The history of creation and the circle of consumers teaspoon. History of the spoon: origin and evolution. How did the wooden spoon come about?

People understood the need for a spoon a very long time ago, which is why they began to use it as a cutlery already in ancient times. The first spoons were not made of stone, as might be expected, but of baked clay, since they did not need strength, because then soft food was eaten with spoons. She represented a hemisphere with a handle. In the future, people began to use various materials to make spoons. In ancient Europe, they were made mainly of wood. In Egypt, spoons were made from ivory, stone and wood. The most common material for making spoons in Scandinavia and Russia is wood.

In Europe, the spoon appeared in the Middle Ages. Then the spoons were mostly wooden and horn. In the 15th century, spoons made of brass and copper became popular. Aristocrats and kings used spoons made of silver and gold. The earliest mention of such spoons dates back to 1259. The personal belongings of the English King Edward I in 1300 included gold and silver spoons marked fleur-de-lis (the name of the Parisian workshop). During the Renaissance in Europe, the so-called apostolic spoons with the image of Christ and his disciples were distributed, which were often given as gifts for Christian holidays. The disciples of Christ were depicted on the apostolic spoons.

During the Baroque period, the spoon turned into a work of art. The refined style in architecture, design, furniture, dress and manners prevented spoons from remaining with wide handles. It was required to hold them with the whole palm, which, taking into account the presence of wide cuffs, frills, long collars and the generally sophisticated appearance of the owner, became completely uncomfortable. Therefore, in the first half of the 17th century, the handle of the spoon lengthened several times. In general, fashion has changed the shape of the spoon more than once. For example, the etiquette rule of holding a spoon with three fingers has led to wider and flatter handles.

A common feature of all baroque spoons (as well as everything that surrounded the aristocracy at that time) is the extraordinary splendor of decorations and the variety of handle shapes (there were spoons in the form of a lotus, and shells, and violins, etc.). Lush Baroque decor did not bypass even a spoon. It was decorated with complex emblems, floral and fruit ornaments, allegorical figures, etc.

The opening of coffee and tea houses in the 18th century led to the emergence of new utensils needed for tea, coffee, and hot chocolate. The culture of tea drinking laid the foundation for the production of coffee and teaspoons and the emergence of new rules of etiquette. So, while stirring the sugar, the spoon had to be easily held with two fingers. A spoon placed across the cup by the guest meant that he no longer needed to add tea.

Rococo, an elegant style whose motto was "life is a theater screen", opened a new page in the history of cutlery. The decor of the spoon now included the main symbol of the era - a small, elegantly airy shell (it was from the word "shell" that the name of the style came from). Eating turns into a theatrical performance, which means that cutlery should have become a worthy decoration for it. There are fragile, intricately curved teaspoons, and miniature sugar spoons, decorated with mother-of-pearl.

Rococo was replaced by strict clear forms of the new Renaissance - classicism straightened curved lines and deprived the spoon of excess decorations from the Baroque and Rococo times. Vignettes, playful shells and pot-bellied angels gave way to straight crossed swords and heraldic motifs (lions, griffins, banners).

A little later, when, tired of the clarity of classicism, Europe turned to its medieval roots, and neo-Gothic came into fashion, magnificent examples of spoons appeared that imitated their predecessors of the late Middle Ages. Moreover, the stylization reached such a high level that copies could hardly be distinguished from the originals.

In the same 19th century, the demand for souvenir spoons grew. The first of them appeared around the end of the 17th - beginning of the 18th centuries. Friesland, a historical region in the north of the Netherlands and one of the centers of the Northern Renaissance, is considered their homeland. Here, for the first time, spoons began to be decorated with images of real local landscapes. In the new, 19th century, such spoons spread throughout all the shops of Europe. It was at this time that Europeans, who traveled for educational purposes during the Middle Ages, began to turn into tourists.

Around 1900, a huge number of similar products were produced in Europe and North America with engravings of historical and landscape sights, views of cities and emblems of states. Portraits of famous people became a favorite decoration.

When did the spoon reach Mother Russia?

During the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, the boyars had pewter tableware. Of course, everyone knew about the existence of cutlery, but this paraphernalia was perceived exclusively as a luxury, so spoons, forks and knives were served only to the most respected guests. Even Ivan the Terrible at his table had neither a personal plate nor a spoon, but "used them from the boyar who was sitting next to him." Therefore, a chic feast with "overseas caviar" and a table full of dishes in the film "Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession" is an invention of the director that does not correspond to the spirit of the times.

Under Peter I, almost all the nobles had silver dishes. The courtiers of Catherine I often have gold. At one of the holidays of Count Sheremetyev in Kuskovo, a table was served for 60 people exclusively with gold utensils. In the middle of the table stood a cornucopia of pure gold, adorned with the empress's monogram of large diamonds.

The shape of the spoon was constantly changing, until in 1760 it became oval and easy to use. Now they make a huge number of various spoons - different colors, sizes, shapes, from various materials. But it is worth paying special attention to a wooden decorative spoon with a painting that appeared in the 17th century and was named after the place where this type of art appeared - Khokhloma. Red juicy rowan and strawberry berries, flowers and branches, birds, fish and animals... Traditional colors: black (sometimes green) and red on a golden background. Of course, Khokhloma painting was done not only on spoons, but also on other dishes, which became a symbol of Russia, like the nesting doll. Such spoons were often used as musical instruments.

The explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language by Vladimir Dahl says that “there is a spoon: mezheumok, simple Russian, wide; butyrka, burlatskaya, the same, but thicker and rougher; barefoot, longish, blunt-nosed; semi-flat, rounder than that; nosy, sharp-nosed; fine, generally fine, clean finish. White, i.e. unpainted, first-hand goes 9-18 rubles. one thousand banknotes, aspen and birch; maple dyed up to 75 rubles. thousand notes. Spoons, songwriters, buffoons have castanets, a pair of wooden spoons, or circles worn on fingers, studded with rattles.

They also guessed on spoons. For example, spoons were placed in a tub of water according to the number of relatives, noticing which was whose. Then the water was shaken. In the morning they looked: if all the spoons are in a pile, then within a year everyone will remain in the family; if someone is behind, it means that this particular family member will leave her this year (get married, marry, move or die, etc.). As a ritual object, Russian peasants used a spoon during Christmas fortune-telling - they froze water in a spoon for the New Year: bubbles - for a long life; a hole from above - to death.

Wooden spoons -
Knock a little.
Do you want to play waltz
And if you want - soup slurp!

So in Russia there was a custom: during the birth of his wife, a man was given a tablespoon and forced to eat a mixture of mustard, pepper, horseradish, salt, vinegar and sugar, so that he would feel what his wife had to do. Oh, and it was probably hard to eat such a gruel.

Spoon signs are no less interesting.

If you drop a spoon - a woman will come, if a knife - a man.
Two spoons in one gravy boat - for the wedding.
Forget the spoon on the table after dinner - to the guest.
Spill the sauce from a sauce spoon - invite a family quarrel.
You can’t knock with spoons - from this “the evil one rejoices” and the “sinisters” come together for dinner.
You can’t leave the spoon so that it rests with its handle on the table, and with the other end on the bowl: along the spoon, like a bridge, evil spirits can penetrate into the bowl.

Scottish nannies always noticed with which hand the child took up the spoon for the first time. It was believed that if he did this with his left hand, he would deprive himself of good luck for the rest of his life. This superstition was recorded by Master Wilkie: “The spoon played a prominent role in the rituals of the Eastern Slavs, personifying a specific family member - living or dead ... Spoons were marked, they avoided using strangers, and the man’s spoon was sometimes opposed to the rest in size and shape; it was willingly used in folk medicine, believing that with the help of a spoon of a deceased owner, you can get rid of a birthmark, wart, abscess, swelling in the throat, etc.” In the context of the idea that a spoon metaphorically “replaces” its owner, the meaning of the English belief about two spoons in a gravy boat becomes clear - they personify a young couple.

During courtship, if one of the suitors manages to take a spoon from the bride’s house, then the son will be the master in the house and his wife will never leave. Three months after their wedding, the spoon should be thrown into the house of the bride.

As a charm, a spoon was used during the baptism of a child, in cases where the godmother was pregnant. This tradition is still alive - during baptism, the baby is given a silver spoon, completely forgetting about such an attribute as pregnancy.

Well, how not to remember the game on spoons! Since ancient times, the Eastern Slavs have used percussion instruments in military affairs, hunting and rituals. The use of instruments is akin to clapping hands, trampling. The use of spoons as a musical instrument is not unique. It is known that at feasts, in the heat of dancing excitement, not only spoons were used, but also frying pans, samovar pipes, everything that could make a sound. The time of appearance in Russia of spoons as a musical instrument has not been established. The first information about them appears at the end of the 18th century, some researchers believe that the spoons arose among the Russians in imitation of the Spanish castanets.

And finally, a few proverbs about spoons.

Red spoon with stew, not dry. (Russian)
If the world were pilaf, and I would be a spoon! (Dargin)
You can't put two spoons in one mouth. (Chinese)
Road spoon to dinner. (Russian)
Porridge is small, but the spoon is large. (Malay)
Cats on spoons, dogs on crumbs, us on cakes. (Russian)
A fly in the ointment. (Russian)
Don't put your spoon where your bowl isn't. (Abkhazian)
An empty spoon scratches your lips. (Ossetian)
Nothing to sip, so let me at least lick a spoon. (Russian)
The state of the boiler is best known by a pouring spoon. (lak)
What you put in the cauldron will go into the spoon. (Kazakh)
The spoon is red by the eater, the horse by the rider. (Russian)
What you crumble into your bowl, you will find in your spoon (Armenian)
You can’t reach out your hands for a spoon, so you won’t come by yourself. (Russian)

Do you know that:

It was customary in Cambridge to give a wooden spoon to the student who scored the lowest on a mathematics exam. The tradition existed until 1909 (the photo shows this very last spoon, which is now stored in one of the university's museums).

In Russia, too, they are not far behind America and also use a spoon to pass the exam. Students of Kazan University in the century before last put teaspoons under the bookcase as a guarantee of a successful outcome of the exam. Did it help? Probably yes, if there was such a custom.

When Salvador Dali went to bed, he picked up a spoon, fell asleep, and when the spoon fell, he woke up and sketched everything he saw in a dream. I must say, his dreams were very extraordinary.

Spoon and coat of arms? It was like that. The Turkish Sultan Urhan, having created an army of Janissaries, approved a spoon as his coat of arms, which was supposed to remind the soldiers that they were obliged to fight for the Sultan's reward.

The French came up with a wonderful solution, and it is for those who do not know the limits in food. According to the French, there is no way to lose weight without a spoon. But you need to use a somewhat unusual spoon: quite recently in Paris, cutlery sets were sold from a fork with broken teeth, a completely blunt knife and a holey spoon.

Throughout its development, the spoon has constantly undergone sometimes drastic changes, depending both on changes in the fashion for clothes and on a change in lifestyle in general. But be that as it may, the spoon remains, to this day, an indispensable item in a person's daily life.

Explanatory note

Interest and attention to folk art has recently increased even more in our country. Increasingly, they are talking about the need to familiarize children with the origins of Russian culture, about the revival of folk holidays with their traditions, customs and beliefs. After all, introducing children to folk art, we thereby introduce them to the history of the Russian people, to moral universal values, which are so lacking in our turbulent times.

Telling children about a variety of dishes, the question arose about their purpose, distinctive features. This is how my project started.

Why a spoon?

Spoons are a reflection of the originality of our Russian culture and its cultural traditions.

In our garden there is a museum to which we go on excursions, conduct thematic classes. Our main task is to replenish our museum with exhibits. It is difficult for children to prepare an exposition that is understandable and accessible, and in the development of children an important task is played by the education of cultural and hygienic skills.

Spoon history.

Spoons were used as cutlery in antiquity, in contrast to the later invented forks. In ancient Europe, spoons were made mainly of wood, the Greeks used seashells, which were convenient in shape, which were used as spoons by even the most ancient primitive people. In Egypt, spoons were made from ivory, stone and wood. Often they were covered with religious images. During the heyday of the Roman and Greek civilizations, bronze and silver utensils appeared. Many copies of bronze and silver spoons from this period have been preserved, which are kept in historical museums around the world. In the Middle Ages, spoons were mostly wooden and horn. In addition, brass, copper and tin were sometimes used for their production: such spoons gained popularity in the 15th century. Aristocrats and kings used spoons made of silver and gold. The earliest mention of such spoons dates back to 1259. The personal belongings of the English King Edward I in 1300 included gold and silver spoons marked fleur-de-lis (the name of the Parisian workshop). Of interest are the coronation spoons used to anoint the English kings. During the Renaissance, the so-called apostolic spoons were common in Europe. They appeared as early as the beginning of the 15th century, but gained popularity in the 16th century as gifts for Christian holidays. The disciples of Christ were depicted on the apostolic spoons. Less often, Jesus himself was depicted on spoons. Around the same time, the very shape of the spoon changed - the handle became flat, and the scoop acquired the shape of a wide ellipse. In the 18th century, the scoop narrowed, the handle turned out to be a few degrees in relation to it. In 1760, the spoon took on its modern form, in which the cup-shaped part is narrower at the end than at the base.

The “History of a Spoon” project was organized with the aim of clarifying, expanding and enriching children's knowledge about life, craft, arts and traditions. The work on the project was aimed at the formation of moral education, the creation of a single educational space for a preschool educational organization and a family united by a common goal: introducing children to culture; on the development of interest in productive activities, the activation of creative activity and the gaming experience of children.

The objectives of the project: to help children, using a variety of techniques, develop ideas about the size of a spoon, its purpose, distinctive features and conditional models of proportionality (large, smaller, small); enrich children's knowledge about a variety of dishes; in the process of experimentation, expand the ideas of preschoolers about the different materials from which spoons are made (wood, metal, plastic); improve skills: compare and highlight an elegant spoon; develop the child's imagination, the ability to fantasize: showing the possibilities of children's creativity.

What is a spoon, what were the spoons before, what spoons are made of, where you can see a variety of spoons.

Project name:"History of the Spoon".

Project type: collective, cognitive - creative.

Project participants: teacher, kindergarten children, parents.

Project duration: short

Objective of the project: to support and develop the social activity of preschoolers through the formation of their cognitive interest in the world around them, in surrounding objects.

Expected results:

The theme of the developed project was chosen taking into account the age characteristics of preschool children and the amount of information that they can perceive, which positively affects their various types of activities and the achievement of educational results in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard:

• the child shows independence, the ability, without the help of an adult, to solve tasks adequate to his age, to find ways and means of realizing his own plan on the material of folk culture; uses folklore, songs, folk games in independent and joint activities, communication with other children and adults;
• the child is able to feel the beauty, to perceive the beauty of the world, art, literary folk, musical creativity;
• the child shows cognitive activity, the ability and readiness to expand their own experience by satisfying the need for new knowledge, to experience the joy of discovering something new; the ability to use a variety of sources of information to meet interests, gain knowledge and meaningful communication;
• an inquisitive, active child shows interest in a small homeland, native land, their history, the desire to get acquainted with their culture; actively involved in project activities, independent research, experimentation.

Stages of work.

1. Preparatory:
2. Selection of fiction for reading.
3. Selection of spoons, pictures and illustrations for viewing with children.
4. Selection of methodological literature to introduce children to the Russian folk costume, crafts.
5. Basic (practical):
6. Reading fiction: Christian Pino "The history of the wooden spoon" in abbreviation, the fairy tale "Zhiharka".
7. Didactic games for classification: “What kind of dishes are there”, “Spoons are different” (in size), “What is the spoon made of?” (material), “For what and why?” (by appointment).
8. Fun games: “Bring it - don’t drop it!”

Lesson progress

Educator:- Today I invite you to remember and talk about the familiar items that we use in the kitchen.

Questions for the children on the presentation:

What are the people in the picture doing? (slide 2)

What do they use at the table?

When do you think the first spoons appeared?

Why do people need spoons and why are there so many different spoons? (slide 3)

Educator's story: a very, very long time ago, when the first people lived on Earth, they ate raw food with their hands, they had no fire and no utensils (slide 4).

Over time, they learned to carve tools from stone (slide 5), make and keep fire. Having discovered clay, people learned that different objects can be sculpted from it. (slide 6), which, falling into the fire, do not burn out, but become strong, durable, comfortable (slide 7)

They could store and cook food. (slide 8), and hot food could be taken not with hands, but with clay tablets resembling a spoon. So the dishes appeared, and the very first spoon. After many years, people learned to create dishes from different materials, for different types of food and therefore of different shapes and sizes. (slide 9)

In some countries, the spoon never became an ordinary tableware, and people eat there with chopsticks - China, Japan (slide 10), or hands - as in India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (slide 11)

See how different spoons can be. Try to guess what material they are made of and why? (slide 12)

And finally, a few riddles and proverbs about spoons.

Riddles:

If I am empty
I forget about you
But when I bring food -
I will not pass by the mouth.

longtail horse
She brought us sweet porridge.
A horse is waiting at the gate -
Open your mouth wide.

Who is this?

Kashi will scoop up
And put it in your mouth.

unapproachable in appearance
Standing akimbo,
And inside, look
Treat inside!

On my plate
The boat is sailing.
A bowl of food
I send it to my mouth.

I don't eat myself
And I feed people.
Who is this?

Kashi will scoop up
And put it in your mouth.
I'm just like a cook
But a little happier
- I am dearer and closer to people,
After all, they still lick me!

Doesn't eat on her own
And feed people.

Wooden spoons -
Knock a little.
Do you want to play waltz
And if you want - soup slurp!

Proverbs:

• If the world were pilaf, and I would be a spoon! (Dargin)
• You can't put two spoons in one mouth (Chinese)
• Road spoon to dinner (Russian)
• Porridge is small, but the spoon is large (Malay)
• Cats on spoons, dogs on crumbs, us on cakes (Russian)
• Fly in the ointment in a barrel of honey (Russian)
• Do not put your spoon where your bowl is not (Abkhazian)
• An empty spoon scratches your mouth (Ossetian)
• There is nothing to sip, so let me lick the spoon (Russian)
• The state of the boiler is best known by a pouring spoon (Lakskaya)
• What you put in the cauldron will go into the spoon (Kazakh)
• What you crumble into your bowl, you will find in your spoon (Armenian)

Used Books.

1. Belaya K.Yu., Teselkina N.V., Murzina M.R., Shchetkina T.T., et al. Organization of project activities in preschool education. - M.: UTs "Perspektiva", 2013. - 104 p.
2. Veraksa N. E., Veraksa A. N., Project activity of preschoolers. M.: Mosaic-Synthesis, 2008.
3. http://stranamasterov.ru/node/454664 - Spoon puppet theater. Painting on wood.
4. N.F. Sorokin “Playing puppet theatre”, Moscow: ARKTI, 2002.
5. M. V. Tikhonova, N.S. Smirnova "Red hut" - acquaintance of children with Russian folk art, crafts, life, St. Petersburg: "Childhood-press", 2004.
6. Kartushina M. Yu., Logorhythm for kids. Scenarios of classes with children 3-4 years old. M., 2004.

In European culture, no one can do without a spoon. It is made from different materials. The size and shape of the cutlery depends on its purpose: coffee, tea, dessert. We immediately understand what we will eat this or that dish, and we don’t even think about who invented this item and when it acquired its usual appearance.

History and evolution of the spoon

The spoon is such an ancient invention that it is impossible to establish the time period of its existence. Researchers give different dates for her birth, the estimated age ranges from three to seven thousand years. Even the origin of the name of this word is not known. Linguists see the common Slavic root in the words "lick" or "crawl", as well as "log", which means "deepening". Perhaps the origin of the Greek - "swallow".

One thing is known for sure, that the spoon appeared much earlier than the fork. She can eat both solid and liquid food, and with a fork - only solid.

Ancient world

The similarity of spoons was used by primitive people, they were sea shells, halves of a nut shell or bent dense leaves of plants. Until now, some tribes in Africa and South America use convenient clam shells instead. The first spoons made by people looked like small earthenware ladles with short handles. Later, wood, animal bones and horns were used to create this item, and even later, metal.

Excavations have confirmed that cutlery was used in ancient Egypt as early as the fifth century BC - similar stone products were found. The ancient Greeks made spoons from mother-of-pearl shells. Archaeologists have found similarities of cutlery from animal horns and fish bones dating back to the third millennium BC. During the heyday of the Roman-Greek civilization, bronze and silver appliances used for eating food appeared.

Middle Ages

In Russia, spoons began to be used several centuries earlier than in other European countries. The annals mention the order of Prince Vladimir (X century) to craftsmen to make silver spoons for his entire squad. By this time in Russia, wooden spoons were already used everywhere. In some families, craftsmen made their own devices for eating food. But in most cases, they used the products of craftsmen-spooners. The following materials were used: aspen, maple, birch, linden, plum, apple tree. They were simple and practical products. They became carved and painted much later.

In addition to Italy and Greece, familiar with cutlery from ancient times, in the XIII century silver spoons appeared among the peoples of Europe. The disciples of Jesus Christ were depicted on the handles, so the cutlery began to be called “apostolic spoons”.

Renaissance

In the 15th century, in addition to bronze and silver, they began to make cutlery from copper and brass. Metal was still considered the privilege of rich people, the poor used wooden products.

Age of Enlightenment

Peter the Great went to visit with his cutlery. Following his example, a custom was established in Russia: when going to visit, take a spoon with you. In the 18th century, when aluminum was discovered, the first cutlery made of this metal was served only to respected guests, the rest were eaten with the help of silver utensils. In the same century, round spoons acquired the familiar and convenient oval shape. In addition, the established fashion for drinking tea has led to the production of cutlery in different sizes. By this time, the appearance of teaspoons, and a little more - and coffee ones.

The fashion for long sleeves also played a role in the transformation of the cutlery - the need for a longer handle arose, which made this item look like a modern one.

19th century

The German E. Geithner was the first in Europe (1825) to produce cutlery from an alloy of copper, zinc and nickel, he called it Argentan. The alloy was cheaper than silver, so many European manufacturers began to use it for their products. Today, such spoons are called cupronickel, and they still have not lost their popularity.

XX, XXI century

The discovery of stainless steel at the beginning of the last century was a turning point in the history of cutlery. Now this metal has formed the basis of 80% of all spoons on the planet. Chromium, which is part of the product, protects it from corrosion.

Today, spoons are made from various metals and alloys, but silverware is still held in high esteem.

Spoons seem to be ordinary, familiar kitchen utensils. But, having passed a long historical path, they became participants in many interesting stories. For example, not everyone knows where the expression “beat the thumbs” came from, although everyone knows that they say this about lazy people. In the case of spoons, there is a simple task - to break the log into pieces (baklush), which become blanks for future products. In the production of spoons, breaking the buckets was considered an easy task and was entrusted to the most inept apprentices.

In the old days, everyone had their own spoon. When the first teeth appeared at the newborn and he began to receive food other than mother's milk, he was given a small spoon. It was believed: if it is made of silver or gold, the baby in the future will not need anything. Modern people often turn to the custom, giving the baby a silver spoon “by the tooth”.

People also believed in other signs associated with cutlery:

• accidentally putting two spoons in one cup, you can expect a wedding;
• a spoon fell from the table - wait for a woman to visit, a knife was dropped - a man will come;
• extra cutlery was on the table during a family dinner - there will be a guest;
• you can’t knock on the table with a spoon - trouble will come;
• those who lick the spoon after eating will have a happy marriage.

The cutlery played its role in the student life of the past. In the 19th century, young people studying at Kazan University put teaspoons under the cupboard before each exam in order to successfully pass the tests. It is difficult to say what meaning was put into this sign, but the students believed that it worked. At the University of Cambridge, the spoon was used for a different occasion: a grandiose cutlery almost the size of a human being was cut out of wood and given as a token of consolation to the most backward student.

The famous master of surrealism Salvador Dali used a spoon as an alarm clock. He attached great importance to daytime sleep, but did not want to spend too much time on it. Falling asleep in his favorite armchair, the artist held a table item in his hands. When he fell, Dali woke up from the sound. This time was enough for him to restore his strength to continue his work.

Such a small object as a spoon has a long history and is an indispensable attribute of our life.

In the next video you will find the history of the spoon in pictures.

Synopsis of an integrated lesson of a cognitive and aesthetic nature for children 5-6 years old "History of a spoon"

The lesson contains a presentation for educators, see the archive (link to download the summary and presentation at the very bottom of the page).

Target:

Steady cognitive interest of children in the process of discovering new, unusual knowledge about a familiar object - a spoon.

Tasks:

1. Enrich children's ideas about the history of the emergence and temporal changes of the spoon; about the species diversity of homogeneous objects (spoons are different in size, shape, material, appearance, functions).
2. Develop creativity and imagination when making decorative spoons.
3. foster a caring attitude and respect for the products of people's labor.

Lesson progress:

Educator:

Today I invite you to remember and talk about familiar items that we use in the kitchen.

Presentation "History of the spoon"

Questions for the children on the presentation:

What are the people in the picture doing? (slide 2)
- What do they use at the table?
- When do you think the first spoons appeared?
- Why do people need spoons and why are there so many different spoons? (slide 3)

The teacher's story

A very, very long time ago, when the first people lived on Earth, they ate raw food with their hands, they had no fire and no utensils (slide 4). Over time, they learned to carve tools from stone (slide 5), to produce and maintain fire. Having discovered clay, people learned that it is possible to sculpt various objects from it (slide 6), which, falling into the fire, do not burn out, but become strong, durable, comfortable (slide 7). It was possible to store and cook food in them (slide 8), and hot food could be taken not with hands, but with clay tablets resembling a spoon. So the dishes appeared, and the very first spoon. Many years later, a person learned to create dishes from different materials, for different types of food and therefore of different shapes and sizes (slide 9). In some countries, the spoon never became an ordinary tableware, and people eat there with chopsticks - China, Japan (slide 10), or with their hands - as in India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (slide 11)
- See how different spoons can be. Try to guess what material they are made of and why? (slide 12)

From metals: silver, gold, aluminum, stainless steel (they are called so - stainless steel); from plastic, from wood (plain and painted).

Spoons of different sizes and shapes are designed for different dishes (slide 13). For example, for first courses, hot soup, porridge - tablespoons (slide 14). For dessert - dessert (slide 15), for tea - tea (slide 16), for hot spices - very small (slide 17).

Who do you think made all these spoons? (people are masters)
The teacher draws attention to the parcel.
- Oh, I almost forgot! In the morning, the postman brought a parcel to our group, I wonder what is in it?
He takes out many, many different spoons from the drawer.
- This is a gift! Only all the spoons are mixed! Let's try to put the spoons together according to their purpose.
On the table are trays with charts for assigning spoons.
- Why were these spoons put on this tray? Etc.
- What do you think, on which spoons more time, labor and love of the master was spent? (wooden, painted). What wonderful spoons the master made. Do you want to become such masters? (children - yes)
- From what in our group can we make elegant spoons? (from plasticine). In order for the spoons to turn out elegant and beautiful, every “master” needs to really, really want this!

Modeling "Beautiful spoon"

(from a whole piece of plasticine with decorative elements)

The spoon is a simple worker,
City crane.
Pick up on a spoon
Porridge, soup or potatoes.
Lift more loads
Send them straight to the belly.
Eat everything yourself to the crumbs,
To make the legs run faster
To grow up quickly guys
Like vegetables in a garden.
(I. Khramova)

What beautiful spoons you got (put them on a tray).
- Guys, what can you do with such beautiful spoons: admire, eat, play like musical instruments? From plasticine?
- And what spoons can easily turn into musical instruments? (wood, metal)
- Yes, wooden or metal spoons can easily turn into musical instruments.
- Shall we try to play? Take the wooden spoons correctly and play the spoons like musicians.

Folk music “There was a birch in the field” sounds and children play on spoons.

Educator:

Guys, what have we learned today? (that the spoon has a history, that the first spoons were made of clay, that modern man has many spoons of different shapes and sizes, for different foods, that spoons are made from different materials).
- Do you have a favorite spoon, for what kind of food, what is it made of?
What can a person use a spoon for? (admire, eat, play like musical instruments)
- What will you tell your parents today?
- It was very interesting for me to learn so many new things about the spoon, and you?
Thank you!

N. KONOPLEVA

To shift the second courses, they use such an original design - tongs from a fork and some kind of spoon-shovel.

Holes are made in a spoon for lump sugar - granulated sugar is poured through them.

To some extent, it looks like a spoon and a spatula for caviar.

Measuring spoon for instant coffee.

Above - a spoon for vegetables, below - for spaghetti.

Spoon options for brewing tea.

Sauce spoon.

Cocktail spoon. Its long hollow handle replaces a drinking straw. The head is designed for catching fruit, it has three holes through which the liquid enters the handle.

Who first invented the spoon - history is silent. It is only certain that it has almost the same venerable age as the most ancient tool of man - a knife. Even in prehistoric times, the shell of large nuts served as a spoon. Later, spoons were made from bone. The ancient Egyptians used bronze spoons, while the Greeks preferred silver ones.

In ancient Russia, at a time when people in Europe usually ate with their hands, a wooden spoon was already quite a familiar object; it is mentioned in the chronicle "The Tale of Bygone Years" (XII century). And we are talking not only about wooden, but also about silver spoons. Spoons, like knives, were usually carried with you in the old days. They even said: "A thrifty guest does not go without a spoon." Spoons had different names depending on the size, shape, purpose. Let's open the dictionary of V.I. , clean finish". Russian wooden spoons were made from aspen, birch, maple.

The metal spoon as we now know it appeared in Europe around 1760. Since then, the materials and workmanship of these devices have been continuously improved. Spoons were made of tin, gold, silver. Who can afford it. In 1825, the German doctor E. Geithner opened a factory in Saxony and began to produce cutlery from argentan (an alloy of copper with nickel and zinc). It was a beautiful, silver-like material. And relatively cheap. A few years later, throughout Europe, they began to make cutlery from argentan, which was called differently: nickel silver, alphenide, cupronickel ... Today, the name "melchior" has stuck to cutlery made from such material.

There was a period of passion for spoons made of aluminum, then just discovered and therefore expensive metal, remotely similar to silver. Later they became the lot of cheap catering. Now the most popular and practical spoons are made of quality stainless steel, polished, with an elaborate design, sometimes with gold trim on some parts.

In addition to soup, dessert and teaspoons in a good serving, you can find a device for second courses in the form of tongs.

According to Russian tradition, the salad is usually laid out with a large salad spoon. In Europe, it is customary to use two large spoons for this, one of which is ordinary, and the other has several slots for draining excess oil, vinegar, and lemon juice.

There are special large spoons for vegetables and sauce (in cases where the sauce is not served in a separate gravy boat, but is a component of the dish, for example, meat juice from a roast). The sauce spoon is much deeper and larger than the usual one. This is so as not to drip on the tablecloth.

When serving borscht or cabbage soup, a medium-sized deep spoon is used - the so-called sour cream. It resembles a small ladle.

Sometimes salad tongs are served - the same spoons, but interconnected by an elastic bridge ... In a word, the science of using spoons is not as simple as the spoon itself.

Despite the fact that the history of the creation of cutlery goes back centuries and it seems that all the subtleties of their use have already been taken into account, inventions in this area continue. For example, in France, a special spoon for the mustachioed is patented with an ingenious device that makes it possible to ensure that "it does not flow down the mustache, but into the mouth."

The ancient Romans had spoons drilled in the center of the scoop. Why was this done? Perhaps something explains the advice from an old magazine on how to avoid stealing silver teaspoons: drill them in the middle. Such a measure at the same time teaches households to order: these spoons are suitable for stirring tea and catching tea leaves, but they will not allow you to get your spoon into the common sugar bowl. Folk signs and proverbs

The spoon is not a cat, it will not scratch your mouth.

I had a spoon in my mouth, but there was nothing to sip.

A spoon forgotten on the table is for the guest.

Knock on the edge of the dishes with a spoon - to a quarrel.

Two teaspoons on one saucer - for the wedding.