Vowels at the end of adverbs

In adverbs with prefixes on-, for-, in- formed from short adjectives, the letter is written at the end O (completely, easily, to the right ), adverbs of the same origin with prefixes to-, from-, from- have a letter at the end A (satiated, long ago, again ). Some adverbs have the prefix With- at the end it is written -y (from a young age, from blindness ).

Spelling O and E in adverb suffixes after sibilants

Under stress it is written O (fresh, hot ), without accent - e (clumsily, burningly )

Soft sign b at the end of adverbs

After the hissing words at the end it is written b: jump up, backwards, backhand . Exceptions: I can't bear to get married .

Spelling negative adverbs with particles NOT and NI

with NOT written together	with NOT written separately	written together with NI	with NI are written separately
nowhere	no use	nowhere	for nothing, for nothing, for nothing
nowhere		nowhere	for nothing, for nothing,
once		never	in no way, in no way
no need		never mind
some		not at all

Continuous writing of adverbs

Written together:

• Adverbs formed by combining adverbs with prepositions ( until, forever, the day after tomorrow ), but combinations of prepositions with unchangeable words used in these cases in the meaning of nouns are written separately ( nullify, pass well, go with a bang ), compare: we hit the road tomorrow(adverb meaning “the next day”) - postponed departure until tomorrow(prepositional combination meaning “for tomorrow”).
• Adverbs formed by conjunction V- And on the- with collective numerals ( doubled, doubled, doubled etc.), but: two by two and so on.
• Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with short adjectives ( red hot, rashly, briefly ).
• Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with full adjectives (come up close, search blindly) and pronouns ( at all, draw ), but combinations of the preposition in with full adjectives starting with a vowel are written separately (play openly), as well as some formations with the preposition on ( to the side, to the world, to the back ).
• Adverbs containing such nouns or such nominal forms that are not used in modern literary language ( plenty, locked up, in reality, early in the morning etc.), with few exceptions: fully armed, loudly.
• Adverbs, if between the prefix-prefix and the noun from which the adverb is formed, a definition (adjective, pronoun, numeral) cannot be inserted without changing the meaning, or if a case question cannot be posed to the noun, for example: run skipping, speak vying with each other, refuse flatly . Compare: continuous writing of adverbs and separate writing of prepositional-case combinations: pronounce stretch - give shoes to stretch(cf.: repeated stretching), put your cap on one side - turn on your side(cf.: on the right side); to be scared to death - to fight for life and death and so on.
• Adverbs with spatial and temporal meaning, containing nouns: top, bottom, front, back, height, distance, depth, width, beginning, century. Although some of them can be preceded by a defining word ( forward, backward, down, above, away, first etc.). These words are usually written separately only if there are explanatory words for the specified nouns in the sentence itself ( deep into centuries, into the distance foggy, at first of the year, forever eternal, etc.).

Spelling adverbs

An adverb is a part of speech around which there have been ongoing discussions in Russian linguistics over the past three centuries. Even A. A. Barsov (1730–1791), the author of the first “Russian Grammar”, believed that the etymological meaning of the term “adverb” (in Latin ADVERBUM - “preverb”, from the word VERBUM - “verb”) does not correspond to the real functions this part of speech in the language, because adverbs are also used before an adjective and before other adverbs. Consider examples:

DRAW BEAUTIFULLY (adverb + verb)

VERY BEAUTIFUL (adverb + adjective)

VERY HARD (adverb + adverb)

In the 19th century, scholarly opinions about this part of speech were more radically divided. K. S. Aksakov and F. I. Buslaev believed that such a part of speech does not exist at all. But A. A. Potebnya “returned” the adverb to the morphology of the Russian language, and academician A. A. Shakhmatov even believed that the adverb occupies a central place in the system of parts of speech. The reason for these disputes is that words, which are usually called adverbs, are formed from words of other parts of speech (from nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, verbs) and are very similar to them. Consider a few examples:

the adverb TOVSTRECHU (“sail /where?/ towards the wind”) was formed from the combination of the preposition ON with the noun VSTRECHU (“to be late for a meeting with a colleague”);

the adverb IN OUR way (“everything turned out / how?/ in our way”) was formed from a combination of the preposition ON and the pronoun NASHEMU (“in our case”);

the adverb KRASIVO (“to speak /how?/beautifully”) is very similar to the short adjective KRASIVO (“the evening sea /what?/beautiful”).

Sometimes when a word passes from any part of speech into an adverb, it completely retains its spelling. This happened with the adverb BEAUTIFUL. But it happens that a newly formed adverb changes its graphic appearance in comparison with the original word or combination of words: it is written with a hyphen (IN OUR WAY) or together (TO WAY). This is precisely what causes difficulties when choosing the correct spelling of adverbs.

Continuous, hyphenated and separate spelling of adverbs depends on how they were formed. Let's consider each of the spelling options in order.

CONCLUSION adverbs are written in six cases:

If the adverb was formed relatively long ago and it contains nominal forms that are not currently used in the literary language, for example: VODOVOL, SHARED, LOCKED, AWAY, BACK, BACK, BY SPIDGE, SILENTLY, ZAPANIBRATA, FLIGHT, HASHY, ALERT, ON AN ETOSHCHAC, NEVPOPAD, EARLY, EARLY etc. In other words, the adverb VDREBEZGI is written together, since there is no form of DREBEZGI in the modern literary language.

If an adverb was formed by combining a prefix with another adverb, for example: VERY, FOR FREE, FOREVER, THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW, EVERYWHERE, IN ADVANCE, etc. Let's take a closer look at the last word: the prefix FOR is added to the adverb EARLIER, and a more complex adverb IN ADVANCE is formed, which, naturally, is written together .

If an adverb is formed by combining a preposition with an adjective. Both full and short forms can participate in the formation of adverbs. Full adjectives answer the questions WHAT?, WHAT?, WHAT?, WHAT?, in the nominative case. For example, the adverb from the phrase MADE BY MANUAL was formed by merging the preposition B with the adjective MANUAL (in the nominative case - MANUAL). In a similar way, the adverbs TIGHT, SCATTERED, DARK, CLEAR, etc. appeared. Short adjectives answer in the nominative case the questions WHAT?, WHAT?, WHAT? and WHAT ARE THERE? and have truncated endings compared to full adjectives, compare: HOT (answers the question WHAT? - this is the full form) and HOT-A ​​(answers the question WHAT? - this is the short form). For example, an adverb that was created by merging the preposition C and the short adjective HOT must be written together. In a similar way, the adverbs LEFT, DRY, DEAD, FROM A FAR, QUICKLY, LITTLE, LOWLY, SLOWLY were formed.

If an adverb was formed by combining a preposition with a noun, but between the preposition and the noun from which the adverb was formed, a defining adjective, pronoun, numeral cannot be inserted without changing the meaning, or if a case question cannot be posed to the noun: IN ADDITION, FORD, VLET, AGAIN, TRULY, AROUND, FOLLOWING, SIDEWAY, INTERBEND, FLIGHT, FIT (SUIT), ON TIME (ARRIVE), SIDEWAY (PUT ON A HAT), TOWARD, RIGHT AWAY, HEADWAY (BREAK), IN SPITE, BY MEMORY (LEARN), FORWARD, HALF, INTERCEPT, ON SHOW, FINALLY, FOR EXAMPLE, RENTED, CHANTED, ALONG, FORCED, RANDOMLY, THE MORNING (RETURN), IN A ROW, Occasionally, etc. This does not apply to words that are formed from the nouns TOP, BOTTOM, FRONT, BACK, HIGH, DAL , CENTURY, BEGINNING and have spatial or temporal significance. Despite the possibility of placing a defining word in front of some of them, they are written together, for example: UP, UP, UP, UP, UP, TOP; DOWN, BELOW, BOTTOM, BOTTOM, BOTTOM; FORWARD, FORWARD; BACK; UP; IN THE DISTANCE, IN THE DISTANCE, IN THE DISTANCE; FOREVER, FOREVER, FOREVER, FOREVER, FOREVER; FIRST, FIRST.

If an adverb was formed by combining a preposition with a pronoun, for example: BECAUSE, THEN, THEREFORE, THEREFORE, AT ALL, Draw. AT ALL.

If the adverb was formed by combining the preposition B or NA with collective numerals. Numerals in Russian are divided into three groups: quantitative (for example, TWO, FIVE, TEN), ordinal (SECOND, FIFTH, TENTH) and collective (TWO, FIVE, TEN). In accordance with the rule, adverbs formed only from the numerals of the last group are written together, for example: DOUBLE, TWO, SIX. The spelling of adverbs formed from numerals of other types will be discussed below.

The adverb is written WITH A HYPHEN in four cases.

If it is formed by repetition of the same word (for example, QUICKLY-QUICKLY), the same stem (CROSS-CROSS) or synonymous words (QUIETLY-PEACEFULLY).

If an adverb is formed from full adjectives and pronouns ending in -OMU, -EMU, -TSKI, -SKI, -I using the prefix ON, for example: IN A NEW WAY, IN YOUR WAY, IN GERMAN, IN RUSSIAN, IN- BIRD.

If an adverb is formed from an ordinal number ending with -ИХ or -ИХ, using the prefix B or VO, for example: SECOND, FIFTH.

If an adverb is formed with the help of particles that are always written with a hyphen: -THAT, -EITHER, -SOMETHING, SOMETHING, -SO. Such adverbs are called indefinite, for example: SOMEWHERE, SOMEWHERE, ANYWAY, SOMEWHERE.

Adverbs that are written separately, it is more fair to call adverbial combinations, since these are combinations of words that belong to other parts of speech and have only acquired some characteristics of adverbs. Perhaps some time will pass, and they will turn into full-fledged adverbs and will be written in the dictionary with a hyphen or even together, but now such words have only just embarked on the path of becoming adverbs. Among adverbial combinations written separately, four groups can be distinguished.

The first group includes combinations of nouns with various prepositions, in which the noun has retained at least some case forms. Consider the following examples: SHATTING, SQUATTING; ABROAD, ABROAD, FROM ABROAD; AT HOME, AT HOME; TO MEMORY, BY MEMORY; IN CONSCIENCE, IN CONSCIENCE; BY HAND, NOT BY HAND; UNDER THE ARMPITS, UNDER THE ARMPITS, UNDER THE ARMMIT, UNDER THE ARMMIT, FROM UNDER THE ARMMITS; ON BAIL, ON BAIL. An adverb is an unchangeable part of speech: it is not inflected or conjugated. But if a word has several case forms, then it is not an adverb and it must be written separately with the preposition.

The second group of adverbial combinations, which are written separately, consists of a preposition ending with a consonant and a noun beginning with a vowel. For example: IN AN HUG, ALONE, IN REVENGE, AT POINT POINT, AT PLEASE, WITHOUT RESISTANCE, WITHOUT TIRED and others.

The third group consists of adverbial combinations, consisting of two repeated nouns, sometimes with a preposition between them. For example: HONOR WITH HONOR, ODD WITH ERROR, SIDE BY SIDE, EYE TO EYE, DOOR TO DOOR.

The fourth group is a less clearly defined set of combinations of nouns with prepositions that are used in an adverbial meaning or are simply similar to adverbs because they answer the question HOW?. For example: WITHOUT KNOWING, WITHOUT A REQUEST, WITHOUT LOOKING BACK, WITHOUT PURPOSES, WITHOUT TIRED, IN THE INSOLE, TO THE DEATH, TO DEATH, ON THE RUN, IN VIEW, AT THE EYE, ON THE RUN, ON THE WALK and others. The spelling of such words must be memorized, and if in doubt, seek help from a spelling dictionary.

It is necessary to remember the exception words that are written differently than indicated in the rule: IN THE OPEN, ON THE MOUNTAIN, IN LATIN, EXACTLY.

EXERCISE

There are not many clamps and carts, it will be necessary to start all this in winter, both well and happily. [A. A. Fet. Autumn chores]

One of the four ears hung completely like a dog. [YU. Mamleev. End of the World/Black Mirror]

I would like to leave you something as a souvenir. [A. S. Pushkin. Kirdzhali]

You need to prepare for the exit in advance (especially if there are a lot of passengers). [Rules of conduct in ground transport]

Following her, a German doctor, in a black caftan and a scholarly wig, entered, felt Natasha’s pulse and announced in Latin, and then in Russian, that the danger had passed. [A. S. Pushkin. Moor of Peter the Great]

They began to live and get along with Valyusha, and little by little it began to dawn on them that they were complete strangers to each other. [IN. Shukshin. My husband's wife accompanied him to Paris]

Yes, there was discipline then, not like now, and they worked conscientiously, sparing no effort.. [O. Glushkin. Last flight]

I immediately feel cold, although I am dressed in a warm monkey blanket and a fur hat, over which I also have a Budyonnovka cap, and a woolen shawl tied crosswise. [A. Chudakov. Darkness falls on the old steps]

I need money not the day after tomorrow, but today. [A. P. Chekhov. Bear]

He was tired of getting ready to go abroad every day and really wanted to go home to his place in Novoselki. [A. P. Chekhov. Compensation disorder]

For a cup of wine you pay five times, six times more than in a tavern. [F. M. Dostoevsky. Notes from a Dead House]

We need to see the world in a new way. [YU. Olesha. Notes of the writer]

The children who were rolling on the ice rushed scattered onto the shore like sparrows. [D. Mamin-Sibiryak. Bad Comrade]

The bell rings on the front porch: an aristocratic figure, a decent suit, rented. [IN. Gilyarovsky. Moscow and Muscovites]

The connections are severed, the secret is forever lost... the secret is born! [A. Bits. Notes of a goy]

The school director wrote him a pass in German to the city, to the army headquarters. [A. N. Tolstoy. Strange story]

All the boats were smashed to pieces, into splinters, the last remnants were scattered across the sky and sea. [B. Zhitkov. Geography lesson]

And we waited for you until seven o’clock, then we decided that you wouldn’t come at all. [A. P. Chekhov. Cripple]

Secondly, it was much more important than first. [E. Limonov. We had the Epoch Times]

The Frenchman did not have that kind of money and went home, eating poorly. [IN. Shukshin. Aliens]

Along the pavement, close to each other, shimmering with varnish and filling the night with the hubbub of horns and radios, slowly, in several rows, endless lines of cars of strange foreign breeds crawled. [WITH. Gandlevsky.<НРЗБ>]

Just recently, in the center of Leningrad, on Kamenny Island, children going to school in the morning saw two moose wandering under the trees. [AND. Sokolov-Mikitov. Moose]

Mikhail the Brave walked alongside the others, like a simple warrior. [N. M. Karamzin. Marfa Posadnitsa]

They are all familiar with each other; They wore their clothes around so you wouldn’t know who was a corporal and who was a general. [M. N. Zagoskin. Roslavlev]

Because of this, he often answers incoherently, sometimes at random, and the objects getting in the way in his head further increase his timidity. [N. V. Gogol. Nevsky Avenue]

A man lives openly, doesn’t hide from people, doesn’t do harm to others, and helps whomever he can according to his strength and ability. [P. P. Bazhov. Circular lantern]

Little by little her tired head bowed: the poor girl had not slept for several nights, never leaving her sick brother, and now dozed off slightly. [IN. M. Garshin. The Tale of the Toad and the Rose]

Don’t think that he’s on an empty stomach, no, he crushed two pounds of rolls in the morning and had lunch at noon, as he should. [M. Bitter. In people]

I suppose you’re not writing for nothing, for money! [A. P. Chekhov. At Christmas time]

There was melancholy in his eyes, and a chessboard under his arm. [IN. Vysotsky. About the game of chess]

For example, there are no cockroaches in our dining room! [IN. Vysotsky. Dolphins again]

The population lived quietly. [Sasha Cherny. Soldier's Tales / Peaceful War]

She tapped them and they flew off, just like paint from old mannequins. [L. Ulitskaya. Journey to the seventh side of the world]

Their types and images are different, but the root of good is the same everywhere, for nature is unchanged nowhere. [A. N. Radishchev. Having laid an insurmountable barrier...]

– What do you think love is? – the girl asked. [A. A. Fet. Cactus]

A? Who sent you, who benefits from this! [IN. Vysotsky. Dolphins again]

Truly, the blood stops and the brain is poisoned by the mere thought that people with such criminal intentions breathe the same air and are similar to us in their external appearance. [N. Eidelman. Letter to the Tsar]

The work at the dispensary, as in any other institution, was carried out in an extremely routine and senseless manner. [L. Ulitskaya. Daughter of Bukhara]

Finally I will be an accountant! [A. P. Chekhov. From the diary of an assistant accountant]

During assembly, many parts had to be recast and resharpened, adjusted, and cleaned manually. [A. Beck. Talent]

We walked with honor, as much as was enough for our wealth. [P. P. Bazhov. Circular lantern]

When the sovereign was still in Vilna, the army was divided into three... [L. N. Tolstoy. War and Peace]

When they died, it was bitter and hard for him, and when they grew up, they left him to struggle alone with severe need. [IN. G. Korolenko. Makar's Dream]

Some transporter will grab a lamb somewhere on the way out of the factory, and then slowly lead it behind his cart. [P. P. Bazhov. Vasina Mountain]

Malchish sits by the chimney on the roof, and Malchish sees an unfamiliar horseman galloping from afar. [A. Gaidar. A tale about a military secret, Malchisha-Kibalchisha and his firm word]

Life is life, and if some issue cannot be resolved, a person lives with this issue side by side. [IN. Makanin. Sur in Proletarsky district]

An order followed to give Khabarov two hundred rubles a year in addition to his salary. [AND. A. Goncharov. A vicissitude of fate]

The women swore loudly and pushed each other with their wallets. [D. Kharms. The start of a very nice summer day]

The opponents played in a draw. [A. Beck. Talent]

Those three looked at her intently, as you can only look at your friend. [Georgy Vladimov. We all deserve better]

You need to peel, then roll in crushed breadcrumbs and fry until dry so that they crunch on your teeth. [A. P. Chekhov. Ivanov]

In the bow of the vessel, behind the face, there is a cockpit with two round transoms glazed with aircraft glass. [IN. Astafiev. King Fish]

Often what is put on display is not really there. [IN. Postnikov. Why does the snake have such a long neck?]

Sitting high on a tree branch, holding a cone in their front paws, the squirrels quickly gnaw out the seeds from it, dropping the scales spinning in the air, throwing the gnawed resinous core onto the snow. [AND. Sokolov-Mikitov. Squirrels]

The father, in retaliation for switching the program, talked about space aliens - the most hated topic for the mother. [A. Bits. Forest]

But here I am, twice your age, and I can’t figure out life. [A. Averchenko. Expert of a woman's heart]

Subject: Combined and separate writing of prefixes in adverbs formed from nouns and cardinal numerals.

1 lesson

Lesson type: learning new material

1. Editing text.

There are spelling errors in adverbs in this text. Correct mistakes, explain the spelling of adverbs graphically. (Work is organized in pairs.)

(up And(down .

(for) two (c) chatter broke glassware.

(ByA. Illuminatorskaya )

2. Pay attention to the adverbs in italics in the text. What parts of speech are they derived from? How? How are these adverbs written?

Adverbs formed from nouns, adjectives and numerals can be written not only with a hyphen, but together and separately. The topic of our lesson is “Combined and separate writing of prefixes in adverbs formed from nouns, adjectives and cardinal numerals.” Formulate the goals of our activities in the lesson.

3. Working with the table.

with a pretextV and root-floor-.

flatly, skipping, shoulder

(Compare:stretch sideways - push in(right)side)

in short and complete form

close, blind

to a vowel

openly

with prefixes in-, on-

twice, in two

with prefix

three, seven, two

Let's return to the text. How are the highlighted adverbs written? Give reasons for your answer.

4. To the words given in ex. 282 select cognate adverbs, explaining their spelling. Make and write sentences with any three adverbs. Underline the adverbs as parts of the sentence and show their category.

5. -A particular difficulty in writing is the spelling of homonymous parts of speech. Pay attention to the sentences and explain the spelling of the highlighted words.

According to winter Heavy snow clouds floated across the sky. Winds in Februaryin winter cold.

Now explain in the same way the combined and separate spelling of the highlighted words in the following sentences.

(B)gave a vague light shone.

(B)gave The rye field was darkened by the forest.

How to distinguish adverbs from homonymous nouns with prepositions?

6. exercise 285: Write down only phrases with adverbs, denoting the main and dependent words. Explain the spelling of adverbs and those words with brackets that were left unwritten.

7. "The fourth wheel"

A)(at first , (with) evil, (with) interest, (with) raid;

b) (c) moment, (to) the dacha,(for eyes , (k)top;

V)(c)will , (in) alone, (without) fatigue, (by) eye.

8. Independent work on exercise. 284. (Make up phrases or sentences with separate and continuous spelling of words: (at) the end, etc.)

9. Homework: essay based on the words given in the textbook frame p. 116.

10. Reflection. Game "I'll start, you continue."

Adverbs formed from nouns, adjectives and numerals can be written... (The answer is continued by several students)

Lesson 2

Lesson type: consolidation of learned material

Lesson form: lesson-competition

1. Checking homework: several students read essays on key words, analyze and evaluate their work.

Further work in the lesson is organized in groups. A competition lesson is being held. The winners receive the title "Adverb Experts". For completing each task, the group receives a certain number of points.

2. Game “I work as a wizard” (10 points)

The essence of the game is as follows: students need to compose and write down word combinations in which the words given below would be written both together and separately.

(In) time, (to) meet, (in) depth, (behind) that, (in) empty.

After completing the task, a mutual check is carried out.

3. Game “Help Petya Oshibkin” (Each group gets its own task) (1 point)

a) Petya Oshibkin wrote the adverb bok (o) bok with a hyphen. He explained the spelling of this word as follows: “This adverb is formed by repeating roots, so it is written with a hyphen.” Do you agree with this answer or not? Give reasons for your answer.

b) In a sentence(In) the distance the road climbed (in) the top of the mountain Petya Oshibkin explained the spelling of words with brackets as follows: “Away and up are adverbs, so both words are written together.” Do you agree with Petya's opinion? Give reasons for your answer.

c) Petya Oshibkin explained the spelling of the words (by) five, (by) seven, (by) three as follows: “Pyatero, seven, three are adverbs formed from collective cardinal numerals, so they are written together.” Is Petya right?

d) In a sentenceSome force (un)expectedly picked him up and carried him back (to) the top Petya Oshibkin explained the spelling of words with brackets as follows: “The adverb is unexpectedly written together, since without is not used, and the noun top with the preposition on is written separately.” Do you agree with Petya?

4. Game "Exchange of Courtesies" (2 points): groups offer their neighbors 2 adverbs with which they need to make sentences. During the test, explain the spelling of adverbs.

5. Game "Literacy" (8 points): the game is based on the principle of selective dictation. The teacher dictates sentences, students write down phrases with adverbs and explain the spelling of adverbs.

1) Where there are more than two, they speak out loud. 2) They don’t look for grief ahead. 3) Every person looks forward. 4) The mouse threatens the cat, but from afar. 5) Work on the fly until you sweat. 6) It’s light overseas, but here it will be brighter. 7) On the other side, the homeland is doubly miles away. 8) He will say along, but will do across. 9) Good work will never die.

6. Test. 10 points. (Students can use a spelling dictionary)

1) (c)single 2) (c)steep 3) (c)open 4) (c)girth

1) looked (in) the distance 2) disappeared (in) the foggy distance 3) was seen (in) the distance

1) (c) additions 2) (c) row 3) (c) revenge 4) (c) dead end

1) (without)holding 2) (c)tight 3) (without)tiring 4) (c)loose

5. Indicate the answer option with separate spelling:

1) (c) distillation 2) (c) three 3) (c) double 4) (c) exchange

1) (in) empty 2) (by) eye 3) (by) running 4) (by) wear

1) (on) the inside out 2) (on) the leak 3) (on) the move 4) (on) the plow

1) (on) the fly 2) (at) a gallop 3) (during) time 4) (with) a run

1) (in)proc 2) (on)strongly 3) (without)knowledge 4) (on)top

1) (for) glory 2) (for) eyes 3) (to) place 4) (in) two

Answers. 1-2, 2-2, 3-1, 4-4, 5-4, 6-1, 7-3, 8-3, 9-3, 10-4.

Summing up the competition. Winner's reward ceremony.

7. Homework: prepare for the test on the topic “Adverb”, ex. 286.

8. Reflection.

9. Lesson summary.

I remembered this clear spring day and warm summer day for a long time. In some places barely noticeable green leaves have already appeared. The city looked new. Firstly, the breeze was blowing a little, secondly, almost all the windows were wide open, thirdly, the sun was shining royally, but not hotly, but gently, kindly. There were apparently invisible sparrows on the paths, and they were still scurrying about(up And(down .

But suddenly the sky darkened. The disheveled clouds did not crawl carelessly, not sloppily. At first a faint lightning flashed and cut(for) two dark gray sky. Then a strong clap of thunder scared the birds, as if someone was somewhere(c) chatter broke glassware.

And the downpour poured in, as if a curtain fell to the ground and covered everything around. The city disappeared somewhere, and muddy streams of water hurriedly ran through the streets.

It rained for a long time, and in the morning the washed city looked festive and cheerful.

(ByA. Illuminatorskaya )

Correct spelling errors of adverbs and explain graphically.

I remembered this clear spring day and warm summer day for a long time. In some places barely noticeable green leaves have already appeared. The city looked new. Firstly, the breeze was blowing a little, secondly, almost all the windows were wide open, thirdly, the sun was shining royally, but not hotly, but gently, kindly. There were apparently invisible sparrows on the paths, and they were still scurrying about(up And(down .

But suddenly the sky darkened. The disheveled clouds did not crawl carelessly, not sloppily. At first a faint lightning flashed and cut(for) two dark gray sky. Then a strong clap of thunder scared the birds, as if someone was somewhere(c) chatter broke glassware.

And the downpour poured in, as if a curtain fell to the ground and covered everything around. The city disappeared somewhere, and muddy streams of water hurriedly ran through the streets.

It rained for a long time, and in the morning the washed city looked festive and cheerful.

(ByA. Illuminatorskaya )

Correct spelling errors of adverbs and explain graphically.

I remembered this clear spring day and warm summer day for a long time. In some places barely noticeable green leaves have already appeared. The city looked new. Firstly, the breeze was blowing a little, secondly, almost all the windows were wide open, thirdly, the sun was shining royally, but not hotly, but gently, kindly. There were apparently invisible sparrows on the paths, and they were still scurrying about(up And(down .

But suddenly the sky darkened. The disheveled clouds did not crawl carelessly, not sloppily. At first a faint lightning flashed and cut(for) two dark gray sky. Then a strong clap of thunder scared the birds, as if someone was somewhere(c) chatter broke glassware.

And the downpour poured in, as if a curtain fell to the ground and covered everything around. The city disappeared somewhere, and muddy streams of water hurriedly ran through the streets.

It rained for a long time, and in the morning the washed city looked festive and cheerful.

(ByA. Illuminatorskaya )

Test on the topic “Consolid and separate writing of prefixes in adverbs formed from nouns and cardinal numerals”

(Students can use a spelling dictionary)

1. Indicate the answer option with continuous spelling:

1) (in)alone

2) (c)cool

3) (c) open

4) (c) girth

2. Indicate the answer option with separate spelling:

1) looked (into) the distance

2) disappeared (in) the foggy distance

3) could be seen (in) the distance

3. Indicate the answer option with continuous spelling:

1) (c)additives

2) (in) row

3) (in) revenge

4) (c)deadlock

4. Indicate the answer option with continuous spelling:

1) (without)holding

2) (c) tight

3) (un)tired

4) (c) loose

5. Indicate the answer option with separate spelling :

1) (c) distillation

2) (c) three

3) (c) double

4) (c) exchange

6. Indicate the answer option with continuous spelling:

1) (c) empty

2) (by) eye

3) (on) the run

4) (for) wear

7. Indicate the answer option with separate spelling:

1) (inside out)

2) (on) leaked

3) (on) the go

4) (to) plow

8. Indicate the answer option with continuous spelling:

1) (on) the fly

2) (at) gallop

3) (during) time

4) (c)running

9. Indicate the answer option with separate spelling:

1) (c)proc

2) (on) firmly

3) (without) knowledge

4) (to) top

10. Indicate the answer option with continuous spelling:

1) (for) glory

2) (behind) the eyes

3) (to) place

4) (c) two

not used without prepositions in modern Russian

to pieces, stealthily, run away

with prepositions without, before, under, in, on, for, with.

without knowledge, to failure, in the old days, on the run, after midnight

with a pretextV and root-floor-.

to a vowel if the preposition ends with a consonant.

in arms, tirelessly, without looking back

You cannot insert a definition inside an adverb

flatly, skipping, shoulder

(Compare:stretch sideways - push in(right)side)

from two nouns with prepositions

in the end, side by side, from century to century

preposition in, on + plural noun.the other day, in our hearts, in our joys

Adverbs formed from adjectives

in short and complete form

close, blind

to a vowel

openly

Adverbs formed from collective cardinal numerals

with prefixes in-, on-

twice, in two

with prefix

three, seven, two

Adverbs with spatial and temporal meaning

above, up, away, in the beginning

Together

Apart

Adverbs formed from nouns

not used without prepositions in modern Russian

to pieces, stealthily, run away

with prepositions without, before, under, in, on, for, with.

without knowledge, to failure, in the old days, on the run, after midnight

with a pretextV and root-floor-.

to a vowel if the preposition ends with a consonant.

in arms, tirelessly, without looking back

You cannot insert a definition inside an adverb

flatly, skipping, shoulder

(Compare:stretch sideways - push in(right)side)

from two nouns with prepositions

in the end, side by side, from century to century

preposition in, on + plural noun.the other day, in our hearts, in our joys

Adverbs formed from adjectives

in short and complete form

close, blind

to a vowel

openly

Adverbs formed from collective cardinal numerals

with prefixes in-, on-

twice, in two

with prefix

three, seven, two

Adverbs with spatial and temporal meaning

above, up, away, in the beginning

65 interactive exercises
15 text dictations

240 roots

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Write with one H:

easier n oh Sunday, come on n th guest, uninvited n th guest, guests n oh, guests n dude, guests n itza, guests n oh, Zlatokova n oh, put me in jail n y father, name n oh brother, in the wind n oh, come on n oh man, come on n oh, wise n oh, fancy n oh, you're smart n oh, yu n oh, blushing n oh, drinking n oh, right n oh, oh my god n oh, yay n oh, rya n oh, sir n oh, chewy n oh, kova n oh, cool n oh, var n ik, dra n hic, work harder n ik, muche n hic, work harder n itza, muche n itza, silver n ik, silverless n IR, oil n Itza, Kostya n ika, powder n Itza, Olsha n ik, puta n itsa, peat bog, length, isti n A.

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Spelling adverbs

Vowels A And O at the end of adverbs

Adverbs with prefixes in-, for-, on-, have a letter at the end O, and adverbs of the same origin with prefixes to-, from-, from- have a letter at the end A. For example: to the right, before dark, firmly; enough, occasionally, again.

Such adverbs are formed from adjectives in a prefix-suffix way, and they must be distinguished from adverbs that have the same prefixes, but formed in a suffix way: orally O(oral), verbatim O(verbatim), correct O(serviceable).

Adverbs of hissing

At the end of adverbs after sibilants it is written b.

For example: backhand, wide open, away. Exceptions: already, married, unbearable.

In total, there are 9 adverbs for this rule in the Russian language.: wide open, completely, completely, away, unbearably, backhanded, backwards, galloping, exactly. You can just learn these words. But if some new word with a hiss at the end is added, it will have to be written according to the given rule.

Not And neither in pronominal negative adverbs

In negative adverbs it is written under stress Not, without accent - neither, in both cases these are prefixes and they are written together: nowhere, nowhere, no place, nowhere, no time, never, nowhere, nowhere, no way, not at all, no matter, no reason (aimless); also not at all, not at all.

For example: once do trifles - never" did not bother with trifles; in summer not"where was playing - children nowhere" didn't play; not"where wait for news - not at all "yes" no news came. See also Using the particle NOT and Using the particle NI

Letters n and nn in adverbs

Continuous writing of adverbs

1. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with an adverb are written together, for example: completely, forever, through, the day before yesterday, from the outside, hardly, the day after tomorrow.

Note 1. Separately written combinations of prepositions with unchangeable words, used in these cases in the meaning of nouns, should be distinguished from such adverbs. Wed: For tomorrow the patient felt better (felt when?, in the meaning of the adverb). - The meeting is scheduled for tomorrow(scheduled for what time? when?, in the meaning of a noun).

2. Adverbs formed by combining the prepositions in and on with collective numerals are written together, for example: doubled, tripled, quadrupled, in two (but: in twos), in three (but: in threes, Also one by one).

3. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with short adjectives are written together, for example: to the left, for a long time, tightly, red-hot, for a long time, to the right, for a long time, in vain, nearby.

Note. There is a difference between the continuous spelling of some adverbs of this type and the separate spelling of prepositional-nominal combinations. Wed: To the people a lot happens here every day. - He doesn't come here a lot months (presence of a controlled word).

4. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with full adjectives and pronouns are written together, for example: close (to approach), scattered (to rush), manually (to do), blindly (to wander), in the dark (to play), outright (to be dismissed), to a draw (to play), with all might (to swing), recklessly, at random, probably for the first time.

Note. Adverbs of this type are written separately, composed of the preposition in and an adjective starting with a vowel, for example: in the open, in general.

5. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with nouns are written together, for example: forward, sideways, sometimes, in person, backwards, in starts, at random, in addition, on the contrary, involuntarily, soft-boiled, squatted.

Adverbs of this type include:

a) Words with different adverbial meanings, containing such nouns or such nominal forms that are not used in modern literary language: close, in plenty, in pursuit, to pieces, on loan, in return, locked up, in starts, passionately, at random, at random, crookedly, for rent, inside, inside, personally, at home, waddle, racing, in front, alternately, mixed up, swimming, waddle, in a hurry, at a glance, half-hungry, at a loss, half-awake, waddle, by surprise, apart, seriously, at a gallop, casually, soft-boiled, old-fashioned, on the sly, in a hurry, at exorbitant prices, alien, completely, married (from the old form of wine. fall.), familiar, from within, from time immemorial , confession, from under the brows, on the sly, from time immemorial, ucnolu, from time immemorial, askew, in defiance, backwards, bitterly, topsy-turvy, backwards, to the ground, by heart, obliquely, obliquely, at random, backhand, race, in defiance, contrary, contrary, on the spot, straight, in great demand , out, out of the blue, wide open, on guard, on an empty stomach, at random, on the run, on the alert, in reality, unknowingly, by chance, unbearably, at random, to the ground, rightly so, behind, by hearsay, at a distance, across, in half, in the afternoon, foolishly, behind, outside, early , sleepy, sleepy, too much, etc..

b) Words with different adverbial meanings, if between the preposition (prefix) and the noun from which the adverb is formed, a defining adjective, pronoun, numeral cannot be inserted without changing the meaning, or if a case question cannot be posed to the noun: in addition, wade, fly in, to your heart's content, to your heart's content (eat), puff (smoke), completely (to be exhausted), together, instantly, saddle (wear a coat), at a loss, again, truly, around, after, at odds, at the bend, right up, just in time (suit), on time (to arrive), subsequently, half, really, has the right (to do so), for future use, at random, at random, at random, at odds, at random, at stretch, hardly, quickly, out loud, dry, secretly, openly, for nothing, married, at once, in a row, by the way, on one side (put on a hat), towards, protruded, right through, out, out, out, out, out, at attention, head on (break), out of spite, by heart (learn), inside out, the day before, finally, on the contrary, flatly, vying with each other, at the ready, half, vying with each other, intercepting, ostentatiously, finally, for example, for hire, all the way through, right through, wide open, chanting, along with, forcefully, to the death (stand; but: not for life, but for death), at random, in the morning (return), frankly, unbearably, sideways (to live), from time to time, partly, sideways, in a row, sometimes, involuntarily, one by one, in the morning, sideways, too, shoulder-to-shoulder (cut), at once, from time to time, in a row.

Note 1. Many of these words, depending on the context (the presence of explanatory words) and meaning, act as a combination of a preposition with a noun and are written separately. Wed: wade - enter a ford; to be truly (really) happy - to believe in the truth; has the right to act this way - not to doubt the right to do so; break completely - put on the head; act secretly (secretly) - keep secret (secret); learn by heart - give as a gift; to do out of spite - to complain about evil and injustice; speak stretched (stretching out words) - give the boots to stretch (cf.: in a repeated stretch), lean to one side - turn on the side (cf.: on the right side), sideways - from side to side; live side by side - live side by side; stand to death - go to death; return the next morning (in the morning) - move to the morning; not to see from birth - thirty years old; too much - more than three meters; contrary to someone else's opinion - getting into a cut on the arm.

c) Words with spatial and temporal meaning, containing the nouns top, bottom, before, back, height, distance, century, beginning, despite the possibility of placing a defining word in front of some of them: up, up, up, to the top, up, above; down, below, down, to the bottom, below; forward, ahead; back; up; into the distance, away, from a distance; forever, forever, forever, forever, forever; at first, at first; but if there are explanatory words for the corresponding nouns, the specified words are written separately, for example: to the top of the mountain, to the heights of heaven, to the distance of the steppes, to the blue distance, forever and ever, at the beginning of life, from the beginning of the school year.

Note 1. The possibility of inserting a defining word (cf.: up - to the very top) does not indicate their separate spelling. These words are written separately only if there is an explanatory word for the specified nouns in the sentence itself or according to the meaning of the context, for example: to the bottom of the dress, into the depths of the ocean, into the foggy distance, at the beginning of autumn, forever and ever, forever and ever, repeat the lesson from the beginning (i.e. “from the beginning”, not “from the beginning”). Wed: Science is studied from the beginning, friendship is cherished from the beginning(proverb). But: We need to start all over again(meaning “again, again, once again”).

Note 2. Many of the words given in this paragraph can be used as prepositions with a controlled noun, and in these cases the continuous spelling is preserved, for example: There was a light visible at the bottom of the door(i.e. the light came from under the door, and did not illuminate the bottom of the door). There was a date at the top of the letter.(the meaning of the adverbial preposition is perceived, and not the objective meaning of “top of the letter”). Wed. Also: to be at the top of bliss, to feel at the top of well-being(with a figurative meaning of the word above), stop in the middle of the road, etc.

6. Many adverbs of a professional nature and colloquial style with the prefix v- and the final syllable -ku are written together, for example: catching up, tightening, rolling, wrapping, wrapping, scurrying, waddling, waddling, overturning, racing, interspersed, mixed up, sideways, tucked in, nailed down, tucked in, squinted, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing in, squeezing in, tucked in, tucked in, tucked in , cover, biting, skipping, squeezing, skipping, squatting, squatting, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, sipping, crunching, squinting, squatting, scattering, waddling, swaying, squeezing, swaying, spinning, squeezing.

Written separately: in ridicule, in installments; Also a curiosity(of another formation) and various combinations in which the noun begins with a vowel (tight, etc.).

Hyphenated spelling of adverbs

1. Adverbs with a prefix ending in -oo, -emu, -ki, -ni, -i are written with a hyphen, for example: work in a new way, let it be your way, advise in a friendly way, speak French, to be cunning like a fox; apparently in an empty way, as before, and also in Latin.

Note 1. The prefix is ​​written together if the adverb includes a short adjective on y (for a long time, little by little), with the suffix -enku, -onku (little by little, little by little) or a comparative degree (more, more often).

Note 2. In adverbs with the prefix po-, formed from complex adjectives with a hyphen, the hyphen is written only after the prefix, for example: in social democratic, non-commissioned officer.

Try not to confuse an adverb and an adjective. Compare: dressed for autumn. Walking on autumn ice is dangerous.

2. Adverbs in -ih, -ih with the prefix v- (vo-), formed from ordinal numbers, are written with a hyphen, for example : firstly, fourthly, seventhly, lastly(the last spelling is similar to the previous ones).

3. Indefinite adverbs with particles -that, -either, -something, -are written with a hyphen, for example: sometime, from somewhere, somehow, somewhere, after all.

4. Adverbs formed by repetition of the same word or the same stem, as well as a combination of two synonymous or related words are written with a hyphen.

Here is the most complete list of these words:

inside out,full,light-light,dearly,willy-nilly,very very,just,at the very least,more or less,a long time ago,exactly the same,barely,barely,criss-cross,I'll say hello,after all,a little,tightly,little by little,not today, tomorrow,sewn-covered,from the bay,quietly and quietly

5. A technical term is written with a hyphen. on-mountain.

Separate writing of adverbial combinations

1. Adverbial expressions consisting of two repeated nouns with a preposition between them are written separately: side by side, eye to eye(by analogy: one on one).

2. Adverb expressions with an intensifying meaning, formed by a combination of two identical nouns, of which one is in the nominative case, the other in the instrumental, are written separately, for example: business is business, honor is honor, eccentric is eccentric.

3. Combinations of nouns with prepositions used in adverbial meanings are written separately:

• without: without knowledge, without asking, without beating around the bush, without looking back, without refusal, without enlightenment, without waking up, indiscriminately, without asking, to no avail, without restraint, without silence, without fatigue;
• V: into the smoke, into the gloss, into the insole (drunk), into the selection, into the bargain, into the pool, into the old days, into the joint, into the dead end, into the dead end;
• before: to the bitter end, to the point of failure, to the point of failure, to death, to the point of falling;
• behind: after midnight;
• on the: on the run, on the fly, in sight, on the fly, at a gallop, on the move; by weight, by sight, by taste, by eye, by eye, by sin, by wonder, by envy, by touch, by rarity, by glory, by laughter;
• from: from strength (three kilograms, etc.);
• By: the old fashioned way;
• under: to match, to the bias, to the tips, to the noise;
• With: with the knowledge, with the wind, with a swoop, with a swoop, with a pantalyk (go astray), with a running start, with acceleration, with a swing, on the move.

Adverbial combinations of prepositions in and on with plural nouns are also written, denoting location, time, state (physical and mental): in the heads, in the legs, in days, in joys, in trots, in demolitions, on the clock (to stand).

Combinations of the preposition on with unchangeable parts of speech (particles, interjections) are written separately if they act as adverbs: at random, to no (reduce to nothing), to hurray, to fufu.

4. Adverb combinations consisting of the preposition v and nouns starting with a vowel are written separately: in exchange, to the hilt, to the girth, point-blank, alone, openly.

5. Combinations of nouns with various prepositions used separately as adverbs are written separately if the noun in a certain meaning has retained at least some case forms.

For example: in mockery, with mockery; abroad, abroad, from abroad (but: trade with abroad - from the noun abroad), to home, at home; on all fours, on all fours; squatting, squatting; on tiptoe, on tiptoe; on the heels, on the heels; on bail, on bail; from memory, from memory; on hand, not from hand; conscientiously, according to conscience; under the armpit, under the armpit, under the armpits, under the armpits, from under the armpits (but: armpits); under a bushel, under a bushel.

The same if the noun is used in a figurative meaning, for example: scream in your hearts (in anger), scold behind your eyes (in absentia).

6. Combinations of negations not and nor with prepositional forms of nouns are written separately, for example : not in moderation, not to the credit, beyond strength, not to taste, not good, not for an iota, not for a penny, not in a hurry.

In cases of difficulties in spelling adverbs formed by combining a preposition with nouns, you should consult a spelling dictionary.

In the “Spelling by Rules” course you will find interactive exercises on spelling adverbs. >>>