What did the Pope do? Pope: list of church figures, names and dates. Feedback - how to contact Pope Francis

Pope Francis is the Supreme Ruler of the Holy See and sovereign of the Vatican. He was previously a cardinal and archbishop of Buenos Aires. His secular name is Jorge Mario Bergoglio.

He is a member of the Society of Jesus, who renounced worldly goods at the age of 23, the only pope in history of this ascetic monastic order and the first from America, from the Southern Hemisphere and not from Europe (since Gregory III of Syria, who ruled in the 8th century).

Childhood and youth

The head of the Catholics was born on December 17, 1936 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He is the oldest of 5 children of an emigrant from Italy and a native of the Argentine capital of Italian descent. His father was a railroad worker, his mother a housewife.

As a child, Jorge was a respectful and kind boy. After school, he studied at a technical college and defended his diploma in chemistry. Then he worked in his specialty in a chemical laboratory and worked as a bouncer in a night bar.

At the age of 21, he suffered a serious illness - life-threatening pneumonia and the removal of part of his lung. Having practically been resurrected, he wanted to devote himself to serving God. In 1958 he joined the Society of Jesus. As a novice (novice), he studied the humanities in Santiago. Having passed the novitiate stage in 1960, he became a Jesuit.

On the way to the papacy

In 1967, the young man underwent spiritual training at St. Joseph's College in his hometown, earned an academic licentiate degree in philosophy, and taught at Catholic educational institutions in the capital and Santa Fe. He also attended the philosophical and theological department at the capital's College of San Miguel, was a master of the novices and served as professor of theology.

At the age of 33, the young man was ordained to the priesthood. In 1970-1971 completed the third stage of spiritual training at the famous University of Alcala de Henares, located in the suburbs of Madrid, where many outstanding personalities studied - Tirso de Molina, Lope de Vega, Miguel de Cervantes. In 1973, Jorge took the final, fourth vow - submission to the Pope, and soon received the title of provincial superior of Argentina.

Upon expiration of his term of office in this position in 1980, he was approved as rector of his native educational institution, St. Joseph. Before taking up his new duties, he studied English for three months in Dublin, at the Jesuit center of the Milltown Institute of Theology and Philosophy. After 6 years in office, he spent several months in Frankfurt studying for a master's degree, Jorge defended his doctoral research work and, upon his return, took up another high post - the spiritual director of the archdiocese and confessor in Cordoba.

In 1992, by decision of the highest theological leadership, he was recognized as an auxiliary bishop of the capital. In the same year, he was consecrated bishop, and 5 years later he was appointed coadjutor of the cardinal, Archbishop Antonio Quarracino, that is, a successor with the right to automatically acquire the position “by inheritance.”

As a result, after the death of Quarracino in 1998, Bergoglio became a cardinal and acquired the title of Cardinal Priest of the Cathedral of San Roberto Bellarmino. In his new position, he received five posts in the administrative body of the Holy See and the Vatican - the Roman Curia.

In 2001, he personally visited a hospice for poor people dying of AIDS. He washed and kissed the feet of twelve sufferers, emphasizing that Christ himself did not shy away from lepers.

In 2005-2011 he was the head of the Bishops' Conference of the entire country.

Pope Francis officially took the throne

In 2013, at the conclave, Bergoglio was elected supreme sovereign pontiff, Pope. By status, he also received the title of Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. As a papal name, he took the name Francis in honor of the Catholic saint, patron saint of the poor.

In 2016, at the Havana airport building, he met with His Holiness Patriarch Kirill. As a result of the meeting, which was held at such a high level for the first time since the Great Schism (church schism) of 1054, a document was signed calling for pan-Christian unity.

Personal life of Pope Francis

The head of Catholics is known for personal modesty, simplicity in communication, commitment to social justice, and doctrinal conservatism. He always used public transport, refused gifts, and also adhered to traditional church views regarding priestly celibacy, homosexuality, abortion, contraception, euthanasia, and the ordination of women as priests.

After being elected pope, he chose to live not in the luxurious papal chambers of the Apostolic Palace, but in a guest house. He chose silver to make the papal ring (instead of gold), wore vestments devoid of expensive jewelry, and ate in the usual dining room for priests.

He is a fan of the outstanding writer and philosopher Fyodor Dostoevsky and Russian classics Jorge Borges and Leopoldo Marechal.

As for women, the pontiff was in love once in his life - at the age of 12.

In the morning, the pontiff gets up at 4 o'clock and goes to bed at 9 pm. He completely abandoned television in 1994, but really loves films with the famous actress, dancer and singer Tita Merello. His Holiness also enjoys opera, folk music, tango and football. He is a long-time fan of the strongest football club in his home country, San Lorenzo.

Pope now

Along with his main activities on the throne, His Holiness pays great attention to expanding relations between Catholics and followers of other religions, addressing critical issues in international diplomacy, calling for tolerance, peacefulness, compassion and prudence.

Pope's annual Christmas speech (2017)

The Pontiff still tries to spend his birthday with people who especially need his care. He previously celebrated it in the company of homeless people, and in 2017 he visited sick children in the Vatican Hospital Santa Marta.

Delivering the traditional Christmas blessing from the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica, he called on believers to pray for peace and help migrants forced to leave their homeland due to armed conflicts.

List of popes buried in St. Peter's Basilica. Marble slab at the entrance to the sacristy in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican List of popes, divided by period, with annotations and indication of periods of reign. Note: Only in 384... ... Wikipedia

- ... Wikipedia

- (Latin union) the merging of the Orthodox and Catholic confessions, and, on the one hand, the primacy of the pope, purgatory, the presence of the Holy Spirit and from the Son are recognized, on the other hand, marriage of white clergy and worship in their native language is allowed, with... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THEOLOGICAL LITERATURE- BIBLIOGRAPHY [from Greek. βιβλίον book and γράφω I write] THEOLOGICAL LITERATURE, information about publications related to the complex of scientific theological disciplines. The term "bibliography" appeared in Dr. Greece and originally meant “rewriting books.”… … Orthodox Encyclopedia

- (Belorussian. Belarusian prozvishchy) were formed in the context of a pan-European process. The oldest of them date back to the end of the 14th and beginning of the 15th centuries, when the territory of Belarus was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, a multi-ethnic and... ... Wikipedia

- (Latin Patrolology) a collection of works by Latin-speaking Christian authors, including 217 huge volumes, the first part of the “Complete Course of Patrolology” (Patrologiae Cursus Completus), the second part of the Patrologia Graeca. Published by Abbot Min... ... Wikipedia

- (from λιτός general and εργον business) the name of the most important of Christian services, existing, although not in the same form and meaning, among all Christian denominations and expressing the main ideas of the Christian worldview and the main goals... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

City of Rome, visible head of the Roman Catholic Church, supreme ruler of the Vatican State.

Ti-tul “pa-pa” in the early Christian era was applied in relation to all bishops and you-ra- reaped special respect (in relation to the Roman episcopate, it was first encountered at the beginning of the 3rd century at Ter-tul-lian). Later, he became attached only to the bishop of Ri-ma and Alek-san-d-rii. Modern official ti-tu-la-tu-ra Pope of Rome: Bishop of Rome, Vi-ka-riy of Jesus Christ, successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Ver. -khov-ny pon-ti-fik of the All-Len-Church-vi, prima-mas of Italy, arch-hi-bishop-skop and mi-tro-po-lit of the Roman region-las-ti, su-ve -ren of the state of Va-ti-kan, slave of the slaves of their God.

Rome, from the very beginning of the Christian Church, played a large role in her life. No other Western Church, except the Roman one, had such an apostolic pro-existence, while on In fact, there were many apostolic cathedrals (for example, those founded by the Apostle Paul in Asia Minor and Greece). The Roman Church actively taught in the life of other departments through ad-re-co-van-nyh messages to them on various in-pro-sama (for example, due to disputes about the day of Easter celebration, mid-2nd century, due to the issue of re-crea-schi-va- niya here-ti-kov, mid-3rd century) and used their car. In the era of the All-len-councils (IV-VIII centuries), the position of the Roman cathedral was even more uk-re-pi-lis, since the Popes of Rome you-stu -pa-li against-tiv-ni-ka-mi here-tical teachings: ari-an-st-va (which many bar-var-skie ple-men still BC to the Roman Empire), mo-no-fi-zit-st-va, mo-no-fe-lit-st-va, iko-no-bor-che-st -va, not os-ta-nav-li-va-ya even before the temporary discord with the eastern churches. This gained the Roman throne the glory of op-lo-ta right-gloriousness. After the IV All-Lena Council (451), a system of 5 pat-ri-ar-ha-tov - croup - was formed in the All-Len Church -the largest and most autonomous departments (Roman, Kon-stan-ti-no-Polish, Alek-san-d-riy-skaya, An -ti-okhi-skaya and Ie-ru-sa-lim-skaya), to the pre-standers of whom, from the 6th century, it began to be regularly applied -tul pat-ri-ar-ha (from the official ti-tu-la-tu-ry of the Pope ti-tul pat-ri-ar-ha Za-pa-da is-key-chen in 2006, one-on -ko is stored in the Latin sub-pi-si “P. P.” - “Pa-pa and Pat-ri-arch”).

At the same time, in the Roman Church, the doctrine of the primacy of the Pope as the supreme head of all Christ gradually developed -an-sky Church, but-si-te-la of the highest juris-diction and av-to-ri-te-ta in matters of faith and Christianity mo-ra-li. Connected with this teaching is the formation of a special religious teaching system. Based on the interpretation of individual passages of the Holy Scripture (Matt. 16:16-19, Luke 22:32, John 21:15- 17, 2 Cor. 11:28 and others) the doctrine of the papal primacy at the presentation of the primacy in the Church Apostle Peter, who in Western tradition is considered the first bishop of Rome; Dads, like the successors of the Apostle Peter in the Roman cathedral, inherit from him this first place. The Council of Rome in 378 op-re-de-lilled the principle of not being subject to the court of popes of secular power and expanded the judicial power of the episcopate. on all bishops of Rome, the Council of Rome in 382 for the first time declared the primacy of the episcopate of Rome by from-no-she-niu to the apostolic ca-fed-rams of Vos-ka. In the 5th century, Pope Leo I the Great was the brightest figure in the teaching about the papal primacy. The Council of Rome in 494 for the first time called the Pope “in the place of Christ” (vicarius Christi). In the East, the doctrine of the primacy of the Pope was not accepted in its entirety, but it also did not settle down to op- re-de-len-no-go time-me-ni.

Gradually, the Popes began to pretend to be the highest sue-ze-re-ni-tet in Europe on the basis of the sub-del- no-go do-ku-men-ta in the form of the imperial constitution - “Kon-stan-ti-no-va da-ra” (VIII-IX centuries). A special impulse of political pri-ty-za-nii popes po-lu-chi-li after “Pi-pi-no-va da-ra” (mid-8th century), some -Rym Frankish may-or-dom Pi-pin Ko-rot-ky gave the Pope the power of secular pra-vi-te-leys on the ot-vo-van-nyh of the lan-go-bar-ds lands - future Papal region.

Os-lab-le-nie of Byzantium due to internal turmoil and pro-ti-vo-chiy, Arab (VII-VIII centuries) and Turkic (XI centuries) for- military way of the Pope's active desire to spread his power in the East, which is -lo to co-per-ni-che-st-vu with eastern pat-ri-ar-ha-ta-mi (for example, fight-ba pa-py Ni-ko-laya I and pat-ri-ar-ha Kon-stan-ti-no-pol-sko-go Fo-tia because of the church juris-diction over Bol-ga-ri-ya and pri-ori-te-ta in mis-sio- ner-sky activity among the Slav-pagans) and as a result - to the division of the church.

During the period of struggle with them-per-ra-to-ra-mi of the Holy Roman Empire (XI-XIII centuries), the Popes pre-ten-do-va-li on the highest secular power in all Christian lands, which was the same in the course of the Greek reform and in the activities of Pope Gregory VII. Cross-movements, taking the cross-nos-tsa-mi Kon-stan-tino-po-la (1204), introduction of in-qui-zi-tion (two after-them events under Pope In-no-ken-tiya III) oz-na-me-no-va-li the peak of strengthening of secular and spiritual power -sti of the Pope. In the XIII-XV centuries, especially during the pro-ti-standing of the co-movement, Avin-on-the captivity of the popes , Great schism, the efforts of the Pope were right to retain such influence.

Important things in the history of the papacy are Re-formation and pro-tification for it Roman Church-view Counter-re-formation, one of the key events of which was the Tridentine with -bor (1545-1563), especially you-de-liv-shiy papal pre-ro-ga-ti-you, in particular the fact that the auto-ri-tet of the Pope Rimsky above av-to-ri-te-ta ly-bo-go so-bo-ra. The doctrine of the papal primacy in the ka-che-st-ve dog-ma-ta ka-li-tsiz-ma was about-voz-gla-she-but Va-ti- Kan-sky I co-bor (1869-1870) in the dog-ma-tical constitution “Pas-tor Aeternus”. The same con-sti-tu-tsi-ey pro-raised the dogma about the Pope’s error-freeness in the most important official judiciaries ( ex cat-hedra) in terms of faith and morality (in other cases, the Pope’s words are not new) this is obligatory for the ha-rak-te-ra; the dogma does not under-ra-zu-me-va-et the personal sin-lessness of the father).

As a result of many evolutions, the Catholic teaching about the Pope took the following form. Jesus Christ made the Apostle Peter prince (Latin princeps) of the apostles; Peter is the founder of the Christian Church, vi-di-my its head and the beginning of its unity. He alone received power (potestas) directly from Christ, and not through the Church. He is the vice-regent of Christ, who has accepted all the fullness of power, and not just the primacy of honor; The apostles took power not without Peter and not against Peter, they were subordinate to him, and even the Apostle Paul was not his servant. veins The Apostle Peter was the first bishop of Rome, which is why the Pope is the full-power successor of the Apostle Peter. From here the name of the papal cathedral as “the apostle of such a throne”, “the throne of St. Peter” and the like . Pet-ro-vo pre-em-st-vo is not based on all-len-sky councils on-sta-nov-le-ni-yah. The unity of the Church is that the “hundred before Christ”, by virtue of communion with the Pope, has one shepherd and according to his faith. Recognition of such a first-ven-st-va of the Pope is not-about-ho-di-mo for a spa; not po-vi-nu-shy-sya pa-pe - schiz-ma-tik. The Pope has non-medial episcopal jurisdiction over the entire Church. This is the supreme power in matters of doctrine and morality, dis-ci-p-li-ny and governance. According to the newness of the Pope, there is no need to be in additional agreement with the Church in order to not be false, since they express the very essence of the church faith and are the voice of the Church.

The Pope has supreme legislative, administrative and judicial power. Bu-du-chi of the supreme court in-stan-tsi-ey, the Pope receives appeals from all the faithful; his decision is not subject to re-examination in any other authority. The Pope himself is not subject to anyone's judgment, he has power over his fellow men. He is the supreme teacher of the Church, himself the op-re-de-la-shay of the generally binding religious teachings and gender -but-might-but-inter-pre-ti-ru-t-ti-bor-nye-sta-nov-le-tions, but can-act and as a frequent a teacher, for example, supporting one of the pre-emptive opinions of any theological school (theological faculties , the mo-na-she-or-de-nas of the ka-li-kovs have the right to private documents on dis-kus-si-on-nym-vo- pro-himself).

Trak-tue-in-this-way the power of the Pope was os-pa-ri-va-la-to-glorify-us, pro-tes-tan-ta-mi and even members on-my very Roman-ka-lich-chur-vi (co-bor-movement, gal-li-kan-st-vo) in various as-pec-ts (Holy- Puppy Pi-sa-nie, Sacred Pre-da-nie, ka-no-no-ka, church is-to-ria). Va-ti-kan-sky II Council (1962-1965) of the Roman-Catholic Church, preserving the inexhaustible doctrine of the first - the position of the Pope in the Universal Church, along with this, gave special significance to the principle of the episcopal college -al-no-sti, within the framework of which the Roman pon-ti-fic carries out his first-highest service. In agreement with the co-bo-rum of the dog-ma-tiche-sti-tu-tion “Lumen Gentium”, the college of bishops ob-la-da-et unas -le-before-van-noy from the apo-sto-lovs full of power in the Church and without error in the exposition of the doctrine of the re and morality, one obligatory condition of the implementation of these pre-ro-ga-tiv is a co-gla -this and unity with the Pope.

At the beginning of the 21st century, the majority of the divines of all Christian denominations recognize the Catholic teaching about the Pope as the main precept. We are on the way to restoring the unity of the Roman Church with other churches.

The secular power of the Pope, which currently does not operate in the state of Wa-ti-kan (the right-to-pre-e-m-ke of the Papal Region), is important as ga-ran-tiya of his not-for-vi-si-mo-sti from any human power. In the inter-people's law, due to the simultaneous rule of the Pope, the functions of power are not divided - as vi-di- my head of the Roman Church and as the su-ve-re-na of the state of Va-ti-kan - he is the su-ve-ren-noy per -with-its-exclusive property (persona sui generis). The full su-ve-re-ni-tet of the Pope is kept behind him outside the vi-si-mo-sti of the presence of ter-ri-to-ri-al - of the authorities.

In the election of the new Pope after the death (or abdication) of the previous pon-ti-fi-ka, in agreement with the pra-vi-lu , ut-ver-div-she-mu-sya since the time of the Gri-go-ri-an-re-form of the 11th century, only card-di can take part -na-ly, gathered at the con-la-ve. Since the end of the 14th century, the Pope has not been one of the kar-di-na-lovs. According to the Ko-dek-su of the ka-no-right, he can renounce the service of his own free will without co-ordination in-le-niya from someone's side.

Over the past month, believers around the world have been following historically important events taking place in the city-state of the Vatican. Pope Benedict XVI, on February 11, officially announced his abdication. The last such case was almost six hundred years ago during the time of the Holy Roman Empire, and that against the backdrop of incredible chaos throughout Western Christianity and the struggle for power in the empire itself. At the moment, the situation in the Vatican is quite calm, so there was no urgent need for Pope Benedict XVI to renounce the throne. However, on February 28, the decision came into force, and the period of Sede Vacante - the vacant throne - began. The unusualness of the situation was also marked by the fact that on February 25, the Pope managed to make changes to the regulations for the conclave, thus contributing to the speedy election of a successor - Jorge Mario Bergoglio, who became Pope Francis yesterday (there is no number because this is the first case of election this name). But what we are interested in now is not the brightest side of the life of representatives of the Papal Throne - scandals!
1 Benedict XVI

Let us begin to sort out the sins of the Holy Church with the last Pope, because the new one was on the throne for only a day and simply did not have time to be seen in suspicious activities. Pope Benedict sparked a row with Muslims in 2006, nearly sparking a war. The Pope expressed himself very poorly about Islam, although it was a quote, and the Pope clarified it twice, but the phrase was enough for a major inter-religious scandal to break out. Threats to attack the Vatican, destroy the Holy Cross in Rome, and accusations of an attempt to resurrect the Crusades rained down from all sides until Pope Benedict XVI expressed regret about what was said, and Cardinal Bertone issued a refutation. In addition, during the reign of Pope Benedict, an investigation was opened into an extremely high-profile case - sexual abuse of minors by members of the clergy. The Pope has repeatedly expressed regret that the priests had betrayed the great trust placed in them. However, this undermined public trust in the Church.

2 Alexander VI

Although Pope Benedict XVI won the first place on our list, we simply had no right to forget about the most immoral Pope in the entire history of the Papacy. Alexander VI, and in the world Rodrigo Borgia - even those who have absolutely nothing to do with religion have heard of him. His entire life, before and after his acceptance into the clergy, before and after his election as Pope - everything was imbued with debauchery, intrigue and unprincipledness. Borgia achieved the papal throne through bribery, after which many positions were also sold or given as gifts for special merits. Despite the vow of celibacy, Pope Borgia, after his enthronement, moved Rosa Vanozzi closer to him, who gave him three children. And later he took another mistress, Giulia Farnese. In addition to these women, Alexander VI Borgia had countless courtesans. The Pope's children, Cesare and Lucrezia, at first supported their depraved father in everything, and later surpassed him in cunning and dexterity in getting rid of enemies. It is believed that the Pope also had sexual relations with his own child. How it was possible to sin more with such a high rank is simply incomprehensible!

3 Innocent VIII

Not only Pope Borgia, but also Innocent VIII became famous for his special reverence for the fair half of humanity. It is known that this Pope had a lot of illegitimate children, for his love of love knew no bounds, both before accepting the clergy and after. However, he was concerned about family affairs, probably more than all other popes. This is at least strange, given the vow of celibacy, and at most illegal. However, another Pope, Julius II, was also different in this way, but not on such a scale. Innocent is most famous not for his adultery. Innocent VIII started the so-called witch hunts, based on a book by Heinrich Kramer. There were rumors that the Pope tried to save himself from death by infusing the blood of three boys. Their death didn’t bother the Pope, maybe that’s why it didn’t save him?

4 John VIII

Since we are talking about the importance of women for the Roman Catholic See, it is worth telling the legend of the Female Pope. Why legend? But because the church still refuses to acknowledge this fact. However, Pope John VIII is still nominally listed on the official list of Popes. According to legend, since we agreed to call it that, Joanna went to Athos, disguised as a priest, and later was brought closer to the Papal Throne. At that time, Leo IV was Pope, and Joanna somehow miraculously turned out to be his personal physician. After the death of the Pope, no less miraculously, Joanna ascended the Papal throne under the name of John VIII. However, her reign was short-lived; during one of the processions, a woman went into labor and was simply torn to pieces by the flock. After this incident, no matter how much the Church denied it, for another five centuries the masculinity of candidates for the Papal throne was determined publicly, with the help of a slotted chair.

5 Gregory XVI

Pope Gregory XVI became famous, oddly enough, for his great stupidity, mixed with incredible cruelty and continuous drunkenness. He was entirely controlled by Gaetano Moroni, so the Pope’s circle was either the same monsters, or simply greedy and power-hungry people. The Pope treated Jews with particular cruelty, banishing them to the ghetto and forbidding them to leave it. But this did not in the least prevent Gregory from living, constantly borrowing money from a rich Jewish man - Rothschild.

6 Benedict IX

Pope Benedict IX was no less cruel, and certainly no more far-sighted. No one controlled him like a puppet, except perhaps his own vicious desires. However, this is not the worst thing! Having received the throne simply by right of kinship at a very early age (according to various sources, he was from 12 to 20 years old), Benedict XI became so confident in his own omnipotence that he decided to violate absolutely all canons. If his predecessors loved women, they at least hid it, but Benedict decided to enter into an official marriage. In the end, he completely sold the throne, according to rumors, for 680 kilograms to his own godfather, after a while he came to his senses, tried to regain the throne, it didn’t work, and tried again, but this time he was already deposed.

7 Stephen VI

This Pope was distinguished by his blatant disrespect for his predecessor. We don't know what happened there. But Stefan hated Formosa so much that even the death of Pope Formosa did not stop his hatred and passionate desire for revenge. Stephen ordered the corpse to be removed from the grave, dressed in Papal robes, and held a trial. Having poured out all his hatred on the corpse, he did not stop until he cut off the fingers that give blessings and announced that the title of Pope was being removed from Formosa, and in connection with this he should be buried like an ordinary foreigner. For these dubious acts, Pope Stephen VI did not die a natural death.

8 Clement V

Another short-sighted Pope who was foolish enough to not only lose all respect for himself, but for the Church as a whole. Moreover, during his reign the Popes were banished to Avignon by Philip the Fair and no longer had their former influence. After this, he did not have long to live, since the dignity and positions that were bought and sold under him began to depreciate after his expulsion. An accident happened to Clement V. How surprising!

9 John XXII

A recognized heretic, how did he manage to get such a rank? As the head of the Holy Church, John XXII was an extremely superstitious person, and also claimed that he denied the possibility of bliss for the souls of the righteous before the Last Judgment. During his reign, the idealization of poverty was reprehensible, and the Pope himself actively made money from the absolution of sins, setting certain tariffs depending on the severity of the sin. This phenomenon persisted for several centuries, and Pope Leo X decided at one time that this was not enough, increasing tariffs several times, he distinguished himself by absolving sins for a large fee of both murderers and those who committed incest, and also forgave many other serious crimes .

10 Boniface VII

The papacy attracted the attention of everyone who in any way touched the church. People killed for the throne, it was bought and sold, intrigues have been woven around the Pope from time immemorial. The last one on our list today, Pope Boniface VII, is included here precisely because he was ready to achieve the throne in every conceivable and inconceivable way. He didn’t succeed the first time, so he decided to try again to take the throne by force. It worked, but I couldn’t sit on it for long…. He was not the only one so hungry for power.
Yesterday they elected a new Pope - Francis. Who knows what his reign will be like? If it is already known that Francis is the first Jesuit Pope, the first Pope from the New World, the first Pope to take this name. What else will the Pope be first in?

Holy Father, Vicar of Peter (high); head of the Roman Catholic Church, His Holiness (official) Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: Russian language. Z. E. Alexandrova. 2011. Pope noun, number of synonyms: 10 ... Synonym dictionary

Pope- Pope John Paul II. POPE (papa) (Latin papa, from Greek pappas father), head of the Catholic Church and Vatican State. Elected for life (since 1389 always from cardinals) by the College of Cardinals. ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (pope) (lat. papa, from gr. pappas father) head of the Catholic Church and the Vatican state. Elected for life (since 1389 always from cardinals) by the College of Cardinals. See Papacy... Legal dictionary

- (pope) (Latin papa from Greek pappas father), head of the Catholic Church and the Vatican State. Elected for life (since 1389 always from cardinals) by the College of Cardinals. See Papacy... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (Pope) (Latin papa, from Greek pappas father) head of the Catholic Church and the Vatican State. Elected for life (since 1389 always from cardinals) by the College of Cardinals. Political science: Dictionary reference book. comp. Prof. Science Sanzharevsky I.I..… … Political science. Dictionary.

Head of the Catholic Church and State Vatican. Elected for life (since 1389 always from cardinals) by the College of Cardinals... Historical Dictionary

POPE- (Latin papa, from Greek pappas father) head of the Catholic Church and the Vatican State. Elected for life (since 1389 always from cardinals) by the College of Cardinals. etc. PAPACY... Legal encyclopedia

Coat of arms of the Papal See Papacy is the theological and religious-political institution of Catholicism, establishing the Pope as the head of the entire Catholic Church. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Pope is also the Supreme Ruler of the Holy See... Wikipedia

Pope- Pa/pa, s, gen. pl. Pope, M. Supreme Head of the Catholic Church and Vatican State. Blessing of the Pope. Pope Paul VI addressed scientists, emphasizing that the Church attaches importance to the study of the brain and its relationship to consciousness... Popular dictionary of the Russian language

Pope (Latin rara, from Greek páppas father), head of the Catholic Church and the Vatican State. Elected for life (since 1389 always from cardinals) by the College of Cardinals. See Papacy. * * * POPE POPE ROMAN (dad) (Latin papa, from Greek pappas... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• Pope, Indian Elephant, Raphael of Urbino, Solomadina N., Artist Raphael Santi (1483-1520) became famous during his lifetime. The richest people in Italy dreamed of commissioning a portrait of Raphael. But one day the Pope asked the famous painter to draw... Publisher: Art-Volkhonka,
• Florentine. A novel in four books. Book three. Fiora and the Pope, Juliette Benzoni, The third part of the novel continues the story of the life and love of the charming Fiora de Celonger. This time the Florentine’s formidable rival is Pope Sixtus IV, who seeks to subjugate... Series: Caprice. Women's romance novels Publisher: