N 10 Railway unloading devices of tank farms and railway loading points

points 6, 7

To table N 10 Pump tank farms for pumping oil products

To table N 10 Electrochemical protection

points 9, 10

______________________________

* - is regarded additionally;

** - documentation for the section is not being developed;

*** - Measures to ensure compliance with the requirements of energy efficiency and the requirements for equipping buildings, structures and structures with metering devices for the energy resources used.


To table No. 14

Information about engineering equipment, about networks of engineering and technical support, a list of engineering and technical measures, the content of technological solutions

Name of objects

Power supply system

Water supply system

Drainage system

Heating, ventilation, air conditioning, heating networks

Communication networks, signaling, automation

Gas supply system

Technological solutions

To table N 3 Head pumping stations

To table N 3 Intermediate pumping stations

To table N 4 Point of loading of oil products

points 1, 2

To table N 6 Base of petroleum products

points 1, 2

To table N 7 Reception point for the collection of waste oil products

points 1, 2

To table N 8 gas stations

points 1, 2, 3

To table N 9 Waste oil products regeneration point

To table N 10 Station for semi-automatic filling of light oil products

To table N 10 Lightning protection of tank farms

To table N 10 Tank farms

points 3, 4

To table N 10 Railway unloading devices of tank farms and railway loading points

points 6, 7

To table N 10 Pump tank farms for pumping oil products

To table N 10 Electrochemical protection

points 9, 10

______________________________

* - is regarded additionally;

** - documentation for the section is not being developed;


Table N 15. List of abbreviations used in the Directory

Reduction

Explanation of the abbreviation

Gas stations

Automated control systems

Automated process control systems

Automated supervisory control and management system

ASUE, ASKUE

Automated energy metering system

Civil Defense and Emergencies

Integrated Power System

Instrumentation

Unified Dispatch System

Assessment of the impact of the capital construction object on the environment

Engineering structures monitoring system

Engineering systems monitoring system

Crisis management system

Central control room

Editor's Choice
There is a belief that rhinoceros horn is a powerful biostimulant. It is believed that he can save from infertility ....

In view of the past feast of the holy Archangel Michael and all the incorporeal Heavenly Powers, I would like to talk about those Angels of God who ...

Quite often, many users wonder how to update Windows 7 for free and not incur trouble. Today we...

We are all afraid of judgment from others and want to learn not to pay attention to the opinions of others. We're afraid of being judged, oh...
07/02/2018 17,546 1 Igor Psychology and Society The word "snobbery" is quite rare in oral speech, unlike ...
To the release of the film "Mary Magdalene" on April 5, 2018. Mary Magdalene is one of the most mysterious personalities of the Gospel. The idea of ​​her...
Tweet There are programs as universal as the Swiss Army knife. The hero of my article is just such a "universal". His name is AVZ (Antivirus...
50 years ago, Alexei Leonov was the first in history to go into the airless space. Half a century ago, on March 18, 1965, a Soviet cosmonaut...
Don't lose. Subscribe and receive a link to the article in your email. It is considered a positive quality in ethics, in the system...