On guard of the most important secrets. Day of the creation of government communications. Happy professional holiday, dear friends

The security of heads of state plays a very important role in ensuring peace and tranquility in the country. Previously, the most primitive methods were used to encrypt information, but over the years, due to the development of new communications and technologies, there was a need to strengthen state secrecy. It was for this purpose that the Government Communications was created on June 1, 1931.

Story

In 1931, the first high-frequency communication was launched in the USSR. Worked on its creation since 1928. It did not take much time for the OGPU to develop and introduce high-frequency communications, although the amount of work was not small, and the idea was of a global nature. The organization of proper secrecy of communications and negotiations of state power at that time was in the first place, since telephone and telegraph communications, which were in common use, could no longer guarantee the complete secrecy of the transmitted information.

To check the quality of communication, a connection was established with the city of Kharkov. The result of this check satisfied the developers and the government. The active use of HF communications by the government of the Russian Federation began.

The invented high-frequency communication made it possible during the Second World War (1941-1945) to organize the operational management of all fronts, made it possible to control the course of hostilities. Many military operations were successfully carried out thanks to continuous communication with the government.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union into a number of separate countries, a separate state communications organization was created in the Russian Federation - the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information, this happened in December 1991.

On July 1, 2003, the President of the Russian Federation announced the annulment of the FAPSI. It was replaced by a new information structure - the Special Communications and Information Service. On August 7, 2004, she was included in the FSO of Russia.

The tasks of the CSSS are:

• providing government representatives with communications in their places of residence;
• conducting intelligence work in the field of encryption;
• development of special technical means and systems to increase the quality and secrecy of communications;
• storage and processing of information, as well as its transfer to institutions located abroad;

Traditions

Celebrations of the Government Communications Worker's Day are usually held in the circle of the team. Employees of the service organize corporate parties in honor of their professional holiday. They are congratulated by the management, presenting gratitude and awards for merits in their hard work.

Employees of this structure also celebrate this holiday with their families. At festive tables, to the clink of glasses, congratulations from relatives and friends sound for them.

Do not forget to congratulate everyone who serves or served in this structure on their professional holiday.

June 1 is officially considered the Day of the Creation of Russian Government Communications. It was on this day in 1931 that an intercity high-frequency communication network was put into operation in the Soviet Union, which was to serve the government structures of the Soviet country. The importance of government communications for the security and defense of the state, for the uninterrupted and efficient management of all processes taking place in the political and economic life of the country, can hardly be overestimated.

The Soviet government realized the need to create a system of operational management of the state, its institutions and armed forces almost immediately after the end of the Civil War. However, the solution of this problem required a serious technical modernization of the means of communication available to the Soviet state. As early as 1921, the engineers of the radio laboratory of the Moscow Electrosvyaz plant began experiments on the organization of multi-channel telephony, which ended in success - three telephone conversations were simultaneously transmitted over a cable line.

Two years later, in 1923, P.V. Shmakov successfully conducted experiments on the simultaneous transmission of telephone conversations at high and low frequencies over a cable line 10 kilometers long. In 1925, the first equipment for high-frequency telephony for copper circuits was presented, developed by the team of the Leningrad Research and Testing Station under the direction of P.A. Azbukin. By this time, the principle of high-frequency telephoning was considered the safest when conducting telephone conversations. In the end, it was high-frequency telephony that was approved by the leadership of the Communist Party and the Soviet state as the basis of the state administration system of the Soviet country.

Since control by telephone was of strategic importance for the Soviet state, the overall organization of the multi-channel telephone system was immediately taken over by the United State Political Directorate (OGPU), which at that time was responsible for the state security of the country. It was the strategic importance of the government communications system that explained its inclusion in the system not of the People's Commissariat of Communications of the USSR, but precisely of the state security organs of the Soviet state.

In the late 1920s government communications was subordinated to the 4th branch of the Operational Department of the OGPU of the USSR. Considering the increased importance of the government communications system, the engineering and technical personnel who provided it were recruited on the basis of two main criteria - the highest professional competence and complete loyalty to the Soviet authorities. That is, the selection criteria were the same as when recruiting other units and departments of the USSR state security organs.

The first high-frequency communication lines were laid between Moscow and Leningrad and Moscow and Kharkov. Long-distance communication provided the highest party-state leadership of the country. On June 1, 1931, the 5th branch of the Operations Department of the OGPU was allocated as part of the OGPU. It was headed by a staff member of the OGPU - NKVD Ivan Yuryevich Laurens (1892-1937), who led the department for almost six years. When the OGPU was included in the NKVD, the 5th branch of the Operations Department of the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD of the USSR remained the governing body of government communications.

The tasks of providing the country with government communications required the intensified and accelerated construction of trunk permanent overhead communication lines of medium and long distances, which began in the early 1930s. Each line allocated two circuits to the competence of the state security agencies, which equipped the intermediate and terminal stations of government communications. During 1931-1932. government communications were established between Moscow and Leningrad, Kharkov, Minsk, Smolensk. In 1933, government communication lines connected Moscow with Gorky and Rostov-on-Don, in 1934 - with Kyiv, during 1935-1936. communication was established with Yaroslavl, Tbilisi, Baku, Sochi, Sevastopol, Voronezh, Kamyshin and Krasnodar, and in 1938 25 new high-frequency stations were put into operation at once, including stations in such large and strategically important cities as Arkhangelsk, Murmansk , Stalingrad, Sverdlovsk. In 1939, 11 more high-frequency stations were put into operation in Novosibirsk, Tashkent, Chita and a number of other cities. At the same time in Lyubertsy, a remote linear-equipment hall of the Moscow high-frequency station was built. By 1940, there were 82 government communication stations operating in the country, which served 325 subscribers throughout the Soviet Union. The longest air trunk line in the world was the Moscow-Khabarovsk line, built in 1939 and having a length of 8615 kilometers.

Thus, by the end of the 1930s, the organization of the government communications system in the Soviet Union was generally completed. High-frequency communication began to be used to ensure contacts between the country's top leadership and the leaders of the republics, regions and territories of the Soviet Union, the administration of the most important industrial enterprises and other economic facilities, the military command and the leadership of law enforcement agencies.

In the 1930s, Soviet engineers also developed the main methods for automatically classifying telephone conversations. So, in 1937, the Krasnaya Zarya plant began producing the EU-2 classification equipment, developed by engineers K.P. Egorov and G.V. Staritsyn. Then more advanced and advanced devices MES-2M and MES-2A, PZh-8, EIS-3 were released. As a result, by the end of the 1930s. with the help of inverters EC-2 and MES-2, it was possible to classify all the main channels of Soviet government communications.

After the arrest of I.Yu. Lawrence, the special communications department of the GUGB NKVD of the USSR was headed by Ivan Yakovlevich Vorobyov (pictured), who had previously worked at the Krasnaya Zarya telephone plant, and then in 1931 was hired by the state security bodies and first served as chief mechanic of the NKVD automatic telephone exchange, then the head of the communications department of the Administrative and Economic Department of the NKVD, and only then headed the government communications department. In 1939, Vorobyov was replaced as head of the government communications department by engineer captain of state security Mikhail Ilyinsky. He was one of the developers of the MA-3 and EIS-3 equipment. Ivan Vorobyov and Mikhail Ilyinsky were the people under whose leadership the formation and development of domestic government communications was carried out, new stations were put into operation. After the death of Ilyinsky, the department of government communications of the NKVD of the USSR in 1941 was again headed by Ivan Vorobyov.

It should be noted that in the second half of the 1930s - early 1940s. there were four structures involved in the organization and management of government communications. Firstly, it was the already mentioned department of government communications as part of the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD of the USSR. Secondly, it was the technical communications department of the Office of the Commandant of the Moscow Kremlin, created on the basis of the former communications department of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, which provided telephone services for the city government communications of Moscow and the Moscow Region, cable networks, clocks and cinema in the Kremlin, sound amplification during meetings of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR . Thirdly, its own communications department operated as part of the Main Security Directorate of the NKVD. This division was responsible for providing government communications in the offices and places of residence of members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and for sound amplification at party and government celebrations. Fourthly, the communications department acted as part of the Administrative and Economic Department (AKHOZU) of the NKVD of the USSR and performed tasks to provide special communications for the operational units of the NKVD, the city communications station.

During the Great Patriotic War, government communications played a crucial role in ensuring the operational control of the troops, government agencies and industrial enterprises, and party structures of the country. Without effective government communications, victory over the Nazi invaders would have been much more difficult. Government communications played an important role in ensuring international negotiations between the leaders of the Soviet state. The years of the Great Patriotic War can rightfully be called the most serious test of the effectiveness of Soviet government communications. Signalmen from the NKVD coped with the assigned tasks perfectly, although there were numerous problems and difficulties, including administrative ones.

Marshal of the Soviet Union Ivan Stepanovich Konev recalled:

In general, it must be said that this connection, as they say, was sent to us by God. She helped us out so much that we must pay tribute to both our technology and our signalmen, who specially provided this HF communication and literally on the heels of accompanying everyone who was supposed to use this connection during the movements.

After the victory in the Great Patriotic War, further improvement and strengthening of the government communications system in the Soviet country continued. In the 1950s, in particular, international government communication channels were created connecting Moscow and Beijing, the capitals of two key states of the socialist camp. On August 31, 1963, a government communication line between Moscow and Washington began to operate - the decision to create it was caused by the growth of international tension during the Caribbean crisis.

During the 1970s - 1980s. continued research and development in the field of improving the efficiency of government communications. The leaders of the state and the party began to be provided with means of communication when moving anywhere in the world, which also required considerable efforts from the government communications service.

In parallel with the development of communications itself, the forms of management of government communications bodies were also improved, and the training of personnel was developed. Until the collapse of the USSR, government communications were part of the USSR State Security Committee as the 8th Main Directorate of Government Communications of the KGB of the USSR. For the training of specialists - officers of the government communications troops, by June 1, 1966, the Military Technical School of the KGB of the USSR was created in the city of Bagrationovsk, Kaliningrad Region, and in 1972, due to the need to further develop the system of special education, the school was relocated to Orel and renamed the Oryol Higher Military Command School of Communications, which began training officers with higher education for government communications troops. The term of study at the school was increased from three to four years.

When the Soviet Union ceased to exist in 1991, the country's government communications system also underwent major changes. In connection with the liquidation of the KGB of the USSR, government communications were separated into a separate structure. On December 24, 1991, the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information (FAPSI) was created, which included the former departments of the 8th Main Directorate of Government Communications of the KGB and the 16th Main Directorate of the KGB, which was responsible for electronic intelligence.

Lieutenant General (since 1993 - Colonel General, and since 1998 - Army General) Alexander Vladimirovich Starovoitov, a well-known specialist in the field of government communications, who has long worked as an engineer and manager at the country's largest enterprises engaged in the development of and production of equipment for the needs of government communications. FAPSI, as a separate structure responsible for government communications, existed from 1991 to 2003. and was engaged in providing government communications, the security of encrypted communications, conducting intelligence activities in the field of encrypted and classified communications, and providing information to the authorities of the Russian Federation. The personnel were trained at the Military Institute of Government Communications, which in 2000 was transformed into the FAPSI Academy.

In 2003, FAPSI was abolished, and its functions were distributed between the Federal Security Service, the Foreign Intelligence Service and the Federal Security Service. At the same time, most of the FAPSI divisions, including government communications and the FAPSI Academy, were transferred to the structure of the Federal Security Service. Thus, at present, the Federal Security Service, which includes the Special Communications and Information Service, is responsible for government communications in Russia. The head of the CSSI FSO is ex officio the deputy director of the Federal Security Service.

In modern conditions, given the constant development of information and communication technologies, the effectiveness of government communications depends on regular improvement, tracking the latest trends and developments. At the same time, the human factor continues to play an important role - the highest qualifications, diligence, readiness and ability to keep state secrets are required from government communications employees.

Day of establishment of government communications

Day of the creation of government communications (Day of the creation of "HF communications")

Justification of the date The day of the creation of government communications: June 1, 1931 is officially considered the Day of the creation of government communications in the USSR. On this day, in accordance with the order of the OGPU No. 308/183 of 06/10/1931, the 5th branch of the operational department of the United Main Political Directorate (OGPU) was formed, which was responsible for "high-frequency telephone service."

In fact, the country put into operation its own long-distance high-frequency communication network in 1930 by the Moscow-Kharkov line. The united state political administration (OGPU) under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR has been working on its creation since 1928. The new type of communication received the code name "HF communication".

By 1936, HF communications had been established with 12 administrative centers of the USSR, including Smolensk and Minsk (1932), Gorky and Rostov (1933), Kyiv (1934), and Yaroslavl. Tbilisi and Sevastopol (1936).

The invented high-frequency communication made it possible during the years of the Second World War (1941-1945) to organize the operational management of all fronts, made it possible to control the course of hostilities. Many military operations were successfully carried out thanks to continuous communication with the government.

Immediately after the war, the development of communications continued.

In the 1950s, government international communications were established. The first connection point was the Moscow-Beijing canal. Work continued on the development and creation of new equipment for the means of communication in the field. For this purpose, portable transmission systems, masking and encryption equipment were initially developed.

The 60s were marked by the possibility of using orbital repeaters, the opening of a "hot line" for direct documentary communication "Moscow-Washington". Later similar lines were organized with other states.

In the 70s, the automation of the process of connecting subscribers to a fixed government communication network was completed, more advanced encoders appeared, transported communication centers, and a backup HF radio communication network. The leaders of the state began to be provided with communications when moving anywhere in the world.

In the 80s and subsequent years, technical means appeared in the form of stations for satellite, tropospheric, shortwave and VHF communications, etc.

In 1992, its technical equipment and the personnel serving them were transferred from FAPSI to the Main Security Directorate (GUO) of Russia.

In 1993, by a corresponding decree of the head of state, a legal basis was laid for the activities of government communications and information bodies.

On March 11, 2003, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin signed a decree abolishing the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information. The functions of FAPSI were distributed between the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation and the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. The Special Communications and Information Service (SSSI) was created in the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.

Tasks of CSSS:

providing government representatives with communications in their places of residence;

conducting intelligence work in the field of encryption;

development of special technical means and systems to increase the quality and secrecy of communications;

storage and processing of information, as well as its transfer to institutions located abroad.

Source for creating government communications: Order of the United Main Political Directorate under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated June 10, 1931 No. 308/183

The day of the creation of government communications is celebrated starting with:

Additional information about the holiday: http://svgbdvr.ru/bezopasnost/pravitelstvennoi-svyazi-80-let; http://www.chekist.ru/article/2715

More details about government communications: http://www.sovsekretno.ru/articles/id/3742/

For all government communications holidays, see here:

DAY OF CREATION OF GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATION.

The modern world is completely entangled in a network of various types of communications. Each of them allows you to keep in touch with the environment - meaning, first of all, the human factor - regardless of your location. The most reactive, progressive types today include mobile and Internet communications. Well, a separate niche is occupied by government communications that meet the needs of public administration. Every year on June 1, Russia celebrates .

Photo: Government Communications Day

The history of the holiday Day of the creation of government communications

The holiday dedicated to the emergence of special-purpose telecommunications coincides in terms of dates withChildren's Day for good reason. On June 1, 1931, in the then Soviet era, an international high-frequency communication network was created. The name of this innovation has received the following: HF communication. Its development began back in 1928, so the OGPU (United State Political Administration) took only 3 years to bring the global idea to life by those standards.

The question arises: why, in fact, was this HF communication launched at all? Have there really been no analogues of government communications so far? In fact, there were, of course, but primitive telephone and telegraph communications could not fully satisfy the needs of the state that existed at that time. This was especially true for maintaining the confidentiality of conversations of national importance.

The first connection was established with the Ukrainian Kharkov in order to check the quality of communication. This happened a year before the official launch of telecommunications in the working mode, and the result exceeded all expectations. The created type of communication was based on a special design of telephone sets, in particular, the introduction of a device that provides elementary masking of a conversation from wiretapping by third parties. The next step was the beginning of the development of encryption devices. Finally, the third stage in the development of HF communications was marked by the start of the functioning of AMTS - an automatic long-distance telephone exchange. It was this event that served as a prerequisite for the emergence in the future of such a phenomenon as “automatic connection of subscribers”.

What is the situation around government communications in the 21st century? According to authorized persons, in particular, the press secretary of the head of the Russian Federation Putin V.V. Dmitry Peskov, the current special-purpose telecommunication has a high level of security quality, work in this direction does not stop. And it cannot be otherwise, because in the light of recent events, information leakage is quite a place to be. We are talking about illegal actions taken by the US National Security Agency against the French government, and earlier against Chancellor Angela Merkel.

History of the development of government communications

After the 30s. of the last century, special-purpose telecommunications were created, unique opportunities opened up before the state apparatus of the Soviet Union. The need for their use arose already in the next decade, when the Great Patriotic War began. HF communication was an excellent means of communication for signalmen of the Red Army and specialists of the People's Commissariat of Communications. Thanks to this innovation, many military operations have been successfully completed.

The Presidium of the Interregional Public Mutual Assistance Organization "COMMONWEALTH OF OFFICERS" congratulates the Chairman of the Council of Veterans of the Center for Special Communications and Information of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation in the Voronezh Region, retired Colonel Osadchenko Vladimir Sergeevich, all veterans of the Center for Special Communications and Information of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, military personnel and civilian personnel on their professional holiday - Day of Creation government communications!

With the appearance in the 19th century of means of electrical communication and until the end of the 20s of the 20th century, telecommunications for the needs of public administration in our country were provided mainly through public communication networks. Telegraph communication was the main type of telecommunication. With the vast expanses of Russia, the “wireless telegraph” through radio channels acquired great importance. At the same time, the secrecy of telephone conversations was practically not ensured. Based on this, the United State Political Administration (OGPU) under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in 1928 began to create its own long-distance high-frequency communication network. It was conditionally called "HF communication". It was first installed in 1930 with Kharkov, then the capital of Ukraine, then with other cities, and soon began to be actively used for government, receiving the official name "government high-frequency communications." June 1, 1931 is considered to be the official date for the creation of government long-distance communications - the basis of the future system of government, and then presidential communications. The 1930s are the first years of the history of government communications. The main thing was to solve the problem of protecting information, mainly by creating the simplest devices for masking speech from direct listening in the communication line. Simultaneously with the production of masking devices, the development of complex encryption equipment was carried out. In addition, the development of the first domestic automatic long-distance telephone exchange (AMTS) for HF communications laid the foundation for automating the process of connecting subscribers.

In 1941-1945, government high-frequency communications units, in cooperation with specialists from the People's Commissariat of Communications, signalmen of the Red Army, participated in all operations of the Great Patriotic War, and then the Far Eastern campaign, and completed the tasks assigned to them. The work of high-frequency communications has been repeatedly noted in the orders of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, highly appreciated by prominent military leaders. Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky: “Being the Chief of the General Staff, I could not do for a single minute without high-frequency communications, which, thanks to the high consciousness and skill of signalmen, provided the best operational management of the operating fronts and armies.” Marshal of the Soviet Union I.S. Konev: “In general, it must be said that this connection, as they say, was sent to us by God. She helped us out so much that we must pay tribute to both our technology and our signalmen, who specially provided this HF connection and in any situation, literally on the heels of accompanying everyone who was supposed to use this connection during the movements. In the first post-war years, intense work was carried out to restore and develop government communications. New communication equipment was created, encryption equipment operating on completely new principles. The Kremlin automatic telephone exchange network has become a dedicated network of government urban communications that does not interface with public networks.

In the 1950s, the organization of the HF communication channel Moscow-Beijing began the creation of government international communications. During these years, new equipment was actively created to provide communication in the field. For this purpose, portable transmission systems, masking (later also encryption) equipment were initially developed. In the 1960s, with the development of artificial Earth satellites, it became possible to use orbital repeaters, which reduced the dependence on wire and radio relay lines. October 1962 went down in history as the time of the Caribbean Crisis, which was the culmination of the Cold War and brought humanity to the brink of a nuclear catastrophe. Then the problem was solved by political means, but it became obvious that in such situations a long exchange of views through diplomatic channels is unacceptable. Based on this, on August 31, 1963, the so-called "hot line" of direct documentary communication between Moscow and Washington began to operate. Later, similar lines were organized with the capitals of a number of other states. In order to train officers for the government communications system, on September 27, 1964, the Military Technical School (VTU) of the KGB under the USSR Council of Ministers was established in Bagrationovsk, Kaliningrad Region, with a three-year training period.

In the 1970s, the automation of the process of connecting subscribers to a fixed government communication network was completed, more advanced scramblers, transportable communication centers, and a backup HF radio communication network appeared. The leaders of the state began to be provided with communications when they moved, both within the country and practically anywhere in the world. In the 1980s and subsequent years, despite the difficulties of an economic nature, the development of new technical means continued, in particular, switching equipment for long-distance and urban communications, new generation scramblers, stations and individual technical means of satellite, tropospheric, shortwave and VHF communications, multifunctional nodes communications on armored vehicles and other means.

On June 26, 1990, a communication system for the President of the USSR was created as part of government communications. After the well-known events of August 1991, government and presidential communications operated first as part of the Committee, and then as part of the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information - FAPSI. By decision of the head of state in 1992, the presidential communications system became dedicated: its technical means and the personnel serving them were transferred from FAPSI to the Main Security Directorate (GUO) of Russia (since June 1965, the Federal Security Service - FSO of Russia).

In 1992, on the basis of the OVVKUS, the Military Institute of Government Communications (VIPS) was established. On February 19, 1993, the head of state signed the Law of the Russian Federation "On Federal Bodies of Government Communications and Information". Thus, a comprehensive (together with other laws) legal framework was created for the activities of government communications and information bodies. Since 1999, the training of specialists began at the Voronezh Military Technical School (VVTU), created by a decree of the Government of Russia dated December 15, 1998, on the basis of a separate training center for government communications troops. On April 12, 2000, the Government of Russia transformed the Military Institute of Government Communications in the city of Orel into an academy (now the Academy of the FSO of Russia). According to the order of the Government of Russia dated December 3, 2008, VVTU was transformed into the Institute of Government Communications (a branch of the Academy of the FSO of Russia). The history of government communications is rich in many events. The experience of working in "hot spots" (Afghanistan, the North Caucasus), in extreme situations of man-made disasters, natural disasters is truly invaluable. For example, after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in April 1986, government communications were urgently organized directly with the area of ​​the accident, other points of the state commission. On July 1, 2003, the President of Russia abolished FAPSI, created a new federal state body under the High Security Council of Russia - the Special Communications and Information Service, and on August 7, 2004 included it in the FSO of Russia. Presidential and government communications again began to function within the framework of a single communications system as part of one federal executive body. Thus, in modern conditions, special communications are special-purpose telecommunications (presidential and government communications) for the needs of public administration, that is, the exercise of powers by the President of Russia, officials of state authorities, other state bodies, organizations. Taking into account the trends in the development of telecommunications, cipher building, and computer technology, special communications will be improved to meet their intended purpose, while remaining a reliable means of interdepartmental and interstate information exchange.